央企“出海”在路上

莫小阡

5年“一带一路"建设，机遇与挑战并存、成绩与艰难共生，从起步到耕耘，从尝试到融入，从愿景到现实，央企作为实践者和先行者，在共建“一带一路”的各项工作中都取得了显著成效。

愿景变现实的实践者

为推动“一带一路”沿线国家的互联互通，央企在“出海”的布局中，将焦点集中在基础设施的建设和经营上。国资委副主任翁杰明概括道，利用基础设施领域的经验和优势，央企近年来主动参与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区在铁路、港口、公路、通讯等方面的建设运营。

铁路方面，作为东非地区首条现代化电气铁路，已经通车运营的亚吉铁路，将运输时间从曾经的一周缩短到如今的一天;肯尼亚的蒙内铁路，通车一年多来，已经累计发送旅客近200万人。另外，中老铁路、匈塞铁路、雅万高铁等一批建设中的项目，正将铁路打造成为“一带一路”建设中的中国名片。

港口方面，希腊比雷埃夫斯港2018年集装箱吞吐量达到720万TEU，已逐步成为地中海地区重要的集装箱中转港、海陆联运、国际物流分拨中心。吉布提新港已成为东非规模最大、现代化程度最高的港口之一。

公路方面，中巴喀喇昆仑公路等项目给当地交通带来明显改善，在盘活当地旅游资源的同时，培育了零售业、宝石开采等一批新产业。

通讯网络方面，央企在东北亚、中亚、南亚、东南亚等周边区域建设跨境海底光缆、陆地光缆等大容量高速率通信设施，试图打造全方位立体结合的通信网络联通体系。

除了基建，在深化能源资源和国际产能合作方面，央企同样在发力。截至2018年10月，央企已经根据“一带一路”沿线国家经济发展需要，先后在20多个国家开展了60多个油气合作项目，在参与矿产资源开发中加强技术交流和共享，有效提升了沿线国家能源矿产资源开发的能力和水平。

民心相通的先行者

基础设施建设是“一带一路”建设中至关重要的基础环节，而民心相通则是“一带一路”倡议的根本之要。2018年10月30日，在国务院国资委举办的央企参与“一带一路”建设媒体通气会上，国资委高度赞扬了央企在民心相通上发挥的表率作用：“央企在‘一带一路’建设中积极履行社会责任，树立负责任的良好形象，始终严格依法诚信经营，坚持本土化发展，注重生态环境保护，积极投身公益事业，在改善当地民生、推动协调发展、促进文化交流等方面发挥了积极作用。”

据悉，央企的海外分支机构85%是本地员工，不少企业员工本地化率达到90%以上。中国石油印尼公司、中国移动巴基斯坦公司员工本地化率高达99%。在直接提供就业岗位的同时，还间接带动了十几倍甚至几十倍的当地就业。

谋求发展的同时，达成与生态的平衡，也是央企“出海”过程中的重要课题。一些企业在矿产资源开发中，致力于将绿色发展理念贯穿生产经营全过程，通过提高环保标准，采用先进技术，最大限度降低矿产开采对环境造成的影响。几年的发展建设中，央企始终严格遵守國际通行规则和当地环保法律法规，通过开展第三方环境评估、节能减排废弃物管理等，加大对环境的保护力度。

另外，央企积极参与项目所在地的教育、文化、医疗等服务设施建设，造福当地人民，彰显出央企担当。中国电建多次组织参与当地道路修复、沉船搜救、车祸处理等抢险救灾行动;中冶集团在项目所在地出资建设医院、学校，赢得了当地社会和居民广泛赞誉……

“一带一路”的筑梦者

回首这些年的历程，“一带一路”项目共建对象不断扩大，既有央企之间的合作，也有和民营企业之间的合作，还有和所在国企业以吸国际跨国公司之间的合作。建设领域也在合作的基础上不断拓展，既有基础设施建设方面的共建，也有重大工程方面的共建;既有能源资源方面的合作开发，也有国际产能方面的协同合作;既有产品和服务的合作，也有科研和技术的协作。共建方式也由单一走向多样，既有直接投资、独资建厂，也有与中国的民营企业以及所在国的各类企业之间进行的共同投资、合资合作，同时还积极探索第三方投资合作。

在总结成绩的同时，翁杰明也给出了风险防控的几点措施意见：对于当前国际经贸形势的变化，央企要采取相应合规的风险防控措施，把“出血点”坚决止住，同时还要对项目本身不断优化，通过把项目开发得更好、更精细、更能体现商业价值，来获得比较好的回报。此外，国资委将加强管控，通过与有关部委进行合作，对所有海外项目进行在线监管，做到有问题及时解决。

参与“一带一路”建设，不仅加快了央企“走出去”的步伐，也使其在国际化进程中稳步成长、8益成熟。如今的央企在“出海”路上已越走越远，随着合作共赢理念的不断深化，央企也将走向更广阔的舞台。

In the past five years， the Belt and Road Initiative has grown from a vision into reality， through opportunities and challenges， gaining fruits while going through hard times. It started from scratch to involve more and more countries through unremitting efforts and continuous trials.In this process， China's centrally- radministeredstate -owned enterprises （central SOEs） havebeen the practitioners and pioneers in promoting the Belt and Road Initiative， and have gained remarkable achievements.

Practitioners that turn visions into reality

In the "going global" layout， the central SOEsfocus on building and operating infrastructure， so as to promote the connectivity of the countries along the Belt and Road. Weng Jieming， ViceChairman of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission （SASAC），PRC pointed out that with their strength and experience in infrastructure construction and operation， China's central SOEs have proactively played their roles in building and operating the infrastructure in the countries and regions along the Belt and Road in multipleareas， including railways， ports， highways and telecommunications，.

In the railway sector， the first modern electrified railway in East Africa - the AddisAbaba-Djibouti Railway， has been in operation， which significantly reduces the transportation time from one week to one day. The Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway has transported almost two million passengers since its operationover one year. In addition， there are other projects under construction， including the China-Laos Railway， the Belgrade- Budapest Railway， and the Jarkarta-Bandung High- speed Railway， making railway construction a symbol of China in the Belt and Road Initiative.

As for ports， the Greek Port of Piraeus has gradually become a major port for containertransfer， land-ocean transportation and an interactional logistic distribution center in theMediterranean Region， with its container traffic reaching 7.2 million TEUs in 2018. The newport in Djibouti - the Doraleh Multipurpose Port（DMP）， is another port built under the Belt andRoad Initiative， which is now one of the largestand the most modem port in East Africa.

In terms of highways， a series of projects have been carried out， and have brought significant changes to local transportation. One of the projects is the Karakoram Highway that connects China and Pakistan. While tapping into the local tourism resources， the highways also foster a batch of new industries such as local retail business and gem mining.

As for telecommunication networks， China'sCentral SOEs have been working on submarine optical cables， territorial optical cables and other high-volume and high- -speed communication facilities in Northeast Asia， Central Asia， SouthAsia， Southeast Asia and many other regions， to build a comprehensive and interconnected system of telecommunication network in all dimensions.

Apart from infrastructure construction，China's Central SOEs also focus on deepening cooperation in energies， resources and global capacities. By October 2018， the central SOEs had launched more than 60 projects on oil and gas cooperation in more than 20 countries， to support the economic development needs of the countries along the Belt and Road. In addition ，they are also devoted to exchanging and sharing the techniques in exploiting mineral resources， which effectively improves the countries' capacities and skills in exploiting energies and mineral resources.

Pioneers in people-to-people bond

Infrastructure construction lays the cornerstone for the Belt and Road Initiative， whereas people-to- people bond is essential.On October 30， 2018， a media briefing of building the Belt and Road Initiative was held by theSASAC and was attended by the central SOEs.The SASAC spoke highly of the models that the central SOEs have set in people- -to- people bond."In the Belt and Road Initiative， the central SOEshave proactively fulfilled their social responsibilities and shaped well as responsible enterprises.They are law-abiding companies of integrity， seeking localized approaches to development， with an eye on environmental protection. Theyhave been devoted to public goods， and haveplayed a positive role in improving local people’s livelihood， advancing coordinated development and promoting cultural exchanges."

It is noted that about 85% of the employees at the central SOEs' overseas branches are hired locally， and in many of these enterprises ，local employees take up more than 90% of the staff. Especially in the Indonesia branch ofChina National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC）and the Pakistan branch of China Mobile， 99%of the staff is hired locally. While providing job opportunities directly， the central SOEs also helpbring 10-plus or even scores of times increase in job opportunities in those regions indirectly.

In the process of "going global"， the centralSOEs underline the ecological balance while seeking development. When exploiting mineral resources， some of the companies integrate the concept of green development throughout the process of production and operation. To minimize the impact from resource exploitation on environment， the central SOEs set higher standards for environmental protection and apply advanced technologies. Over the past few years， the central SOEs have strictly abided by internationally recognized rules and local laws and regulations on environmental protection， and have reinforced local environmental protection through third- party assessment on environment， energy conservation and emission reduction， as well as waste management， etc.

In addition， the central SOEs have also active lyparticuipated in the construction of local servicesand facilities for education， culture， and healthcare， benefiting local people and showing a great sense of responsibility. For example， POWERCHINA has organized and participated in local roadrehabilitation， sunken ship search and rescue， car accidents response， and much other rescue and relief work. The Metallurgical Corporation of ChinaLtd. （MCC Group） has funded the construction of local hospitals and schools， which is widely acclaimed by local communities...

Dream makers for the Belt and Road Initiative

The past years have witnessed the increasing number of cooperation projects under theInitiative. The central SOEs have cooperated with each other as well as with private enterprises， local companies and multinational companies.Moreover， the fields of cooperation alsokeep expanding， from joint construction of infrastructure to the joint construction of major projects， from joint exploitation of energies andresources to global cooperation on production capacity， from cooperation of products and service to scientific researches and technological collaboration. The ways of cooperation are more and more diversified： in some cases， the centralSOEs make direct investment and build factorieswith sole proprietorship， or Chinese private companies make joint investment， and start jointventures with local companies. At the same time， they are actively seeking third parties to attract investment and achieve cooperation.

While looking back on our achievements， Weng also gave his advice on how the enterprises should guard themselves against risks. He reckoned that world trade and economy have been changing， and therefore the centralSOEs shall take measures to prevent and control risks according to regulations and based on situations， to make sure all risks are eliminated.At the same time， they should keep improving the projects， and seek better gains by optimizing the projects for finer management and greater commercial values. In addition， the SASAC willstrengthen online control over all the overseas projects through cooperation with related ministries and commissions， and make sure all problems are resolved promptly.

By taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative， the central SOEs not only speed up their globalization process， but also grow steadily to become fully-fledged. By now， the centralSOEs have achieved a lot in the journey of "going global"， and as the ideas of cooperation and mutual benefits deepen， the central SOEs will embrace a wider world.