镇馆之宝：《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》

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重庆中国三峡博物馆（重庆博物馆）是首批国家一级博物馆、中央地方共建国家级博物馆，现有馆藏文物11.35万余件套（单件超28万件），珍贵古籍善本1.8万余册，涵盖35个文物门类。以“古人类标本、三峡文物、巴渝青铜器、汉代文物、西南民族文物、大后方抗战文物、瓷器、书画、古琴”等为特色的藏品系列，集中体现了重庆这座历史文化名城的历史人文精粹。本期开始，我们请三峡博物馆的专家选取馆藏的特色文物，讲述它们背后的故事，以便我们更好地了解重庆的历史文化。

Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum(Chongqing Museum) is one of the first batch of grade-one national museums and a national museum built by central and local governments.There are more than 113,500 pieces of cultural relics (more than 280,000 pieces for one collection), and more than 18,000 precious ancient books covering 35 cultural relic categories in the museum. The series of collections featuring“Ancient Human Specimens, Three Gorges Cultural Relics, Bayu Bronze Wares, Cultural Relics from Han Dynasty, Southwestern National Cultural Relics, Cultural Relics from the Anti-Japanese War, Porcelain, Paintings and Calligraphy, Guqin”, etc., embodies the essence of history and humanity of the historical and cultural Chongqing. From now on, we will invite the experts of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum to select the special cultural relics in the collection and tell the stories behind them, so that we will better understand the history and culture of Chongqing.

《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》，是三峡博物馆“十大镇馆之宝”之一。此图曾为清代鉴赏家李咸中所藏，抗战前后流入川渝地区。

1952年，市民汪策致函西南博物院(三峡博物馆前身)，请求该院出资购买《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》和《宋高宗钦赐诏书》。博物院当即以5000万旧币（现约人民币5000元）买下这幅作品。

《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》经启功、谢稚柳、刘九庵等鉴定，一致认为是仅次于故宫《韩熙载夜宴图》的精品，2005年，观众票选其为重庆中国三峡博物馆“十大镇馆之宝”之一。

The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastyis one of the “Top Ten Treasures of the Museum” of Three Gorges Museum. This painting was once collected by connoisseur Li Xianzhong in Qing Dynasty and flew into Sichuan and Chongqing areas around the Anti-Japanese War.

In 1952, Wang Ce, a citizen, sent a letter to the Southwest Museum (the predecessor of the Three Gorges Museum), requesting the institution to purchaseThe Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming DynastyandImperial Edict Ordered by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. The museum promptly bought the work for 50 million in old currency (now about RMB 5,000).

The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastywhich was authenticated by Qigong, Xie Zhiliu, Liu Jiu'an successively, is taken unanimously as second only to theThe Banquet for Han Xizaistored in the Imperial Palace. In 2005, the audience regarded it as one of the “Treasures of the Museum” of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum by vote.

一段真实历史的见证

The Witness to Real History

《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》·侍女禀告

《韩熙载夜宴图》为南唐画家顾闳中所作，现存宋摹本，绢本设色，宽28.7厘米，长335.5厘米，描绘了韩熙载家设夜宴载歌行乐的场面，现藏于北京故宫博物院。

韩熙载是五代时期南唐的臣子，后主李煜屡欲封他为相。而彼时南唐国势日渐衰微，韩熙载对局势早已绝望，便以声色为韬晦之略，整日纵情声色，以此逃避朝廷的任命。

李后主于是派顾闳中去韩府一探究竟。顾闳中凭着所观察到的景象，将默记于心的夜宴全过程绘制成图，通过“听乐”“观舞”“小憩”“清吹”“送别”五段场景，绘写出一场完整的韩府夜宴全过程。

由于画家与韩熙载同样了解南唐的处境，理解主人公的苦衷，于是站在韩熙载的角度描绘了他在夜宴背景下郁郁寡欢的神态，细化了主人公在当时复杂心态下激烈的心理斗争，深化了作品的内涵。据说，李后主看了顾闳中画的韩熙载，暂时放过了他。

Painted by Gu Hongzhong, a painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty,The Banquet of Han Xizaihas a facsimile created on the silk scroll in the Song Dynasty. The painting, 28.7cm wide and 335.5cm long,depicted the scene of banquet organized by Han Xizai.It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Han Xizai was a vassal of the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties Period, and Li Yu, the emperor of Southern Tang Dynasty wanted to appoint him as the prime minister. At that time,the power of the Southern Tang Dynasty gradually declined, and Han Xizai had long been in despair of the situation, so he hided his capacities and bide his time, indulged in music and sexuality all day long, in order to escape the appointment of the imperial court.

Then Li Yu sent Gu Hongzhong to Han Mansion find out what had happened. With his observations and his own imagination, Gu Hongzhong painted the entire course of the banquet which he had memorized. Through the “listening to music”, “watching dance”, “rest”,“whistling” and “farewell”, the whole process of the banquet in Han Mansion was painted.

Since the painter and Han Zizai understood the situation of the Southern Tang Dynasty and understood the protagonist's difficulties, he depicted the depressed manner of Han Xizai under the background of the banquet from the perspective of Han Xizai, refined the protagonist's fierce psychological struggle under the complex mentality at that time, and deepened the connotation of the work. It is said that after seeing Han Zizai in the painting of Gu Hongzhong, Li Yu let off him for the time being.

才子与名画的相逢

A Meeting between A Brilliant Scholar and A Famous Painting

《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》·听琴

唐寅为什么要临摹韩熙载的故事？这从他自题的两首七言绝句中，或许可见端倪。

唐寅出生于苏州一个普通家庭，16岁中苏州府试第一，28岁中南直隶乡试第一。然而第二年的进京会试，成了他一生的转折点。29岁时，唐寅受到京城科场舞弊案的牵连，被黜为浙藩小吏。他以此为耻，坚决不去就职。失落之余，唐寅开始四处游荡，纵情酒色，靠卖文鬻画为生。

在《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》中，唐寅自题两首七绝。第一首是：身当钩局乏鱼羹，预给长劳借水衡。废尽千金收艳粉，如何不学耿先生。诗中“耿先生”指南唐的一位女道士，她曾被韩熙载的政敌宋齐丘推荐入宫，且深受李煜宠爱。唐寅借此问韩熙载：你为什么花那么多钱来伪装奢靡、逃避任命，而不学耿先生入宫廷为国效力呢？由此感怀自己的身世境遇。

第二首是：梳成鸦鬓演新歌，院院烧灯拥翠娥。潇洒心情谁得似，灞桥风雪郑元和。“灞桥风雪”说的是唐代宰相郑綮。他善于作诗，但不愿为名利所累，因而不常写。别人问他“可有新诗否”，他回答“诗思在灞桥风雪中驴子上，此处何以得之”。而“郑元和”这个人物则出自《太平广记》之《李娃传》，他身上有着双重标签：状元和乞儿。郑元和曾被寄予厚望，顺利取得了入京会试的资格，却因与烟花女子相恋，耽误考期，流浪街头卖唱。诗与画的共同点是：卖唱、潦倒，韩熙载费尽千金将每月得到的俸禄分赏给蓄养的家伎们，而到了月底又穿着破衣烂衫卖着唱向家伎讨钱；第二首诗中提到的郑元和落魄之后，也卖唱于花柳巷中讨钱度日。唐寅以此为切入点，勾连诗画也触动自己，感怀身世也与古人默默共鸣。最后又奋发读书，考上了状元。唐寅借郑綮与郑元和两个人物抒发胸臆：我怀才不遇、落魄浪荡，但我写自己想写的诗，画自己愿意画的画。这或许就是唐寅不惜花费心力、临摹这张工笔长卷的原因。

Why did Tang Yin copy Han Xizai's story? The clue may be found in two seven-word quatrains he wrote.

Tang Yin was born in a small citizen family in Suzhou. He passed the prefectural examination and ranked the first Suzhou Prefecture when he was 16 years old, and passed the provincial examination and ranked the first in South Zhili Province when he was 28 years old. The next year, however, he participated in the imperial examination, which became the turning point of his life. At the age of 29, Tang Yin was implicated in the malpractice of imperial examination in the Capital, and was deposed as a minor official of Zhejiang region. Ashamed of this, he resolutely refused to take office. After his loss, Tang Yin began to wander around, indulge oneself in wine and sensuality, and sell his paintings for a living.

InThe Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin wrote two seven-character quatrains. The first poem: I'm short of food in thus a situation in which everyone intrigues against each other and decide to borrow water from Changlao. Why not follow Mr. Geng because so much money has been spent on the luxury and dissipation life. “Mr. Geng”referred to a female Taoist in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was once recommended into the palace by Song Qiqiu, Han Xizai's political enemy, and loved by Li Yu. Tang Yin took this opportunity to ask Han Xizai: why did you spend so much money to disguise luxury, escape the appointment, but not serve for the country just as Mr. Geng did? From this, he recalled his life experience with emotion.

上：《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》·清吹

下：《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》·观舞小憩

The second poem: The new song is being performed by female singers and the whole mansion is crowed with young ladies all the day long. Only Zheng Yuanhe can indulge in such natural and unrestrained environment. “Zheng Yuanhe” refers to Zheng Qi, prime minister in Tang Dynasty. He was good at poetry, but does not want to be weighed down by fame and fortune, so he dis not often write poems. Being asked whether he had any new poetry,he replied: “I have no new poems because the poem is located on the donkey of Zheng Qi.” “Zheng Yuanhe”, on the other hand, came fromthe Biography of Li Wa in the Extensive Recordsofthe Taiping Era. He carried a double label: Number One Scholar and Beggar. By being placed high hopes, Zheng Yuanhe successfully obtained the qualification to take part in the examination in the Capital, but missed the examination date and wandered the street because of falling in love with the girl in the whorehouse.The common ground between poetry and painting is singing and falling out，because Han Xizai spent a lot of money rewarding the family geisha with the monthly salary.Howerver，by the end of the month,he was wearing rags and selling songs to ask for money. Then，the second poem mentioned that after Zheng Yuan being defeated，he had to singing to make money .Tang Yin takes this as a starting point,touches himself with poetry and paintings and feeling the memory of life and silently resonating with the ancients.

At last, he studied hard, passed the exam and obtained the title of Number One Scholar. Tang Yin used two characters: Zheng Qi and Zheng Yuanhe to express his feelings: I was frustrated for all my talent and wandered the street, but I wrote the poems and drew the pictures I wanted. This may be the reason why Tang Yin spared no effort to copy this meticulous painting scroll by means of traditional Chinese realistic painting.

融入大量的明代元素

Integration of Elements in the Ming Dynasty

故宫本《韩熙载夜宴图》长度为335.5厘米，而《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》长达548厘米。为何两幅题材相同的画，长度差异如此之大？

上：《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》·观舞小憩

下：《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》·送别

故宫所藏《韩熙载夜宴图》，一共分为5幕场景，唐寅临本则在长卷开端增加了侍女禀告有客来临的场景，往后才是听琴、清吹、观舞等高潮场面，卷末为小憩与送别，一共6幕。全卷像叙事诗一般，有起有伏、有张有弛。这些改动，使段落之间连接更合理、更完整。

此外，唐寅为了突出韩府的奢侈，除了在每段之间增加屏风和石盆栽为间隔外，又增绘了许多家具。比如，北京故宫本落地屏风为4件，而唐寅临摹本却多达14件。

《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》不仅是一件技法精湛的艺术作品，还是史学家研究明代文化的珍贵史料。唐寅摹本融入了大量明代元素，最具代表性的就是对家具结构的改动，将原作中的桌椅双枨（音同“城”），改为明代流行的单枨。在人物背后屏风上的写意山水、花鸟等景物也处处透着 “吴门画派”的清秀风貌。

The originalThe Banquet of Han Xizai in the Imperial Palacehas a length of 335.5 cm, but The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty has a length of 548cm. Why are two paintings with the same subjects so different in length?

The Banquet of Han Xizaiin the Palace has a total of five scenes. Tang Yin in Tang Dynasty added the scene in which a maid announces the arrival of a visitor at the beginning of the scroll, and then the scenes of listening to the music, whistling, watching the dance and other climax scene followed. The painting is ended with the scenes of rest and farewell, a total of six scenes. The whole scroll is like a narrative poem, with ups and downs, tension and relaxation. These changes make the connections between paragraphs more reasonable and complete.

In addition, in order to highlight the luxury of Han Mansion, Tang Yin added a lot of furniture in addition to adding screens and potted plants as the intervals. For example, the painting in the Palace Museum in Beijing has four floor screens, while there are as many as 14 screens in Tang Yin's painting.

The Banquet of Han XizaiFacsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty is not only a skillful work of art, but also a precious historical material for historians to study Ming culture. Tang Yin's facsimile incorporated a large number of elements in the Ming Dynasty , and the most representative one is the change of furniture structure. He changed the original work of double table and chair doorjambs (pronounced same as “cheng” in Chinese) into the single doorjamb popular in the Ming Dynasty. The enjoyable scenery and flowers and birds on the screen behind the figures are also full of comely style of “The Wumen Painting School”.

难得一见的“镇馆之宝”

Rare “Treasure of the Museum”

作为重庆中国三峡博物馆“十大镇馆之宝”之一，《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》的展出次数寥寥可数：2005年，在重庆中国三峡博物馆新馆开馆特展中，第一次面向公众展示；10年后，在苏州博物馆主办的“吴门四家”之“六如真如”唐寅特展上，第二次现身；2018年6月，《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》第三次亮相，成为“千人千面——重庆中国三峡博物馆藏古代人物画展”特展中的压轴画作之一。

在不展出的日子里，重庆中国三峡博物馆对这幅画做了精心的保护。专库专人看护，还有专门的囊匣用以保存，库房内24小时恒温恒湿，所以这幅画品相很好。作为重庆中国三峡博物馆的馆藏之一，《明唐寅临韩熙载夜宴图》有500年历史，有责任让它传承到下一个500年，再下一个500年。

As one of the “Top Ten Treasures of the Museum” in Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum,The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastyis rarely exhibited. In 2005, it was displayed to the public for the first time in the special opening exhibition of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum. Ten years later, it appeared for the second time in the special exhibition of “The Dream Life of Tang Yin” of “Four Masters of the Ming Dynasty”hosted by Suzhou Museum. In June 2018,The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastywas displayed for the third time, becoming one of the grand finale paintings in the special exhibition of “Thousands of Opinions - Ancient Figure Painting Exhibition Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum”.

On days when it is not on display, Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum has carefully preserved the painting. The painting is in good condition because it is under the special care of people in the warehouse and there is also special bag and box for storing it. The temperature and humidity in the warehouse are constant for 24 hours. As one of the collections of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum，The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastyhas a history of 500 years, and we have the responsibility to pass it on to the next 500 years,and then next 500 years.