高考真题演练

李华军 舒清海

這类试题在全国卷中偶尔会出现，题干中常含有come from或take from。解答这类题时要根据文章内容、文体特征或某些关键词去推断。

全国卷真题演练

阅读下列选段，从每题所给的A， B， C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries， strawberries are highest in vitamin C， although， because of their seeds， raspberries contain a little more protein（蛋白质）， iron and zinc（not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants （抗氧化物质）. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries（樱桃）， they are so delicious. Who cares？ However， they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits， frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick， cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose， select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks， depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

1. What does the author seem to like about cherries？

A. They contain protein.

B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.

D. They are rich in antioxidants.

2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？

A. To make them smell better.

B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening.

D. To improve their nutrition.

3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？

A. A dessert.                     B. A drink.

C. A container.                   D. A machine.

4. From which is the text probably taken？

A. A biology textbook.               B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper.                 D. A travel brochure.

（2013年全国课标Ⅰ卷） They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert（警觉）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another， this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other， her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus—until a third， with three black spots， is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three， just 24 hours after coming into the world？

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer？ The same experiment， but with three spots shown before two， shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness？ When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects（a comb， a key， an orange and so on）， changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make， as opposed to three？ No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three， or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同樣地） when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

1. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys _______.

A. sense of hearing                 B. sense of sight

C. sense of touch                   D. sense of smell

2. Babies are sensitive to the change in _______.

A. the size of cards              B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns        D. the number of objects

3. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats？

A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B. To see how babies recognize sounds.

C. To carry their experiment further.

D. To keep the babies interest.

4. Where does this text probably come from？

A. Science fiction.                B. Childrens literature.

C. An advertisement.             D. A science report.

（2012年全國课标卷）Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to？ Try some of these places：

Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces， traveling exhibits， book signings（签名）by childrens favorite writers， and even musical performances and other arts.

Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur  models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also， ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.

Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet（木偶）making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.

Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons， experimenting， and building. When everyone is tired， enjoy a fun family science show， commonly found in these museums.

1. If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit _______.

A. a Youtheater                  B. an art museum

C. a natural history museum   D. a hands-on science museum

2. What can kids do at a Youtheater？

A. Look at rock collections.        B. See dinosaur models.

C. Watch puppet making.           D. Give performances.

3. What does“hands-on science”mean in the last paragraph？

A. Science games designed by kids.

B. Learning science by doing things.

C. A show of kids science work.

D. Reading science books.

4. Where does this text probably come from？

A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map.

C. A museum guide.   D. A news report.

（2013年全國大纲卷）The oldest and most common source （来源） of renewable energy known to man， biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere——from trees and grasses to agricultural and city——life wastes——biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.

According to the Union of Concerned Scientists（UCS）， biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）， because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned， it gives off the suns energy. In this way， biomass serves as a sort of natural battery（电池） for storing the suns energy. As long as biomass is produced continuously——with only as much grown as is used——the “battery” lasts forever.

According to the Energy Information Administration， biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007， making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply. In 2008——although the numbers arent all in yet——wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.

Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowners money， but it also produces a lot of pollution. So， the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.

1. Why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？

A. It burns merely plant matter.

B. It keeps producing electricity.

C. It stores the energy from the sun.

D. It produces zero carbon dioxide.

2. We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.

A. wind power would be the leader of renewable energy

B. there was a rapid growth of electricity production

C. biomass might become the main energy source

D. 0.5～0.9% of power supply came from biomass

3. Why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass？

A. To prevent the waste of energy.

B. To increase production safety.

C. To reduce pollution.

D. To save money.

4. Where does the text probably come from？

A. A research plan.     B. A science magazine.

C. A book review.    D. A business report.

各省卷真题演练

（2008年天津卷C篇）Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark.

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.

Lauren Smith， 24， is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure.

If her studies prove the theory， scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.

Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.

She then used their close relatives， lesser spotted dogfish， for further research at Aberdeen University.

Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.

Miss Smith said： “Ive always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”

“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know theres so much more we need to understand —but it certainly opens the way to more research.”

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas， Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature， while also tracking them using GPS（Global Positioning System） technology.

In Aberdeen， she was able to study the effects of tidal （潮汐的） and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic（模擬） oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.

She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.

1. Where does the passage most probably come from？

A. A short-story collection.

B. A popular science magazine.

C. A research paper.

D. A personal diary.

2. What do we learn from the first four paragraphs of the passage？

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.

B. Sharks behaviour can be controlled.

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.

3. Lauren Smith conducted her research by __________.

A. removing hair cells from a sharks balance system

B. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts

C. recording sharks body temperature

D. monitoring sharks reaction to weather changes

4. What is the passage mainly about？

A. A popular way of forecasting weather.

B. A new research effort in predicting storms.

C. Biologists interest in the secrets of sharks.

D. Lauren Smiths devotion to scientific research.

（2013年安徽卷）The Healthy Habits Survey（調查）shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday？

·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.

·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes， at least twice a day.

2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday？

·Finding：Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.

·Step：We touch our faces around 3， 000 times a day—often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth， nose， and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And， most important， wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.

3. How often do you think about fighting germs？

·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.

·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else？ To kill these germs， keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.

1. What is found out American seniors？

A. Most of them have good habits.

B. Nearly 30% of then bathe three days a week.

C. All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D. About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day

2. How many times do doctors suggest people wash their hands each day？

A. Twice a day.                         B. Three times a day.

C. Four times a day.                D. Eight times a day.

3. Which of the following is true according to the text ？

A. We should keep from touching our faces.

B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C. A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

4. Where does the text probably come from？

A. A guide book.          B. A popular magazine.

C. A book review.         D. An official document.

（2010年遼宁卷）On May 23，1989， Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad， New Mexico. She hadnt seen the sun for eighteen and a half weeks. Stefania was in a research program， and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms（节奏）. In this experiment Stefania had spent 130 days in a cave， 30 feet in depth.

During her time in the cave， Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. Her living place had been very comfortable， but there had been nothing to tell her the time. Shed had no clocks or watches， no television or radio. There had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at 21℃.

The results were very interesting. Stefania had been in the cave for over four months， but she thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had changed. She hadnt kept to a 24-hour day， she had stayed awake for 20-25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost 17 1bs in weight as a result！ She had also become rather depressed.

How had she spent her time in the cave？ As part of the experiment shed done some physical and mental tests. Shed recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free， shed played cards， read books and listened to music. Shed also learned French from tapes.

The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. For example， the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However， people are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5：00 am， but others dont start to wake up till 9：00 or 10：00 am. This affects the whole daily rhythm. As a result， the early risers are at their best in the late morning. The late risers， on the other hand， are tired during the day and only come to life in the afternoon or evening！

1. Why did Stefania stay in the cave for a long time？

A. She was asked to do research on mice.

B. She wanted to experience loneliness.

C. She was the subject of a study.

D. She needed to record her life.

2. What is a cause for the change of Stefanias body clock？

A. Eating fewer meals.

B. Having more hours of sleep.

C. Lacking physical exercise.

D. Getting no natural light.

3. Where does the text probably come from？

A. A novel.                  B. A news story.

C. A pet magazine.        D. A travel guide.

（2011年四川卷）The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（數字化）of everyday life.

Set to open in 2013， the ￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre， with which it will share some equipment.

As digital media（媒介）is important to its idea， the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.

Brian Gambles， the LoB project director， says it is about giving people the right tools for learning： “The aim is to mix the physical with the digital， providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people， more effectively.”

The digital library will， he says， be as important as the physical one， allowing the distant use of the services， making sure that it is never closed to the public.

Even before the LoB is complete， the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual（虚拟的）LoB， designed by Baden， the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB， but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.

Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat， a digital design company， is developing what it calls an example of an“enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone， an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The Peoples Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots， in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.

Gambles says：“Technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as never before.”

1. The underline part“its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____________.

A. the equipment              B. the project

C. the digital media           D. the physical library

2. While visiting the Virtual LoB， the public can__________.

A. get a general idea of the LoB

B. meet many world-famous experts

C. learn how to put up a library building

D. understand how the specialists work on the project

3. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens？

a. It offers better learning tools.

b. It reaches users in different ways.

c. It provides users with smart phones.

d. It allows users to enrich its material.

e. It gives non-stop physical and digital services.

A. a，b，d           B. a，c，e           C. b，c，d           D. b，d，e

4. Where is the text most probably taken from？

A. A computer book.                B. A library guide.

C. A project handbook.             D. A newspaper report.

（2009年遼宁卷）A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean， leaving airport hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.

Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川）of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it， which then forms a layer（层）of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano， keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier， the pressure lifts. The lava（岩浆）from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.

Now， airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM， one of Europes biggest airlines， airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplanes engines， causing damage to the plane.

The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp， glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered grass or the sharp objects.

1. What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes？

A. It is below ice.

B. It lies under the sea.

C. It is the largest volcano.

D. Its lava affects the airlines.

2. What keeps Grimsvotn still？

A. The slow flow of water.

B. The low water temperature.

C. The thick glacier.

D. The water pressure.

3. Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption？

A. People stop traveling in Europe.

B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.

C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.

D. Farmers have lost many of their animals.

4. Where is this text most probably taken from？

A. A research paper.

B. A newspaper report.

C. A class presentation.

D. A geography textbook.

参考答案与解析

（一）本文是健康饮食类说明文。作者主要介绍了各种莓类和核类水果营养丰富以及和冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的两种不同食用方法：果昔和软冰淇淋。

1. C 观点态度题。由题干中的cherries定位到第二段倒数第二、三句。由“As for cherries， they are so delicious. Who cares？”可知，樱桃非常美味，故选C项。该项They have a pleasant taste与文中they are so delicious同义。

2. B 细节理解题。由题干中的lemon juice可定位到第三段倒数第二句“If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”，由此可知，选B项。该项keep their colour（使其保持不变色）与prevent them turning brown （阻止它们变成褐色）同义。

3. D 推理判断题。由划线词本身可知在第四段，根据“If you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. （将冰冻香蕉和一些莓类水果或水果切片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品，可以马上饮用。）”可推知，juicer指的是榨汁机。故选D项，而且下句“they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine”可进一步印证。

4. B 推断文章出处。从第一段中的berries and stone fruits和nutritional可知，本文是讲草莓和核果的营养成分的。第二段介绍各种莓类和核果所含具体营养成分。第三段讲冰冻香蕉等水果搭配的食用方法。根据这些内容可推断，此文可能出现在“健康杂志”中。选自“生物学教科书”“研究论文”“旅游指南”的可能性不大。

（二）对刚出生一天的婴儿做实验，通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行的一个实验。

1. B 推理判断题。由第一段中的“She stares it carefully...， her gaze starts to lose its focus”可知，本段是對孩子的视觉实验。故选B项。

2. D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“until a third， with three black spots， is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知，当图片上物体的数量发生变化时，婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知，婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。故选D项。

3. C 推理判断题。由题干中的drumbeats可定位到第二段段末。由倒数第二句“The effect even crosses between senses.”可知，这种影响甚至会跨越器官。第一部分对孩子的视力进行试验，接下来用鼓来对孩子的听力继续试验。故选C项。

4. D 推断文章出处。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等，文中多次出现的researcher和experiment，由此可推断本文选自“科学报告”。

（三）本文主要介绍几家各具特色的博物馆，可以带给孩子们一些新的体验。

1. C 细节理解题。由Head to a natural history museum部分的第二句“This is where kids can discover ... pictures of stars in the sky.”可知，孩子们在这里可以了解宇宙或星系。故选C项。

2. C 细节理解题。由Go to a Youtheater部分的内容可知，在这里孩子们可以看到木偶的制作、了解舞台化妆等内容。故选C项。

3. B 推理判斷题。由Try hands-on science部分的第三句“Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons， experimenting， and building.”可知，这里指通过动手操作而学习的方式。故选B项。

4. C 推断文章出处。由第一段“你在寻找一些新鲜而又令人兴奋的地方带你小孩（kids）去吗？请试试下面这些地方”和所列项目中含museum可以判断，本文出自博物馆参观指南，故选C项。出自“科学教科书”“旅游地图”“新闻报道”的可能性不大。

（四）本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了biomass的特征、优点以及它在美国能源中的地位。

1. C 细节理解题。由题干中的“a sort of natural battery”可定位到第二段第三句，由前两句中的“because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned， it gives off the suns energy.”可知，biomass被称为“天然电池”是因为它的能量来源于太阳能，故选C项。

2. A 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“In 2008——although the numbers arent all in yet——wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，尽管2008年的数据还未收集完全，但因为全国风力农村的快速发展，风能可能会占据首位。由此可推断，到2008年，风能会占据新能源的首位。故选A项。

3. C 推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，用生物燃料发电每年能减少约1100万吨的二氧化碳。一些房主试图自己使用生物燃料来供暖，但这样子可能会制造大量污染。所以作者鼓励发电厂使用生物燃料，通过集中处理减少污染。

4. B 推断文章出处。由各段首句可知本文讲的是biomass是美国最重要的可再生能源生产形式之一，它不会产生二氧化碳。由这些内容可知，本文可能出自“科学杂志”，选自“研究计划”“书评”“商业报告”的可能性不大。故选B项。

（五）本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了英国生物系学生研究用鲨鱼活动来预报暴风雨的实验。

1. B 推断文章出处。由文章内容可知，这是一篇科普读物，A项和D项较容易排除;文中并未出现大量的专业术语，由此看来不是研究报告，因此可将C项排除，故选B项。

2. A 细节理解题。由前四段内容可知，英国生物系学生的研究表明鲨鱼可以被用来预测暴风雨，而Lauren Smith即将完成了她的研究。如果她的研究能证明这一理论，科学家就能通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测坏天气。由此可见，鲨鱼可能会被用来预测坏天气，故选A项。

3. D 推理判断题。由倒数第三段“Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature”可知，Miss Smith在鲨鱼身上安装了高科技感应器来记录压力和温度，即监视鲨鱼对天气变化的反应，故选D项。C项只提到了一点，不够全面。

4. B 主旨要义题。本文主要介绍了英国生物系学生研究用鲨鱼活动来预报暴风雨的实验，故选B项。

（六）本文是一篇关于美国老年人健康习惯的调研报告，本文列举了调查结果并相应给出了专家建议。

1. D 细节理解题。由第一个问题中的Finding部分“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，有33% （即三分之一）的老年人一天只刷一次牙，故选D项。由第一段中的“only about one third of American seniors have correct habits”可知A项错误;由第二个问题的Finding部分“Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week.”可知B项错误;由第三个问题的Finding部分“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知D项错误。

2. D 推理判断题。由第二个问题的Finding部分“And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，接近30%的老年人每天洗四次手——这只是医生建议次数的一半。由此可推断，医生建议每天洗八次手，选项D正确。

3. C 细节理解题。由第三个问题的Step部分的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge （海绵） that can carry more germs than anything else？ ”可知，细菌最多的不是厕所，而是厨房海绵，故选C项。

4. B 推断文章出处。本文是一篇关于美国老年人健康习惯的调研报告，这样的文章不会出现在“旅游指南”“书评”“官方文件”中，故可排除A、C、D三项。这调研报告是关于健康习惯的，面向的群体应该是普通大众，故最有可能出自杂志中。

（七）本文通过一个实验证明了人的生物钟会受光和温度的影响而改变。

1. C 细节理解题。分析第一段，尤其是“Stefania was in a research program”可知，  Stefania长时间待在山洞的原因是她当时在参加一个研究项目，她是被研究对象。

2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Shed had no clocks or watches， no television or radio. There had been no natural light...”可知，Stefania不知道时间、没有电视看、没有收音机听，甚至看不到自然光，因此她的生物钟紊乱了。

3. B 推断文章出处。本文主要报道了一个实验及实验得出的结果，  所以由此判断本文可能来自于新闻报道。

（八）本文是一则新闻报道。即将落成的Library of Birmingham（LoB）将是伯明翰城市接受日常生活数字化的标志。

1. B 词义猜测题。第三段中的“the project”指的是文章中出现的“The LoB project”，结合划线部分的上下文语境可知此处讲的是数字媒体对这个项目很重要，故B项正确。

2. A 细节理解题。由第六段第二句中的“Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB...”可知，公众访问虚拟LoB可以让公众了解LoB的大体情况，故选A项。

3. A 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知a、b正确，e错误;根据倒数第二段的第二句可知c错误;由倒数第二段的最后一句可知d正确，故选A项。

4. D 推断文章出处。本文主要介绍了即将落成的Library of Birmingham（LoB）的相关情况，最有可能是一则新闻报道。

（九）冰岛火山爆发， 火山灰弥漫北部欧洲。火山的爆发给航班和动物带来了一定的负面影响。

1. A 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川） of ice up to 12 maters thick”可知，这座火山与其他火山不同的是它位于12米厚的巨大冰川之下， 故选A项。

2. D 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano， keeping it stable.”可知， 水層给了火山巨大的压力， 使其保持稳定， 故选D项。

3. C 细节理解题。最后一段最后一句“Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash- covered grass to the sharp object.”可知， 农民们将动物关在室内，避免它们吃被火山灰覆盖的草和那些锋利的东西， 故选C项。

4. B 推断文章出处。文章内容是：冰岛的火山爆发。简要的火山地理位置和稳定的原因以及火山爆发后的影响， 比较简洁完整， 是新闻的特点， 故选B项。

责任编辑   蒋小青