一、直接引语和间接引语:在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。
在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
二、直接引语改变为间接引语:
1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点:
①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。
②人称作相应变化;
③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变: 一般现在时变一般过去时;一般将来时变过去将来时;现在进行时变过去进行时;现在完成时变成过去完成时;一般过去时变成过去完成時;但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。
如:He says, “I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.
Mr smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’t seen you for a long time.”
→Mr smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.
2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序要改变。如:Lin tao said to miss Green, “is it made in china?” →Lin tao asked miss Green if it was made in china.
3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,词序是:连词+主语+谓语。
如:Lucy said to me, “how can I help?” Lucy asked me how she could help.
4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell,ask,order. 如:He said to the little boy,“ come here, young man!”
→He asked the little boy to go there.
5、直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化: