大汗淋漓

王逢鑫

夏季到了，天气炎热，人们常常流汗。在剧烈运动之后，身体发热，人们也会流汗。

sweat/perspiration（汗）首先与heat（热）相关。例如：

1. 汗是哺乳类动物皮肤的汗腺分泌出的含有盐分的液体。Sweat/Perspiration is the salty liquid given off by sweat glands in the skin of mammals.

第二，人们在繁重体力劳动之后会流汗。sweat比喻hard work或great effort。例如：

2. 他靠流汗吃苦而获得了成功。He achieved success by the sweat of his brow （= by working very hard）.

3. 盖这所房子让我们流了许多汗，受了许多累。It took a lot of sweat and toil for us to build the house.

4. 运气是流汗吃苦的结果。流汗越多，越有运气。Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat， the luckier you get.

第三，sweat与疾病（illness/sickness）有关。人们在生病时会出虚汗（to sweat due to debility），或盗夜汗（to have night sweats、to perspire during sleep at night）。“出汗驱寒”，英语译为to sweat out the cold、to sweat it out。例如：

5. 这个病人因身体虚弱而经常盗夜汗。As the patient is weak， he often has night sweats.

6. 觉得要患流感时，你应该上床睡觉，出汗驱寒。When you feel flu coming on， you should get into bed and sweat it out.

第四，sweat还与fear（恐惧）、anxiety（焦虑）和worry（担忧）相关。“冒冷汗”译为to break out in a cold sweat。例如：

7. 他一想到蹦极，就因恐惧而全身冒冷汗。He breaks out in a cold sweat all over through fear just at the thought of bungee jumping.

8. 这个学生临考前总是急得一身汗。The student is always all of a sweat before the exam.

9. 这个学生考试后一直担忧最后的分数。①After the student took the test， he was sweating over （= worrying about） his final score. ②After the student took the test， he was in a sweat about （= worrying about） his final score.

10.在等待與老板谈话时，这名雇员精神十分紧张。The employee was sweating bullets （= very nervous） while he waited to talk to his boss.

11. 不必为微小细节着急。There’s no need to get in a sweat about minor details.

12. ——汽车不能启动了。我们该怎么办？The car won’t start. What are we going to do？ ——不用担心。修车的事，我全会。Don’t sweat （= worry about） it. I know all about fixing cars.

第五，sweat还有一个意思是condensation of moisture on a cold surface，指“物体表面遇冷凝结水珠”。例如：

13. 当我驱车出城时，车窗玻璃开始凝结水珠。When I drove out of the city， the glass of my car windows began to sweat.

流汗是常见生理现象，汉语有许多同义词，包括出汗、排汗、淌汗、发汗、滴汗、冒汗、渗汗等。同样，英语也相应具有大量同义表达方法，包括to sweat、to be sweaty、to drip sweat、to drop sweat、to work up a sweat、to break out in a sweat、to perspire、to induce perspiration、to pour、to trickle、to ooze等。例如：

14. 由于几天没洗澡，他一身臭汗。As he has not taken a bath for several days， he is disgustingly sweaty.

15. 做家务活儿真的会出汗。You can really work up a sweat doing housework.

16. 汗水从这个士兵头盔下面流出，沿纤细的发尖流下。Sweat poured from underneath the soldier’s helmet and down the thin points of his hair.

17. 我看见一粒汗珠从他的额头流下。I saw a bead of sweat trickle down his forehead.

18. 当他小心翼翼向后倒退时，汗水从他发亮的额头渗出。The sweat oozed from his shiny forehead as he backed cautiously away.

轻微流汗，即“汗津津”，英语可以译为to be somewhat sweaty、to be wet with sweat、to be wet with perspiration、to be moist with sweat、to be moist with perspiration、to be damp with sweat、to be damp with perspiration、to dampen、to be dripping with sweat、to be dripping with perspiration。例如：

19. 他的皮肤汗津津的。His skin was damp with sweat/perspiration.

20. 他的脸和脖子都汗津津的。Sweat/Perspiration dampened his face and neck.

大量流汗，即“汗淋淋”“汗漉漉”或“大汗淋漓”，英语可以译为to sweat a lot、to sweat heavily、to sweat violently、to sweat buckets、to sweat like a pig、to sweat profusely、to profuse sweating、to perspire profusely、to stream with sweat、to leave puddles of sweat behind、to pour off sb、to wring wet。例如：

21. 这场篮球比赛使我大汗淋漓。The basketball game left me perspiring profusely.

22. 烈日下在田里干活，他大汗淋漓。Working in the field in the hot sun， he was wringing wet.

“渾身是汗”，英语可以译为to sweat all over、to be all of a sweat。例如：

23. 由于天气炎热，我们都浑身是汗。As it was very hot， we sweated all over.

“被汗水浸透”，英语可以译为to be sweated through、to be covered with sweat、to be drenched in sweat、to be soaked in sweat、to be soaked （through） with sweat、to be sweat-soaked、to be bathed in sweat、to be saturated with sweat、to be soggy with sweat、to be completely run with sweat等。例如：

24. 由于天气太热了，他们的身体被汗水浸透。As it was too hot， their bodies were drenched in sweat.

25. 跑完万米之后，他被汗水浸透。After running 10，000 meters， he was soaked through with sweat.

26. 烈日当空，所有干活儿的人都被汗水浸透。In the scorching sun， all the working people were bathed in sweat.

27. 他的白衬衫被汗水浸透。His white shirt was saturated with sweat.

28. 他从口袋里掏出一封被汗水浸透的信。From his pocket， he took out a letter which was soggy with sweat.