秋千影
《习近平谈治国理政》中的第五部分集中论述建设法治中国。应该说,倡导依法治国是政治文明的一种体现。今天,我们一起探讨与“法治”相关的英文翻译。
日常情况下,“法治”大概可以简单表述为the principle of government by law;但严格来说,“法治”对应的英文术语应该是the rule of law,《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》给出了后者的释义:the condition in which all members of society, including its rulers, accept the authority of the law,例如:
1. 原文:在全社會弘扬社会主义法治精神
译文:foster socialist rule of law throughout society
点评:弘扬法治精神的实质就是推进法治,故斯译。
很多情况下,“法治”就是“依法治国”的简称,例如:
2. 原文:全面建成小康社会对依法治国提出了更高要求。
译文:Our efforts to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects presuppose a higher demand for the rule of law.
在中国,除了法治,我们也倡导德治,正如习总书记所说:“要坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合……做到法治和德治相辅相成,相互促进。”We should integrate the rule of law with rule by virtue…and ensure that the rule of law and rule by virtue complement and reinforce each other.
当然,除了the rule of law,有时候根据语境,也可以使用其他方式,例如:
3. 原文:坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设,不断开创依法治国新局面
译文:develop a law-based country, government and society simultaneously, and thereby bring the rule of law to a new stage
点评:“法治国家”的本质意义大概应以法律为基础,如此表述,倒也简洁贴切, 避免同一语词在同一英文句中重复使用。
此外,根据《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》,law and order也可以表示“法治”,其释义如下:a situation in which people obey the law and behave in a peaceful way。不过,这个短语较之于the rule of law,更多强调的一种法治环境,更倾向于表示我们平常所说的“治安” ,例如:maintain law and order 维持治安。