“曼谷杂种”——因曼谷热带性而生的本土原型

查蓬·楚恩鲁迪莫尔/Chatpong Chuenrudeemol

庞凌波 译/Translated by PANG Lingbo

洪人杰 校/Proofread by HUNG Jenchieh

引言

“曼谷杂种”是曼谷城市所衍生的非常规建筑类型，通常由随处可见的废弃物所搭建。它们并非富人使用的建筑，也并非由建筑学专家所设计；它们是自建自住的构筑物、遮蔽所，由当地或外来的低收入工人所使用。这些构筑物由平民老百姓基于生存条件亲手建造，在像曼谷这样繁忙的热带城市中，满足求新求变的社会、经济和风俗要求。典型的案例包括建筑工人住宅、违章市场、水边棚屋、汽车旅馆等等，诸如此类。

在调查和记录“曼谷杂种”的过程中，我试图通过建筑讲述一个鲜为人知的故事，揭开曼谷建筑一个令我每日着迷不已、但从未在历史文本或当今媒体中讲述的秘密。它将呈现作为一个当地人对泰国粗鄙庸俗的观察，部分仍保留了对传统泰国的刻板印象，部分则揭露一些甚至可能令当地居民感到惊讶的现象。简而言之，这些案例调研是我的个人

Introduction

Bangkok Bastards are homegrown urban vernacular typologies, constructed and occupied by Bangkok's local castoffs. They are not buildings occupied by the wealthy or designed by the architectural elite. They are homegrown structures,sheltering and sustaining the lower-working class,both local and migrants. They are made by hand through necessary circumstances by regular people,fulfilling quirky and unusual social, economic,and climatic requirements always in demand in an untamed tropical city like Bangkok. Examples include construction worker houses, illegal markets,waterside shanties, sex motels, and many more of the like.

In surveying and documenting Bangkok Bastards, I tried to tell an untold story through architecture - to uncover a hidden constructed Bangkok that has fascinated me on a daily basis, but never been described anywhere in historical print or current media. It is an insider's perception ofThailand's notorious capital, one that upholds some typical Thai stereotypes, but also divulges some secrets that may surprise even some locals. In short,研究，每个案例都揭露了我的曼谷所独有的一面。

“城市游牧者”讲述的是一群有着流浪天性的族群的故事，他们在历史上便有着面对不断变化的自然（每年的洪水灾害）、政治（权力转移和政变）和社会环境（泰国、中国、老挝、缅甸、柬埔寨、印度、西方之间的交融，文化、宗教和经济格局的动荡）移居和迁徙的传统。

“城市两栖者”讲述的是一个曾将水作为商业、交通和日常生活重要组成部分，而如今却在极端热带城市中努力化解大自然与城市化冲击的城市的故事。

“混合填充”讲述的是具有创造性和适应力的一群人的故事。他们在适应和即兴创造之间循环往复，以便应对热带大都市的艰辛与挑战。

“地下变色龙”讲述的是一群乐观而幸福的人的故事，他们勤恳工作，但同时也更加纵情享乐，甚至有时到了一种不可思议的极端状态。these case studies are personal, each divulging some unique aspect of my Bangkok.

Urban Nomads tells the story of a people that are by nature are nomadic, historically adept at movement and migration in the face of continuallychanging natural (annual floods), political (rotating governance and political coups galore), and social contexts (a melting pot of cultures - Thai, Chinese,Lao, Burmese, Cambodian, Indian, Westerners - that continually change the cultural, religious, economic landscape).

Urban Amphibians tells the story of a city that once befriended water as a companion of commerce,transportation, and daily life, but now struggles to reconcile Mother Nature with the onslaught of urbanisation in an extreme tropical city.

Infill Hybrids tells the story of a creatively adaptive people, who adapt, improvise and riff in order to get through this life of hardships and challenges in the tropical metropolis.

Underground Chameleons tells the story of optimistic and happy people, who work hard, but play even harder, some times enjoying life to an unbelievable extreme.

不过，这些仅是已被研究和记录的“曼谷杂种”的一部分。还有更多存在于我们的日常生活中。它们都具有顽强的生命力，使它们在看似不可驯服的热带城市中成功驾驭了环境——这个环境不仅充满了热带的炙热和潮湿，还有尘土、噪音、污染、拥堵和窥探的眼睛。它们将展示面对复杂的城市环境下所衍生出的独特设计策略，和为了制成新的轻型构造、对城市自然演化下的剩余物和工业生产之余的廉价废弃构件的利用。

“曼谷杂种”将会揭示我的家乡真实生活的迷人的一面。它们将教会我们在极端的热带城市空间中生活的宝贵经验。它们生长自城市，回应赤道周边的地域主义，并且形成了出乎意料的规模、形式和策略……“曼谷杂种”会使我们意识到崭新的、野性的、极端的城市热带性的残酷现实，并告诉我们如何做到，不仅能够在这样的环境中生存下来，更能够繁荣生长。

However, allof above are just some of the Bangkok Bastards that have been documented.Many more reveal themselves on a daily basis. They all demonstrate survival instincts that allow them to tame in the seemingly untamable tropical city -an environment filled not only with tropical heat,humidity, and dampness… but dust, noise, pollution,congestion, prying eyes. They will showcase unique strategies circulate air when wind movement is not so easily predicted in complex city block morphologies.They concoct new light tectonics, utilizing cheap,scavenged components made of both natural and industrial materials of the city.

Bangkok Bastards can not only reveal fascinating aspects of authentic life in my hometown, but also teach us invaluable lessons of living in an extreme urban tropical space. They are unique examples of city-grown, tropical responses to equatorial urbanism, and come in unexpected sizes,forms, and strategies… Bangkok Bastards can make us aware of the brutal reality of the new, untamed,extreme urban tropicality, and show us how to how to not only survive, but to thrive, in such an environment.