彭敏 杨晋杰 李佩君
【摘要】 目的:探討快速康复护理在膝关节置换术后患者康复锻炼中的应用方法和效果。方法:将笔者所在科室2018年收集的150例人工膝关节置换术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各75例。观察组采用术后快速康复护理的方法和措施,对照组采用常规护理方法和措施,对两组术后的各项指标、疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)、基本生活活动能力(BADL)评定量表、术后满意度进行比较。结果:观察组术后首次下床活动时间(23.28±4.23)h、首次排尿时间(5.26±2.19)h、开始上下楼梯训练时间(5.12±1.10)d、住院时间(7.17±0.34)d,均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后不同时期(7、30、80 d)NRS评分均低于对照组,BADL评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,观察组患者及家属满意度(85.33%)明显高于对照组(64.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人工膝关节置换术后进行快速康复护理能有效地加快患者的康复进程,并且能够减轻患者术后的疼痛程度,能够缩短患者的住院时间,并且有助于术后膝关节各项功能和指标的恢复,提高患者术后的生活质量及满意度。
【关键词】 快速康复护理; 人工膝关节置换术; 康复锻炼
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.18.039 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2019)18-00-03
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the application method and effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in rehabilitation exercise of patients after knee arthroplasty.Method:150 cases of knee arthroplasty patients collected in our department in 2018 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,75 cases in each group.The observation group received rapid rehabilitation nursing after operation,while the control group received routine nursing methods and measures.The postoperative indicators,pain numerical rating scale(NRS),basic activities of daily living(BADL) and postoperative satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The first time to get out of bed(23.28±4.23)h,first urination time(5.26±2.19)h,starting up and down stairs training time(5.12±1.10)d,hospitalization time(7.17±0.34)d after operation in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The NRS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at different time after operation(7,30,80 days),and the BADL score was significantly higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The satisfaction of the observation group after nursing was 85.00%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(65.00%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Rapid rehabilitation nursing after knee arthroplasty can effectively speed up the recovery process of patients,reduce the degree of pain after operation,shorten the hospitalization time of patients,help the recovery of various functions and indicators of knee joint after operation,and improve the quality of life and satisfaction of patients after operation.
【Key words】 Rapid rehabilitation nursing; Artificial knee arthroplasty; Rehabilitation exercise
2.3 两组患者及家属满意度比较
观察组总满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
3 讨论
膝关节骨性关节炎是由软组织病变、骨质增生引起的一种慢性骨关节疾病,是一种临床常见的关节类疾病[6-7]。膝关节骨性关节炎早期表现为间断性阵痛,其发病的主要原因为膝关节退行性病变、外伤、过度劳累等,多见于中老年人群[8]。
本研究表明,护理后观察组首次下床活动时间、首次排尿时间、开始上下楼梯训练时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示将快速康复护理应用于该疾病患者的术后康复治疗能够有效地缩短首次下床活动时间、首次排尿时间、开始上下楼梯训练时间、住院时间。究其原因,快速康复护理是应用科学而有效的方法对人工膝关节置换手术的患者进行康复治疗的一种方法,合理地避免了因传统康复治疗而产生的时间长、效果不明显、患者不满意的情况,通过快速而有效的锻炼,保证在不改变治疗效果的前提下加快术后的康复进程[9]。本研究表明,经快速康复护理后的不同时间,观察组NRS评分均明显低于对照组,BADL评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明对膝关节置换术后的患者应用快速康复护理,能够有效地控制并发症的产生,有效地减轻患者术后疼痛感,能够使患者更加主观的配合术后治疗及康复锻炼,能够快速、有效地提高患者的治疗依从性及主动性,进而提高患者的生活质量[10-12]。本研究表明,观察组总满意度(85.33%)明显高于对照组(64.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明快速康复护理在临床上的实践价值具有更高的优越性。
综上所述,对膝关节置换术后的患者采用快速康复护理疗法,能加速术后患者功能恢复,大大提高患者生活质量,具有较高的临床应用价值,值得广泛应用于临床。
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(收稿日期:2019-01-30) (本文编辑:李盈)