诗画浙江现身北京世园会

施雯?谢力

“山寺月中寻桂子，郡亭枕上看潮头。”古往今来，浙江的山水景色屡屡出现在文人骚客的诗词篇章之中。林木葱郁、兰蕙飘香，这般灵动温婉的诗画浙江，如今能在一个地方看个够了。

中国北京世界园艺博览会（简称北京世园会）4月29日在北京市延庆区开幕，将持续至10月7日。其中，历时近10个月建造的浙江园，以“浙人家”为题，展现了一幅看得见山、望得见水、记得住乡愁的美好画卷。

有山有水有人家，园区充满浙江元素

2019年北京世园会是继1999年昆明世园会、2010年上海世博会和2018年上海国际进口博览会之后，我国举办的级别最高、规模最大的国际性博览会。

园区总面积960公顷，分为核心景观区、世界园艺展示区、中华园艺展示区、生活园艺展示区、自然生态展示区以及教育与未来展示区。目前，该展会已有110个国家、国际组织和我国31个省区市、港澳台地区等参展，是历届参展国家和国际组织最多的一届世园会。

浙江园总面积4200平方米，建造历时近10个月，仅次于北京园、河北园，地处核心位置。西入口处有一枚石雕印章“浙江园”，这是提炼石鼓篆书第一人、西泠印社首任社长吴昌硕先生的书法作品打造而成。

“这山这水浙如画，这乡这愁浙人家”。这是园林设计师卢山最初的设计理念，而这个想法的灵感来源于一幅国宝级名画——《富春山居图》。

作为中国十大传世名画之一的《富春山居图》，是元代画家黄公望创作的纸本水墨画。他细致地描绘了富春江两岸的山水景色，恰巧定格了这片山水在后人心中的容颜。

浙江园主入口便是一组《富春山居图》的照壁。搭配这组照壁的，是一幅浙江版图的地刻。这里盘踞着钱塘江、瓯江、椒江、甬江、苕溪、大运河、飞云江、鳌江八条长龙，坐落着杭州西湖、绍兴东湖、嘉兴南湖、宁波东钱湖四大名湖和全省最大人工湖泊千岛湖，寓意浙江物华天宝;这里还贯穿着各大山脉，天目山、会稽山、天台山、大盘山、雁荡山等，秀山美景入画入心。

“浙人家”开门迎客，秋天迎来桂花飘香

浙江园总设计师卢山及其团队为游客们设计了两条游览线——

一条从入口进来之后向山上走，体验登高望远，感受山林景观的游览过程。

一条从庭院路线走，感受行走江浙家宅的体验。院落建筑以浙派民居为原型，在设计时，卢山选取了明清时期的建筑形态，粉墙黛瓦。庭院巧用茶田、竹林、石斛墙、古井等景观元素，意图打造兼具地域气质与时代气息的美好生活情境。院落的一层由茶艺展示区、会客区、书房等组成，游客可以在此品茶、书法、闲谈、小憩，以及欣赏曲艺表演。

值得一提的是，民居内的会客厅里，摆放着一套中式沙发，看来像木头的材质，其实是竹子做的，这种材料叫重竹。省林业局工作人员说，港珠澳大桥的海上观景平台，采用的就是浙江制造的重竹地板。

除了别具匠心的园林造景设计，浙江园内还有600余种植物。这些植物从浙江本地运送到北京，大多是浙江特色的品种。比如，浙江本土植物南方红豆杉、普陀鹅耳枥、天目铁木、安息香、银缕梅等国家一级重点保护植物，具有“活化石”之称的金钱松、银杏、秤锤树等国家二级保护树种。

作为浙江杭州、衢州、台州的市花，桂花这次也尽展魅力。浙江园选用了硬叶丹桂、玉玲珑、天香台阁、橙红丹桂、波叶金桂、天女散花、偃虹桂、杭州黄、晚银桂等一批具有观赏价值高或具有浙江自主知识产权的桂花品种。

估计在8月底9月初，也就是桂花的最佳观赏期，浙江园将满是馥郁清甜的桂香。

四时花卉轮番亮相，指尖技艺致敬传统

三月间，桃花春水，烟柳画桥，中国水墨画的气息扑面而来;盛夏，舟山群岛百花盛开，有花团锦簇的绣球，藤藤蔓蔓的铁线莲和大串的紫藤;秋日里的富春江层林尽染，“霜叶红于二月花”的红枫、红彤彤的南天竹、色彩绚烂的桂花，勾勒如诗画卷;冬天，“天目第一峰”龙王山白雪皑皑，红彤彤的美国冬青，大朵的茶花，在白雪映衬下分外妖娆。

这富有诗意的四季美景都在浙江馆内馆里一一上演。

内馆展示了浙江400件名、特、优花卉园艺产品，包括盆栽（盆花、观叶植物、组合盆栽）、盆景、艺术插花、鲜切花、干花等。其中，有独具特色的浙派盆景、浙派插花，稀有的兰花品种，林下特色药用植物铁皮石斛，以及一批拥有自主知识产权的蝴蝶兰、兜兰、南天竹、杜鹃、睡莲、荷花等园艺品种。

而浙江博物馆馆藏文物、浙江河姆渡文化遗址出土的“五叶纹陶块”，也以复制品的形式来到浙江馆——在这一长方形框上，刻有五叶纹栽培植物，五片叶子刻划粗壮，生意盎然，姿态生动。这种五叶形纹饰，在新石器时代的装饰中，极为罕见。以此可以窥见，远在六七千年前，浙江先民已开始盆栽植物，这也是人类植物栽培、园林艺术起源的最直接印证。

一方水土养育一方人。浙江山水给浙江人民留下了富庶的生活印记，也留下了不朽的文化。端午期间，不少江浙流域神奇的指尖技艺也将纷纷亮相北京世园会，揭开传承千年的秘密。除了好看好玩的，还有各种好吃的——

6月6日，有瓯乐、茶舞、太极等文艺演出及非遗展演;

6月7日，浙江园将举办包括丝绸（含绫绢）、湖笔、竹编等在内的湖州地方特色非遗展示等;

6月8日，世园会草坪剧场有《牡丹亭韻》《剑魂瓷韵》等的全天滚动表演，还有龙泉青瓷拉肧、畲族彩带编织、遂昌长粽制作等。

（本文图片摄影：董旭明）

Zhejiang Presents Horticultural Beauty and Wisdom in Expo 2019

By Shi Wen， Xie Li

Expo 2019 Beijing， a world horticultural exposition presented by the Bureau International des Expositions， gives Zhejiang a rare opportunity to feature the provinces horticultural beauty， wisdom， culture and history to the world.

Zhejiang is widely known as a flora treasure house of China. The earliest floral cultivation can be traced to the Hemudu Culture of 7，000 years ago， as testified by a pottery piece unearthed at an archaeological site in eastern Zhejiang. The known history of orchid cultivation goes back to the present-day Shaoxing more than 2，000 years ago in the Spring & Autumn Period. In the Southern Song Dynasty （1127-1279）， there were floral farmers and floral markets in Zhejiang. The dynasty also saw the publishing of some academic books on flower planting and cultivation. Today， the province leads China in having 16 certified forest cities and is one of Chinas biggest producers of flowers and seedlings.

No wonder Zhejiang Garden is the third largest garden on the 960-hectare site of Expo 2019 Beijing， after Beijing Garden and Hebei Garden. The 4，200-square-meter Zhejiang Garden is located in the core area of the site. At the west entrance to Zhejiang Garden stands a stone seal bearing Zhejiang Garden in three Chinese characters. The three characters are engraved in the calligraphic style of Wu Changshuo （1844-1927）， the first director of Xiling Seal Art Society and prominent artist of painting and calligraphy of the early 20th-century China.

The screen wall at the main entrance to Zhejiang Garden presents a part of ， an ink painting created by Huang Gongwang， a master artist of the Yuan Dynasty （1279-1368）. Into the entrance is a huge relief map of Zhejiang engraved on the ground， showing major geographic characteristics and tourism attractions such as rivers， lakes， and mountain ranges.

Tourists can take two separate routes to look around Zhejiang Garden. The first route is about landscape. One can follow steps to the top of a small hill and take a commanding view of trees and flowers around. Another route goes through a magnificent building in the traditional architectural style seen in the Ming and the Qing dynasties in Zhejiang. This building is surrounded by tea groves and bamboos. Visitors can sit inside to enjoy a cup of tea， watch entertainment shows， and see calligraphers demonstrate their penmanship.

It is worth mentioning that there is a set of bamboo sofa in the living room. The bamboo used to make the sofa is known as heavy bamboo. Only five-year-old bamboo can be used for making furniture. The heavy-bamboo floorboards made in Zhejiang can be found in the viewing platforms of the 55-kilometer-long Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. The processed five-year-old bamboo feels and looks like wood and is strong enough to stand the corrosive tear and wear of the sea climate in the south. Nowadays， bamboo furniture making in Anji purchase raw bamboos from farmers within Zhejiang and from neighboring Jiangxi and Fujian. The industry benefits 100，000 bamboo farmers in the three provinces.

In addition to the landscape and garden design， Zhejiang Garden boasts over 600 species of plants from across the province. Shipped from Zhejiang to Beijing， these species include some rare and precious ones inscribed on a list of trees under national protection. Nine species of sweet chrysanthemum， the city tree of Hangzhou， Quzhou and Taizhou respectively， play a prominent part in Zhejiang Garden. It is expected to see all of them bloom in late August or early September.

Inside the main house of Zhejiang Garden is a floral exhibition featuring 400 potted flowers， ornamental plants such as cut flowers and flower arrangement. The exhibition showcases the authentic Zhejiang style in everything done to make flowers and plants look wonderful and life beautiful. The centerpiece of the floral exhibition is a replica of the unearthed pottery piece showing a potted plant with five leaves. The original piece， a fragmentary piece excavated in 1977 at a site of the Hemudu Culture， measures 19.5 cm in height， 18 cm in width and 5.7 in thickness. This precious pottery shard directly evidences the origin of plant cultivation and gardening of human civilization.

Zhejiang Garden is more than a showpiece of trees and flowers and architectural style. It runs a schedule of shows and demonstrations throughout the six months of 2019 Expo Beijing. Around Duanwu Festival in June alone， there will be entertainment shows. Craftspeople will present objects made with techniques and skills identified as intangible cultural heritages. Moreover， they will also demonstrate the skills and techniques which they learned from old-generation masters and which they are determined to carry on to future.