生态环保 共建绿色丝绸之路

蜀山

在中国参加完防沙治沙国际培训班后，来自埃及开罗的园艺研究所研究员纳希德·沙耶卜给自己设定了一个计划：把中国的节水梯田种植模式“搬到”西奈半岛山区，以这种方式在当地荒漠涵养水源、防止水土流失。目前，她的愿望已逐步变成现实，埃及农业部正在研究她提交的西奈半岛梯田方案。

有同样想法的还有来自伊拉克国家荒漠化防治委员会农业副总工程师萨马德·卡米勒·阿里。作为和埃及一样重要的文明古国，近几十年，随着土壤盐碱化和荒漠化，曾经辉煌的两河文明逐渐被沙尘掩埋，文明的起源早已被黄沙掩盖。因此，对于萨马德·卡米勒·阿里来说，他急切地希望学习防沙治沙的有效手段，将沙漠重新变为绿洲。

纳米比亚学员埃丽娜在甘肃省治沙研究所国际合作中心学习

“荒漠化”被形象地定义为地球的癌症，在联合国环境规划署《全球环境展望》系列报告中的首份主题报告《全球沙漠展望》中，赤裸裸的数据震慑着所有人：目前全球有110多个国家10亿多人受到沙漠化威胁，其中1.35亿人面临流离失所的危险;全球气候变暖导致占全球41%的干旱地区土地不断沙化，且面积正在逐渐扩大，目前养活引亿人口的干旱地区中有10% -20%的土地无法耕种;非洲是沙漠化最严重的地区，据统计，非洲有大约三分之二的面积被沙漠和干旱土地所覆盖，世界上已经沙漠化的土地有一半在非洲。

而在我国，甘肃省是防沙治沙的重点省份，最近几年甘肃省依靠科技手段取得了不错的成效。于是，为降低国际荒漠化进程，将更多有益手段传播出去，甘肃省治沙研究所建成了荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室、荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站、荒漠化防治国际培训中心等重点科研基地。先后举办了36期“中国沙漠治理技术和荒漠化防治国际培训班”，培训了90多个发展中国家的1000多名学员，其科研基础设施建设、研究成果及培训水平均为国际领先。

中国生态建设的脚步不仅仅只局限于防沙治沙环节，对于一切涉及到环保的大事，中国政府都将义无反顾地倡导并执行下去。2018年11月6日，国家市场监督管理总局与中国人民对外友好协会在中国国际进口博览会期间共同举办“一带一路”生态农业与食品安全论坛，论坛的主题是“扩大食品进口 丰富百姓生活”。与会嘉宾共同研讨了国际生态农业对食品安全保障作用，探索了中国食品消费结构变化趋势。9月12日，“一带一路”生态治理民间合作国际论坛在甘肃省武威市召开，推广民勤生态治理的中国案例及“一带一路”生态治理成果，让“一带一路”民间力量携起手来，共建绿色“丝绸之路”。

科伦坡国际集装箱码头“油改电”获赞（本版图片/新华社 供图）

除此以外，在2017年，环境保护部发布的《“一带一路”生态环境保护合作规划》指出，在生态环保合作领域，中國积极与沿线国家深化多双边对话、交流与合作，强化生态环境信息支撑服务，推动环境标准、技术和产业合作，取得积极进展和良好成效。同年，中国与联合国环境规划署建立“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟，旨在为更多饱受荒漠化困扰的国家提供生态治理与荒漠化防治经验;中国生态环境部牵头的对外援助环境管理研修班被联合国誉为“南南合作典范”;中非环境合作中心在肯尼亚建立，旨在推进环保交流的“绿色丝路使者”计划启动……

位于斯里兰卡西南部深水自由港的科伦坡国际集装箱码头（简称“CICT”）如今已成为南亚地区规模最大的绿色码头。科伦坡码头隶属于科伦坡港，其港口是斯里兰卡最大的海港，连接着亚洲和欧洲贸易航线的必经之路，是南亚重要中转枢纽。

中国援建的阿尔及尔歌剧院    （新华社供图）

2011年，中国招商局港口控股有限公司投资了位于斯里兰卡的科伦坡国际集装箱码头。相关数据显示，自2013年7月开始运营以来，CICT业务快速增长，2013年集装箱吞吐量仅5.8万标箱，到2014年达68万标箱，而2018年上半年吞吐量已完成130万标箱。在全球港口排名中，科伦坡港由2012年的第34位大幅跃升至2016年的第23位。

经济指标上来了，生态指标也必须要达标。2017年11月，码头完成全部40台龙门吊及40个集装箱堆场的“油改电”改造，也就是这个技术改造让科伦坡国际集装箱码头一跃成为斯里兰卡第一家，也是南亚地区规模最大的绿色码头。

据估算，龙门吊作业动力从柴油发电机组改为市电提供后，不仅每年节省150万美元经济成本，而且对环境也更为友好：每月至少减少油耗22万升，减少碳排放一千吨以上。此外，在龙门吊放下集装箱时，重力势能还会转化为再生电能，除了供给码头其他设备使用外，剩余电能直接免费反馈回当地国家电网。

项目工程技术人员介绍，这一码头低架、直流、安全滑触线电气化改造工程，采用世界先进的绿色环保技术，并进行了创新及热带适应性改造，不仅减少了空气污染和噪音，还降低了运营和维护成本，提高了设备出勤率。

面对经济和生态的双丰收，斯里兰卡港务局主席迪萨纳亚克也不无感叹地说，科伦坡国际集装箱绿色码头项目为斯港口航运业其他企业作出了表率。

同样对中国企业在环保领域赞誉有佳的还有巴基斯坦前总理阿巴西，他深情地说：“冰冻三尺非一日之寒，中国电建克服重重困难，用无可匹敌的速度提前完成建设任务，用最低的成本建造了全世界最环保、最先进的电站，这将极大缓解巴基斯坦电力短缺现状，为巴基斯坦经济发展和改善人民生活提供持续的电力能源供应。”

2017年11月末，在一个阳光明媚的下午，中国电建投资建设的“中巴经济走廊”首个落地能源项目——巴基斯坦卡西姆港燃煤电站首台机组发电仪式在电站隆重举行。卡西姆港燃煤电站项目，位于巴基斯坦信德省卡拉奇市东南方约37公里的卡西姆港工业园内，是中国电建与卡塔尔王室AMC公司按照股比51%：49%的比例共同投资建设的混合所有制项目，总投资20.85亿美元。

自1983年起进入巴基斯坦市场以来，中国电建就积极参与巴基斯坦水利、电力、基础设施等多领域的规划、设计和建设工作，努力将电站打造成为“一带一路”和“中巴经济走廊”精品项目和示范工程。2015年4月20日，在中巴两国领导人的见证下，签署了项目《实施协议》和《购电协议》。两台660MW超临界机组已在2018年6月全部实现商业运行，年均上网发电量约90亿度，能够满足巴基斯坦当地400万户家庭用电需求，大大缓解巴基斯坦电力短缺现状，并对巴基斯坦国家调整电力能源结构、降低发电成本、缓解供需矛盾、优化投资环境、促进基础设施建设和经济发展、改善民生等方面产生深远影响。

“一带一路”倡议提出至今，在不断加强的国际合作与交流中，中国不仅着眼于经济建设，更是将生态建设放在了至关重要的位置。基础设施建设和经贸往来让“一带一路”成为经济繁荣之路，而低碳、环保理念也必将“一带一路”建设成为造福人类的绿色发展之路。

Having been trained in an international workshopon desertification prevention and control inChina. Nasheed Shayeb，a researcher from theHorticulture Research Institute， Cairo， Egypt， workedout a plan to "copy" China's cropping pattern ofwater-saving terraces to mountainous areas of theSinai Peninsula for water conservation and preventionof soil erosion in local deserts. Presently. the Ministryof Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt isstudying her plan of building terraces in the SinaiPeninsula， gradually tuming her vision into reality

Sarmad Kamil Ali， Deputy Chief AgriculturalEngineer of Iraq's State Board of CombatingDesertification， held the same idea. Iraq has animportant ancient civilization as Egypt. In recentdecades， due to salinization of soil and desertification，the Mesopotamian civilization that used to be splendidhas been buried under sand， where no traces of itsorigin can be found， Therefore，Sarmad Kamil Aliwas eager to leam effective means of preventing andcontrolling desertification so as to turn deserts intooases.

“Desertification" is vividly depicted as the cancerof the earth. The figures from the Global DesertsOutlook， the first thematic assessment report intheGlobal Environment Outlook （GEO） series of theUnited Nations Environment Programme （UNEP），shocked all people. At present， desertification threatensthe livelihoods of over one billion people in morethan 110 countries around the world and 135 millionof them are likely to become destitute and homeless.Global warming has led to the desertification of 41%of the land in arid regions worldwide and such areais gradually expanding. 2.1 billion people currentlylive in arid regions but 10% t0 20% of the land hereis non-cultivable. The most serious desertificationoccurs in Africa. According to the statistics， two thirdsofAfrica is covered by deserts and arid lands with halfof the desertified land in the world located here.

In China， Gansu is a key province for preventingand controlling desertification and has achievedgood results by scientific and technological means.Therefore， to slow down the desertification processon a global scale and spread more beneficial measuresit has taken to combat this issue worldwide， theGansu Desert Control Research Institute （GDCRI）has established several key scientific research bases，including the State Key Laboratory of Desertificationand Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating， the NationalField Observation & Research Station on Ecosystemof Desert Grasslands. and the Intemational TrainingCenter for Desertification Control. The GDCRI hasheld 36 sessions of intemational training on China'stechnologies of desert and desertification control withover l，000 learners from more than 90 developingcountries trained. Its basic research facilities， researchresults and training level are all world-leading.

China's efforts in ecological improvement aremore than desertification prevention and control.The Chinese government will advocate and act outevery major event involving environmental protectionwithout hesitation. On November 6， 2018， the Belt& Road Eco-Agriculture and Food Safety Forum（BREAFSF）， with a theme of "expanding foodimports to enrich people's lives"， was jointly hostedby the State Administration for Market Regulation（SAMR） and the Clrinese People's Association forFriendship with Foreign Countries （CPAFFC） duringthe China International Import Expo. Attendeesdiscussed about how the intemational eco-agriculturefunctions to ensure food safety， and exploredthe change trend of China's food consumptionstructure. On September 12， 2018， the Belt andRoad Intemational Forum on Public Cooperation forEcological Remediation was convened in WuweiCity， Gansu Province to popularize Minqin County'scase of ecological remediation and the ecologicalremediation results achieved under the BRI. Thisevent hoped to pool the public strengths along the BRIroutes to jointly build a green Silk Road.

Besides， the Ministry of Ecology and Environmentof China issued the Belt and Road Ecological andEnvironmental Cooperation Plan in 2017. The planpresented the encouraging progress and impressiveresults China made by actively deepening bilateraland multilateral dialogues， exchanges and cooperationwith countries along the Belt and Road， improvingsupport services related to ecological environmentinformation， and promoting cooperation inenvironmental standards， technologies and industries.In the same year， the Intemational Coalition for GreenDevelopment on the Belt and Road was built byChina and the UNEP to offer experience in ecologicalremediation and desertification control for countriessuffering from desertification; the training prograrnfor foreign aid on environmental management led bythe Ministry of Ecology and Environment was hailedby the UN as a model of South-South cooperation;the China-Africa Environmental Cooperation Centerwas established in Kenya; and the Green Silk RoadEnvoys Program aimed at promoting environmentalexchanges was launched.

Currently， the Colombo International ContainerTerminals （CICT） located in the deep-water free portin southwest Sri Lanka has become the largest greenterminal within South Asia. The CICT is under thejurisdiction of the Port of Colombo， the largest seaportin Sri Lanka. The port is the only place that connectstrade routes between Asia and Europe， serving as animportant transit hub in South Asia.

In 2011， China Merchants Port HoldingsCompany Limited invested in the CICT in Sri Lanka.Relevant data indicates that the CICT's businesshas grown rapidly since its operation in July 2013.The CICT's container handling capacity surgedsurprisingly from 58，000 TEUs in 2013 t0 680，000TEUs in 2014 and further t0 1.3 million TEUs till thefirst half of 2018. That helped the Port of Colombo move to the 23rd in the global ports ranking in 2016from the 34th in 2012.

While economic indicators have risen， ecologicalones must reach the standard. In November 2017， theCICT completed the oil-to-electricity transformationfor 40 gantry cranes and 40 container yards， whichmade CICT the first green temunal in Sri Lanka andthe largest green terminal in South Asia.

According to the estimate， since gantry craneswere powered by AC rather than diesel generatorsets， the CICT has seen a savmg in economic costof USD l.5 million every year and has becomemore environmentally friendly as the project hasreduced the fuel consumption by 220，000 liters andcarbon emission by over l，000 tons every month.Additionally， when the gantry crane lowers containers，gravitational potential energy can be transformedinto renewable electric energy， which can powerother equipment at the CICT. And surplus energy canprovide for the local State Grid freely.

An engineering technician of the oil-to-electricitytransformation project introduced that the CICTemployed low-rack DC safety sliding contact lines forelectrification， with world-leading environmentallyfriendly technologies adopted. In addition， thoselines were renovated and tropicalized. As a result， airpollution， noise as well as operation and maintenancecosts have been reduced while the participation rate ofequipment has been improved.

Seeing fruitful achievements in local economy andecology， Mr. Parakrama Dissanayake， Chairman ofSri Lanka Ports Authority， said joyfully that the CICTGreen Terminal Project has set an example for otherenterprises in Sri Lanka's port and shipping industry.

Mr. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi， former PrimeMinister of Pakistan， also highly appreciated Chineseenterprises for their contributions to environmentalprotection. "Rome was not build in one day.POWERCHINA overcame difficulties to buildthe most environmentally friendly and advancedpower plant in the world ahead of schedule at anunprecedented pace with the lowest cost， which couldgreatly relieve the power shortage in Pakistan as it willsupply sustainable electrical energy for developinglocal economy and improving people's livelihoods，"he said affectionately.

On a sunny afiernoon at the end of November2017， the ceremony for the first unit of Port QasimCoal Fired Power Plant Project to commence powergeneration in Pakistan was held in the plant. Investedprimarily and constructed by POWERCHINA， it isthe first implemented energy project of China-PakistanEconomic Corridor （CPEC）. Port Qasim Coal FiredPower Plant is located in the Bin Qasim IndustrialZone， 37 km southeast of Karachi， Sindh， Pakistan. Theproject， invested jointly by POWERCHINA （51%） andAMC from Qatar（49%）， runs in a mixed ownershipmodel with a total investment of USD 2.085 billion.

Since POWERCHINA entered the Pakistanimarket in 1983， it has been actively engaged inthe planning， design and construction of projectsin various fields in Pakistan， including waterconservancy， electric power and infrastructure， strivingto build the Port Qasim Coal Fired Power Plant intoan excellent demonstration project of the BRI as wellas CPEC. On April 20， 2015， the ImplementationAgreement and Power Purchase Agreement weresigned as witnessed by the leaders of China andPakistan. Tw0 660MW supercritical units bothachieved commercial operation in June 2018 with theannual average on-grid power generation reachingsome 9 billion kWh. They meet the power demandof 4 million households in Pakistan， greatly alleviatethe power shortage here and have far-reachinginfluences on the country in adjusting the electricalenergy mix， reducing the generating cost， relieving thecontradiction between supply and demand， optimizingthe investment environment， promoting infrastructureconstruction and economic development as well asimproving people's livelihoods.

Since the proposal of the BRI till now. China hasnot only been focusing on economic constructionbut also giving priority to ecological constructionduring its increasingly intensified cooperationand communications with the rest of the world.Infrastructure construction and economic and tradecontacts make the Belt and Road a path to economicprosperity while the concept of low carbon andenvironmental protection builds it into a path to greendevelopment which benefits all humans.