罗斯福与丘吉尔：两头雄狮在咆哮

∷黄红宇 译注

To meet Franklin Roosevelt, “with all his buoyant sparkle, his iridescence,”1. buoyant: 此处为双关语，意为“悬浮的”，引申为“活泼开朗的”；sparkle:此处为双关语，意为“（酒的）起泡沫”，引申为“活力，（才华迸发的）异彩”；iridescence: 彩虹色。Churchill once said, was like “opening a bottle of champagne.” Theirs was an extraordinary comradeship, “forged,” as Churchill put it to Eleanor Roosevelt the day after the president died,2. comradeship: 伙伴关系，（尤指）同志情谊；forge: 锻造；Eleanor Roosevelt:埃莉诺·罗斯福（1884—1962），美国第32任总统富兰克林·罗斯福的妻子。“in the fi re of war.” Between Sept.11, 1939, and April 11, 1945,the two carried on a correspondence that produced nearly 2000 letters, telegrams and memorandums.3. memorandum: 备忘录。这里的背景是：1939年9月1日，德国“闪击”波兰，二战爆发。1945年4月12日，罗斯福总统在二战胜利前夕突发脑溢血去世。From the U.S.S.Augusta in Placentia Bay off Newfoundland in August 1941 to the U.S.S. Quincy off Alexandria, Egypt, in February 1945,4. U.S.S.: United States Ship，美国船；Augusta: 美国“奥古斯塔”号重型巡洋舰；Placentia Bay: 普拉森舍湾；Newfoundland: 纽芬兰，当时为大英帝国自治领土（1949年后加入加拿大联邦）；August 1941: 1941年8月，苏德战争爆发后，美、英迫切需要进一步协调反法西斯战略，罗斯福乘坐“奥古斯塔”号巡洋舰，丘吉尔乘坐“威尔士亲王号”战列舰，在大西洋北部纽芬兰岛普拉森舍湾内会合并举行大西洋会议，签署了《大西洋宪章》；Quincy: 美国“昆西”号重型巡洋舰；Alexandria: 亚历山大港，埃及最重要的海港和第二大城市；February 1945: 1945年2月，罗斯福总统参加完美、英、苏三大盟国制定战后世界新秩序的雅尔塔会议后，乘坐“昆西”号造访埃及亚历山大港，在舰上与丘吉尔进行了最后一次会晤。they spent 113 days together. By war's end Roosevelt and Churchill would celebrate Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's in each other's company, visit Hyde Park and Shangri-La (the retreat in Maryland's Catoctin Mountains that President Eisenhower rechristened Camp David) and once slip away from the press of business to spend a brief holiday in Marrakech, where Roosevelt was carried to the top of a tower to see the rays of the setting ref l ect off the snowcapped Atlas Mountains.5. Hyde Park: 指罗斯福位于纽约海德公园的私产斯普林伍德庄园。1944年9月，罗斯福与丘吉尔在此签署《海德公园备忘录》，确定两国开展更全面的核技术合作；Shangri-La: 二战期间，罗斯福在位于首都华盛顿西北120公里的马里兰州凯托克廷山庄避暑和疗养，并根据英国作家詹姆斯·希尔顿1933年出版的小说《消失的地平线》，为其取名“香格里拉”（藏语，意为“心中的日月”，即“世外桃源”）。罗斯福还开启了邀请外国元首到此做客的先例，第一位贵宾就是丘吉尔；Eisenhower: 艾森豪威尔（1890—1969），美国第34任总统；rechristen: 重新命名；Camp David: 戴维营，美国总统专享的疗养地；Marrakech: 马拉喀什，摩洛哥西部城市，旅游胜地；Atlas Mountains: 阿特拉斯山脉，位于非洲西北部，横跨摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚、突尼斯三国。

丘吉尔曾说过，和富兰克林·罗斯福见面就好像是“在打开一瓶香槟酒，领略他令人开心的气泡和变幻迷离的虹彩”。在罗斯福总统去世翌日，丘吉尔对埃莉诺·罗斯福说：他和总统之间的盟友情谊非同寻常，“是在纷飞战火中锻造出来的”。在1939年9月11日和1945年4月11日之间，这两人之间的通信、电报和备忘录多达近2000份。从1941年8月美国“奥古斯塔”号巡洋舰驶离纽芬兰的普拉森舍湾，到1945年2月美国“昆西”号巡洋舰驶离埃及的亚历山大港，他们在一起度过了113天。在战争结束以前，罗斯福和丘吉尔一起欢度感恩节、圣诞节和元旦，流连于海德公园和香格里拉（位于马里兰州凯托克廷山的疗养所，后来艾森豪威尔总统将其更名为戴维营），还有一次忙中偷闲在摩洛哥的马拉喀什度过了一个短暂的假期，罗斯福被抬到了一座高塔的顶层，观看落日余晖反射在白雪积顶的阿特拉斯山脉的景色。

But it might not have turned out that way. From the German invasion of Poland in 1939 to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt spoke and wrote regularly, though each harbored reservations.Churchill begged for FDR's6. FDR: Franklin Delano Roosevelt（富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福）的简称。help against the Nazis and was frustrated with his failure to engage. Roosevelt was skeptical of Churchill's staying power and had to be convinced Britain as worth American trust and treasure. Even in the immediate aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor, when the U.S.

Congress declared war on Japan, Churchill was eager to cross the Atlantic to confer with FDR, but the American president remained standoffish.7. aftermath:（灾难性事件的）后果；standoffish:（非正式）冷漠的，疏远的。He drafted but did not send two letters suggesting the prime minister wait. “Delay of even a couple of weeks might be advantageous,” one of them said.Yet four days later, when Hitler declared war on the U.S.,Roosevelt came around8. come around: 改变观点，回心转意。. “Delighted to have you here at the White House,” he cabled Downing Street9. Downing Street: （伦敦）唐宁街，英国首相及财政大臣居住的街道名，用来指代英国政府。.

可是历史原本可能有别的走向。从1939年德国入侵波兰到1941年12月7日日本袭击珍珠港这段时期，丘吉尔和罗斯福定期通话和通信，但是各自有所保留。丘吉尔请求罗斯福援助英国抵抗纳粹，对未能得到他的保证感到沮丧。罗斯福则对丘吉尔究竟能掌权多久持怀疑态度，并且必须让自己相信英国值得美国信任和投入巨额财富。即使在珍珠港事件爆发以后不久，美国国会向日本宣战，丘吉尔急于跨越大西洋和罗斯福会面，但这位美国总统仍然态度冷淡。他起草了两封信建议首相再等等。其中一封写道：“延迟哪怕是一两周也可能会有利于大局。”然而还没等信件发出，四天后希特勒就向美国宣战，罗斯福改变了立场。他给唐宁街发电报：“欣然期待您莅临白宫。”

The invitation was the fi rst step in solidifying a friendship that shaped the world as we know it today. For three weeks, the two leaders lived under the same roof at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. There were late-night conversations fueled by war and drink. They broke bread10. break bread (with sb.): （与某人）共餐。daily, courted the press,went to church and even laid a wreath on the tomb of George Washington. Human forces—affection, shared drama and hints of tension—all played a role.

It is easy to be too cynical or too sentimental about the Roosevelt-Churchill friendship. Some historians have argued that the image of Roosevelt and Churchill as friends at work in wartime is in many ways a convenient fi ction, largely created by Churchill in his memoirs in an attempt to build an enduring Anglo-American alliance. Another president and another prime minister, the clinical11. clinical: 冷静的，不带感情的。case continues,would have probably produced the same results in World War II. I think the Roosevelt-Churchill story, however,proves that it does matter who is in power at critical points and that politicians, for all their calculations, deceptions,disagreements and disputes, are not immune to emotions as they lead nations through tumultuous12. tumultuous: 动荡的。times.

发出会晤邀请是巩固友谊的第一步，正是这段友谊塑造了今天的世界格局。连续三个星期，两位领导人住在宾夕法尼亚大道1600号的同一屋檐下。战争和酒点燃了火热的深夜对话。他们每天都一起就餐，追求新闻界的关注，上教堂，甚至还在乔治·华盛顿墓前敬献花圈。人间的各种力量逐一上演，包括亲密的情感、共同营造的戏剧性场面，还有少许的冲突。

关于如何看待罗斯福和丘吉尔的友谊，很容易陷入两个极端，要么过于愤世嫉俗，要么过于感情用事。一些历史学家认为罗斯福和丘吉尔作为战时盟友的形象在很多方面都是出于实用目的的虚构，很大程度上是由丘吉尔在其回忆录中构造的，意图在于建立持久的英美联盟。在这些不动感情的分析家们看来，倘若美国总统和英国首相换了其他人，第二次世界大战的结果很可能不会有什么两样。然而，我认为罗斯福和丘吉尔的故事证明，谁在危急存亡之秋操持国柄确实起到了决定性作用，就算政治家们历来老谋深算、勾心斗角、意见纷纭、争论不休，在率领国家渡过动荡时期的过程中，都难免受到感情的左右。

It was dusk when Churchill and his retinue touched down at Washington National Airport on Dec. 22, 1941.13. retinue:（集合词）随员，扈从； touch down: 降落，着陆。He had spent 10 days in rough seas abroad the Duke of York preparing documents in advance of his time with the American president and was tired when the warship docked at Hampton Roads, Va. Yet the 67-year-old prime minister was also eager to see his host, and so he made his last leg of his trip, 140 miles to the nation's capital,on a U.S. Navy plane. He wired abroad to FDR: “On no account14. on no account: 切勿。come out to meet me.”

Until now, Churchill had been the suitor and Roosevelt the elusive quarry.15. suitor: 请求者，恳求者；elusive:闪避的，无从捉摸的；quarry: 猎物，追求物。But with the U.S. entry into the war and Churchill's arrival on American soil, they were committed partners. Their behavior would ref l ect their public interests and private characters: Roosevelt, with Churchill, would be cheerful and calculating. Churchill,with Roosevelt, would be sentimental and shrewd. In response to Churchill's directive, Roosevelt made the logical choice: He traveled to the airfield, charming Churchill and his entourage.16. directive: 指示；entourage: （集合词）随行人员。

The two leaders, of course, had much to connect them beyond the war and geopolitics. Churchill came from a long line of politicians (he carried a walking stick that had been a gift from Edward VII17. Edward VII: 爱德华七世（1841—1910），维多利亚女王之子，大不列颠和爱尔兰国王（1901—1910年在位）。), while Roosevelt's great-great-grandfather had been one of the ratifiers of the Constitution and had led George Washington's horse in the fi rst inaugural parade.18. ratifier: 正式批准者；inaugural: 就职典礼的。Gallipoli, the disastrous World War I naval attack Churchill engineered, changed his life, while polio,19. Gallipoli: 加利波利战役，是一战期间协约国英法联军与奥斯曼帝国于1915年2月至1916年1月在加利波利半岛进行的战役，以协约国军队惨败告终，战役的倡导者、时任英国海军大臣的丘吉尔几乎因此役断送仕途；polio: 脊髓灰质炎。1921年8月，时年39岁的罗斯福在度假时感染脊髓灰质炎，造成终身残疾，只能依靠轮椅或者拐杖走路，但他凭借顽强的意志重返政坛。which FDR contracted in 1921. pageantry: 盛典，华丽的展示。,changed the president's. They both had democratic instincts and enjoyed eclectic20. eclectic: 兼收并蓄的，五花八门的。company. They loved tobacco, strong drink, history, the sea, battleships,hymns, pageantry21, patriotic poetry, high office and hearing themselves talk. “Being with them was like sitting between two lions roaring at the same time,”said Mary Soames, Churchill's youngest daughter.

1941年12月22日，丘吉尔率随从降落在华盛顿国家机场，正是暮色苍茫时分。他已经在惊涛骇浪的大海上航行了10天，在“约克公爵”号上提前准备与美国总统会面的文件，当军舰停靠在弗吉尼亚州汉普顿路时，他已经非常疲惫。然而67岁的首相迫不及待地想和东道主见面，所以他乘坐美国海军飞机完成了旅行的最后一段，飞行140英里直抵美国首都。在没有进入国境之前，他给罗斯福发电报：“千万不要出来迎接我。”

到此时为止，丘吉尔一直是穷追不舍的猎人，罗斯福则是不断闪避的猎物。但随着美国加入战争和丘吉尔抵达美国本土，他们成为了互相承担义务的合作伙伴。他们的行为既反映了各自代表的公共利益，又折射出彼此的个性：和丘吉尔在一起的时候，罗斯福总是兴致勃勃、老谋深算。和罗斯福在一起的时候，丘吉尔则感情丰富、机敏锐利。对于丘吉尔电报里的指示，罗斯福作出了顺理成章的回应：他亲赴机场，靠个人魅力折服了丘吉尔及其随行人员。

罗斯福

当然，这两位领导人之间的共通点远远超越了战争和地缘政治。丘吉尔出生于显宦世家（他携带的手杖是爱德华七世赠予的礼物），而罗斯福的曾曾祖父曾是宪法的批准者之一，并在乔治·华盛顿的第一届总统就职典礼游行上引导总统的坐骑。加利波利战役是一战期间灾难性的海军进攻战，由丘吉尔一手铸成，这次惨败改变了他的生活；而1921年感染脊髓灰质炎则是罗斯福生命的转折点。两人都有掌握民心向背的直觉，喜欢跟各色人等打交道。两人都喜欢烟草、烈酒、历史、海洋、战舰、赞美诗、盛大庆典、爱国诗歌、高级职位和听自己滔滔不绝地发言。“和他俩在一起，就好像坐在两头同时咆哮的雄狮中间，”丘吉尔的小女儿玛丽·索姆斯说。

The shared sensibility no doubt helped foster their friendship and guide their White House working sessions. There was a vocal school in the U.S. that thought America's central focus should be Japan,22. vocal: 直言不讳的，激烈表达意见的；school:（观点）派别。not Germany. That Japan would consume Roosevelt worried Churchill, and during the crossing from Britain,he had composed three papers that laid out his strategic vision: North Africa and the Middle East would be secured in 1942; the Allies must build naval strength in the Pacific; Germany would be bombed; and, in 1943,there would be Anglo-American landings in “three or four” of the countries from a pool of Norway, Denmark,Holland, Belgium, France, Italy and Balkans.

在感性方面的共通点无疑有助于培养他们的友谊，并指导他们在白宫的工作会晤。在美国有一种声音，认为美国的战略核心应该集中于日本，而不是德国。丘吉尔担心日本会耗尽罗斯福的精力，在从英国横跨大洋来访美的路途上，他撰写了三篇文章，阐述了自己的战略愿景：北非和中东的战局将在1942年稳定下来；盟军必须在太平洋建立海军优势；德国将受到轰炸；在1943年，英美联军将登陆挪威、丹麦、荷兰、比利时、法国、意大利和巴尔干半岛当中的“三四个”国家。

Roosevelt and his generals, it turned out, were thinking along the same lines. In spite of the attack on Pearl Harbor,they thought Hitler represented the most significant long-term threat and wanted to take the fi ght to France, directly across the English Channel. “It was assumed… that Germany had far greater potential than Japan in productive power and scientific genius,” noted Robert Sherwood, FDR's speechwriter. “And if given time to develop this during years of stalemate23. stalemate: 僵局，相持。in Europe, would prove all the more difficult if not impossible to defeat.” It would be Hitler fi rst, Tojo24. (Hideki) Tojo: 东条英机（1884—1948），日本第40任首相（1941—1944年在任），侵华战争和发动太平洋战争的主要战犯之一。after.

Churchill took up residency in the Rose Suite, and he and FDR quickly settled into a comfortable routine. On his fi rst full day in the White House, Churchill wandered the grounds alone, in a pair of blue denim coveralls and with a big cigar in his mouth.25. denim: （通常为靛蓝色，用来做牛仔裤的）粗斜纹棉布；coveralls: 连衣裤，工装裤。At lunch, he and FDR lunched at the president's trinket-strewn desk, and in the afternoon, Roosevelt, once the top editor ofTheHarvard Crimson, and Churchill, a former war reporter, appeared side by side in a press conference that displayed their media savvy.26. trinket: 小装饰品，零碎小物件；strew: 布满；The Harvard Crimson:《哈佛深红报》，哈佛大学的学生日报，创办于1873年；savvy: 见识，智慧。

At 4 p.m., Churchill, in a black coat and blue-and-white polka-dot bow tie, positioned himself to Roosevelt's right,behind the crowded desk, a wire basket of papers and a silver thermos of water just before him. Roosevelt, for his part, wore patrician gray pin-stripes and smoked a cigarette in an ivory holder.27. patrician: 贵族的；pin-stripes: 细条纹。Before the questions got underway, FDR encouraged the 5'6'' prime minister to stand on a chair so the room of reporters could see him, and Churchill gamely obliged,28. get underway: 开始，启动；gamely:勇敢地，兴致勃勃地；oblige: 效劳，遵命。waving his cigar at the crowd. The president kicked things off29. kick off: （足球比赛中）开球，（喻）（使）开始。.

事实证明，罗斯福和他的将军们有着同样的思路。尽管遭受了珍珠港偷袭，他们仍然认为希特勒代表了最重要的长期威胁，并希望跨越英吉利海峡将战斗延伸到法国。罗斯福的演讲撰稿人罗伯特·舍伍德指出：“人们认为……德国在生产力和科学天才方面的潜力远大于日本。”“如果在欧洲陷入战略相持阶段的几年里德国有充足的时间发展这个，那么即使它不是不可战胜的，要战胜它也会难上加难。”解决希特勒是第一要务，东条英机是次要的。

丘吉尔在玫瑰套房居住，他和罗斯福很快就建立起让双方都感到舒适的工作日程。在白宫度过的第一个整日，丘吉尔独自在庭园里徘徊，穿着一身蓝色牛仔布连衣裤工作服，嘴里叼着一支大雪茄。午餐时间，他和罗斯福在总统摆满小饰品的桌子上共进午餐；下午，罗斯福和丘吉尔并肩出现在媒体发布会上，前者曾经是《哈佛深红报》的主编，后者当过战争记者，发布会展现出两人驾驭媒体的本领。

下午四点，丘吉尔穿着黑色外套，打着蓝白相间的波尔卡圆点领结，坐在罗斯福右首的拥挤的桌子后面，面前摆着一个铁丝制成的纸篓和一个银色的热水瓶。罗斯福则穿着贵族灰的细条纹西装，用象牙烟斗抽香烟。在问题开始之前，罗斯福鼓励五英尺六英寸高的首相站在椅子上，以便满屋子的记者都可以看到他，丘吉尔欣然从命，向人群挥舞着雪茄。总统宣布发布会开始。

“Go ahead and shoot,” Roosevelt said to the reporters.

“Mr. Prime Minister, isn't Singapore30. Singapore: 1941年12月8日，日军开始入侵马来半岛（史称马来亚战役），下一步目标直指英国重要据点新加坡，为今后进攻荷属东印度（今印尼）建立前进基地。the key to the whole situation out there?”

“The key to the whole situation is the resolute manner in which the British and American democracies are going to throw themselves into the conf l ict.”

“Mr. Minister, could you tell us what you think of conditions within Germany—the morale?”

“Well, I have always been feeling that one of these days we might get a windfall31. get a windfall: 发意外横财。windfall指被风吹落的果实，引申为“意外之财”。coming from that quarter, but I don't think we ought to count on it…”

“Do you think the war is turning in our favor in the last month or so?”

“I can't describe the feelings of relief with which I found Russia victorious32. Russia victorious: 1941年12月初，莫斯科保卫战中的苏联红军由防御转入反攻，取得了苏德战争爆发以来的首次大捷。, the United States and Great Britain standing side by side. It is incredible to anyone who has lived through the lonely months of 1940. It is incredible. Thank God.”

The duo's stagecraft did not go unobserved.33. duo: 一对表演搭档；stagecraft: 舞台表演技巧。In the coverage of the day's events, the media suggested FDR and Churchill were helping transform how the story of politics was told in the middle of the 20th century. ObservedTheWashington Star: “Two great statesmen-showmen,sharing the star parts in a world drama that will be read and studied for centuries to come, played a sparkling and unique scene at the White House yesterday. They were President Roosevelt, debonair and facile as usual, and Britain's Prime Minister Churchill, jaunty and ruddy.”34. debonair: （男子）风流倜傥的，开朗自信的；facile: 口齿流利的；jaunty: 满怀信心的；ruddy:（脸色）健康红润的。The atmosphere in the office,TheStarwrote, was“electric.”

“可以拍摄了，”罗斯福对记者们说。

“首相先生，新加坡不是整个远东局势的关键吗？”

“整个局势的关键是英国和美国两个民主国家以坚定不移的决心投身到战斗中去。”

“首相先生，能告诉我们您对德国境内局势的看法吗——士气怎么样？”

“这个嘛，我一直觉得没准儿哪天我们会在那个地方撞上好运气，但我认为我们不应该指望这个……”

“您是否认为战局在过去一个月左右开始变得对我们有利？”

“当我发现苏俄打了胜仗、美国和英国站在一边的时候，那种如释重负的心情，我简直无法描述。对于那些经历过1940年孤立无援的日子的人来说，这是令人难以置信的。真是令人难以置信。感谢上帝。”

双人秀的舞台表演艺术被媒体捕捉到了。在当天的事件报道中，媒体提出罗斯福和丘吉尔改变了20世纪中叶政治报道的方式。《华盛顿星报》评述：“两位伟大的政治家兼表演家，在一场世界级的戏剧中共同担纲主角，这出大戏在未来的几个世纪都将被反复阅读和研究。昨天他俩就在白宫上演了才华横溢和独一无二的一幕。他俩是罗斯福总统，一如既往地风流倜傥、口齿流利，还有英国首相丘吉尔，总是信心十足、红光满面。”《星报》写道，办公室里的气氛“如同通电一般激动人心”。

Meals were lively, with British guests mingling with Roosevelt cousins, and conversation contentious or intimate. One night, Roosevelt and Churchill debated the Boer War35. Boer War:（第二次）布尔战争（1899—1902），是英国同荷兰移民后裔布尔人建立的德兰士瓦共和国和奥兰治自由邦为争夺南非领土和资源而进行的战争，又称“南非战争”。, the conf l ict in which the Boers in South Africa rose up against their British masters. Roosevelt, who had supported the Boers when he was at Harvard, and Churchill, a veteran of those very battles, sparred36. spar: 争论。for a time before the conversation turned personal, after FDR volunteered that he had been disappointed at Harvard. He had not been as popular or as successful as he would have liked to have been, culminating in the snub by Porcellian,37. culminate: 以……告终；snub: 冷落，怠慢；Porcellian: 坡斯廉俱乐部（Porcellian Club），哈佛大学的精英男生社团，成立于1791年。罗斯福曾说，读大二时没有被选中加入该俱乐部“是一生中最让他失望的事情”。Harvard's exclusive all-male club, which declined to extend an invitation to the future leader of the free world.“When I hear a man say that his childhood was the happiest time of his life,” Churchill growled38. growl: 低沉地怒吼，粗鲁地说出。in response as he took a puff at his cigar, “I think, my friend, you have had a pretty poor life.”

聚餐的气氛也很活泼，英国客人与罗斯福的同僚们混坐在一起，谈话既不失锋芒，又亲密无间。一天晚上，罗斯福和丘吉尔就布尔战争进行了辩论，布尔战争是南非布尔人奋起反抗英国殖民者的冲突。罗斯福在哈佛大学就读时曾经支持过布尔人，而丘吉尔正是参加这些战役的英国老兵，罗斯福和丘吉尔争论了一会儿，然后谈话开始转向个人经历。罗斯福主动承认对哈佛生活感到失望。在那儿他没有像自己所希望的那样广受欢迎或者大获成功，尤其是受到哈佛大学的精英全男生俱乐部“坡斯廉”的冷落，这个俱乐部拒绝邀请这位未来的自由世界领袖入会。“当我听到一个男人说童年是他一生中最快乐的时光时，”丘吉尔喷出一口雪茄烟，粗鲁地回应道：“我忍不住要想，我的朋友，你这辈子活得可确实不咋地。”

It was a remarkable exchange: Roosevelt confiding, in mixed company, in Churchill; Churchill, who had long been forced to reimagine his childhood, striking a pugnacious39. pugnacious: 好斗的。pose in the face of an emotional confession. That Roosevelt was able to reveal something of his true feelings signaled his comfort with Churchill, and Churchill's bullish40. bullish: （像公牛一样）顽固的，愚蠢的。response was at heart affectionate. Life, Churchill was saying, was what happened when you grew up, not when you were growing up. That conviction was how he had coped, surviving his father's displeasure and his mother's occasional neglect, and now he passed the counsel along to his friend.

The following day was Churchill's triumphant address to Congress, where he spoke about the long history connecting the British and the Americans, and between his own parents,Jennie Spencer-Churchill, an American-born socialite41. socialite: 社会名流。,and Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill, a British statesman. Had it been the other way around, he quipped42. quip: 说俏皮话，口出妙语。,“I might have got here on my own.”

Churchill knew he was complex and difficult, but he was able to show why his peacetime fault of bullheadedness43. bullheadness: 顽固，倔强。was a wartime gift. He had found in Washington, he said,“an Olympian fortitude which…44. Olympian: 强有力的，令人惊叹的；fortitude: 坚韧不拔，刚毅。is only the mask of an inf l exible purpose and the proof of a sure and well-grounded confidence in the fi nal outcome. We in Britain had the same feeling in our darkest days.” As he concluded, Churchill turned and fl ashed his “V for Victory” sign. “The effect was instantaneous, electric,”TheWashington Postreported. He left as he entered, with cheers that swelled into roar.

这是一次奇异的谈话：罗斯福在有各色人等参加的社交场合向丘吉尔倾吐隐衷；长期以来，丘吉尔一直被迫重新构想自己的童年，在面对触动情感的自白时，他表现出一种好斗的姿势。罗斯福能够吐露自己的某些真实情感，标志着他和丘吉尔在一起感到很自在，丘吉尔的回应听似莽撞冒失，本质上却是温情脉脉的。丘吉尔的意思是，人生历程是你成年以后发生的事情，而不是你成长过程中发生的事情。这种信念支撑他挺过了父亲的愠怒和母亲偶尔的疏忽，现在他将这条忠告传授给了自己的朋友。

接下来的日子，丘吉尔的国会致辞大获成功，他谈到了英美两国人民交往的悠久历史，以及他本人父母之间的历史，他母亲是美国出生的社交名媛珍妮·斯潘塞-丘吉尔，父亲则是英国政治家伦道夫·亨利·斯潘塞-丘吉尔勋爵。他调侃道，如果把父母的国籍调换一下，“那么我可能也是诸位当中的一员了。”

丘吉尔知道自己毁誉参半、难以相处，但是他能够证明为什么他在和平时期冥顽不化的缺陷在战争时期却是天赋异禀。他说，他在华盛顿发现了一种“令人惊叹的坚韧……它蕴含了坚贞不屈的意志，证明了对于最终结果坚定不移的、拥有充分理由的信念。即使是在最黑暗的日子里，我们英国人也抱有同样的情怀。”丘吉尔讲完后，转过身去，亮出了他标志性的“V字（代表胜利）”手势。《华盛顿邮报》报道称：“效果是立竿见影的，像电流一般激动人心。”他的离场和进场一样，激起了山呼海啸的欢呼声。

They rarely wasted time. Even on New Year's Day, between meals and socializing,Roosevelt and Churchill adopted Declaration by United Nations,a kind of successor documents to The Atlantic Charter45. The Atlantic Charter: 《大西洋宪章》，1941年8月14日由罗斯福与丘吉尔签署的联合宣言，标志英美两国在反法西斯基础上的政治联盟，也是后来《联合国宪章》的基础。,affirming that the Allies were fi ghting because they were “convinced that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence,and religious freedom.” The document was signed that night, in the Oval study46. Oval study: 椭圆形办公室书房（Oval Office Study），坐落在白宫西翼，毗邻椭圆形办公室（总统日常办公和会见来宾的地方）。, fi rst be Roosevelt, then Churchill, then the Soviet and Chinese envoys.

Soon Churchill's visit drew to a close, and for his last night in Washington, he dined with just Roosevelt and Hopkins47. Harry Hopkins: 哈里·霍普金斯（1890—1946），罗斯福总统最亲近的幕僚之一。. There were document to initial, and the three friends lingered an hour beyond the prime minister's scheduled departure time, and reality weighted on them. It would be by their orders that men would die. When Churchill signed a copy of his bookThe River Warfor Roosevelt, his salutation captured the burden of ultimate command: “Inscribed for President Franklin D. Roosevelt by Winston S. Churchill… In rough times January 1942.” Roosevelt's parting words struck the same note. “Trust me,” the president said,“to the bitter end48. to the bitter end: 拼到底。.”They would see the “rough times” through—side by side.

时间他们抓得很紧。即使是在元旦那天，在三餐和社交活动的间隙，罗斯福和丘吉尔仍然通过了《联合国共同宣言》，这是《大西洋宪章》的某种后续文件，确认了盟军正在战斗，因为他们“确信彻底战胜他们的敌人对于捍卫生命、自由、独立和宗教自由至关重要。”文件当晚在美国总统的椭圆形办公室书房签署，罗斯福首先签字，然后是丘吉尔，接下来是苏联和中国的使节。

不久，丘吉尔的访问行将结束，在华盛顿的最后一晚，他只与罗斯福和霍普金斯共进晚餐。有文件需要签署，三位盟友把首相的预定出发时间往后延迟了一个小时，现实沉甸甸地压在每个人心头。要实施他们签署的命令，很多人将会命丧黄泉。当丘吉尔将他的著作《河之战》题赠给罗斯福时，他的赠词表现了终极命令所带来的心理负担：“1942年1月的艰难时世……由温斯顿·S. 丘吉尔题赠富兰克林·D. 罗斯福总统。”罗斯福的离别致辞表达出同样的情绪。总统说： “相信我，我会血战到底。”他们会肩并肩共克“时艰”。