一座中国民间医药的圣殿

□ 文/本刊记者 胡先福 唐纲

重庆渝中区李子坝，一个很不起眼儿的地方，坐落着中国民间医药的圣殿—中国民间医药博物馆。此地就位于重庆网红景点“轻轨穿楼”拍摄露台不远处。

刚刚过去的国庆假期，这个“圣殿”里游人如织，参观者排成了长龙。中国民间医药博物馆馆长刘光瑞告诉记者，即使平时，前来参观的人数也不少，“现在，每年参观的人数有近10万人。”

The temple of Chinese folk medicine: Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine is located in Liziba, Yuzhong district,Chongqing, a very inconspicuous place that lies not far away from the internet sensation “A Photography Gazebo Facing the Light Rail through a Building” in Chongqing.

During the just past National Day holiday, the “temple”was crowded with visitors waiting in line. Liu Guangrui,curator of the Chinese Museum of Folk Medicine, told reporters that even in peacetime, there were quite a few visitors. "Now, the number of visitors is nearly 100,000 every year."

浩如烟海的中医药文献

刘光瑞，出身中医世家。他是重庆市颇有声誉的中医，也是中医药文化的忠实拥趸。1996年，他创办了中国民间医药博物馆，该馆集史、医、药为一体，是目前中国颇具代表性的中医药专业性博物馆。

记者在这里看到，馆内集中展示了我国民间医药的精华，从秦汉至今约三千年的中国民间医药一枝独秀，竞吐芳华。从神农氏尝百草，到华佗刮骨疗疾，扁鹊、张仲景、李时珍济世救人……浩如烟海的医药文献，以及无数杰出的医苑人物，灿若银河，赫然在目。博物馆将中国民间医药史这座取之不尽、用之不竭的宝库加以发掘、整理和发扬光大。

岐伯，中国传说中最富有声望的医学家，黄帝为疗救民疾，尊他为老师，一起研讨医学问题，《黄帝内经》多数内容即以他与黄帝问答的形式写成。所以，记载“岐伯”的最早文献是《黄帝内经》。中国医学素称“岐黄”，或谓“岐黄之术”，岐伯当属首要地位。为此，中国民间医药博物馆内不仅安放有岐伯塑像，还收藏有《黄帝内经》明朝万历善本，简称《内经》，原书18卷，约14万字。书中全面论述人体生理、病理、诊断、预防以及针灸等，并注重人与自然环境的关系，运用阴阳五行和脏腑经络学说，强调精神与社会因素的作用，从而奠定了祖国医学的理论基础，长期以来对中医学的发展起着指导作用，在中国医学史上占有重要位置。

Numerous Chinese Medicine Literature

Liu Guangrui came from a Chinese medicine family. He is a prestigious Chinese physician in Chongqing and a loyal supporter of Chinese medicine culture. In 1996, he founded the Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine, which integrates history,medical treatment and medicine. It is a representative museum of Chinese medicine in China.

Reporters found in the museum the essence of Chinese folk medicine from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the present, a history of about 3000 years, in which the Chinese folk medicine outshines others. From Shennong who tasted all kinds of herbs,Hua Tuo who scraped the bone to heal the disease to Bian Que, Zhang Zhongjing and Li Shizhen who practiced medicine offers to the world, numerous medical literatures, and countless outstanding medical figures, can be seen here. The Museum excavates, collates and develops the inexhaustible treasure house of Chinese folk medicine history.

In order to offer medical treatment to his people,the Yellow Emperor took Qi Bo, the most prestigious physician in Chinese legend as his mentor to discuss medical problems. Most of the contents of Qi Bo’s work “Inner Canon of Huangdi” were written in the form of questions and answers between his and the Yellow Emperor. Therefore, the earliest document about "Qi Bo" is "Inner Canon of Huangdi". And Chinese medicine is known as "Qi Huang" or "Qi Huang Treatment", where Qi Bo is in the most important position. For this reason, there are not only statues of Qi Bo in the Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine, but also good edition of the “Inner Canon of Huangdi” of Ming Dynasty, Wanli years. The original work was 18 volumes with about 140,000 words. The book comprehensively discusses the aspects such as human physiology, pathology,diagnosis, prevention, acupuncture and moxibustion,and pays attention to the relationship between human and natural environment. It emphasizes the role of spiritual and social factors by applying the theories of yin-yang, five elements and the theory of viscera and channels, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been playing a guiding role for a long time. It occupies an important position in the history of Chinese medicine.

参观者络绎不绝。

博物馆收藏的中医古籍。

这里，还有奠定了中医学的脉诊诊断方法、开启中医学先河的春秋战国时期名医扁鹊（公元前407年—公元前310年），写出了传世巨著《伤寒杂病论》、被称为医圣的张仲景（公元150～154年—公元215～219年），著有被誉为16世纪中国百科全书《本草纲目》的李时珍（1518年—1593年），著作有《备急千金要方》和《千金翼方》、享年141岁、被后人尊称为“药王”的孙思邈（581年—682年）等名家的塑像和医学成果展示。这里，中医药藏书极为丰富，汗牛充栋，很多是极具价值的古中医书，有秦汉竹简《养生方略》、宋代石印本《图注难经》、《黄帝八十一难经》、《本草纲目》、《针灸大成》、《元亨疗马集》、清代绝版手绘《推拿求真》……

Hua Tuo was a famous medical scientist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He had comprehensive medical skills, especially in surgery and in operation. As one of the most famous physicians in Chinese history, Huatuo's medial skill was almost magical. And whether his medicine has been handed down has always been a matter of concern. In the 50 thousand volumes of ancient medical books collected in the museum, Hua Tuo's“Huashi Chinese Medicine Scriptures” is particularly valuable.According to historical records, Hua Tuo did have some medical secrets, and the “Huashi Chinese Medicine Scriptures” is one of them. The book is divided into three volumes. The first volume is mainly discussing medical principles, the second volume mainly deals with clinic, and the second volume records more than 60 kinds of clinical therapeutic prescriptions. It preserves and records human cognition, treatment and prevention of diseases."It is very precious that a rare isolated copy of it is preserved for the medical fi eld." Liu Guangrui said.

In addition to ancient Chinese books, Liu Guangrui also collected India's palm-leaf scriptures. The palm-leaf scripture is written on the leaves of the palm tree, which originated from ancient India. Most of the palm-leaf scriptures are Buddhist scriptures, and some are ancient Indian Sanskrit documents of high cultural value.

① 泰国总理及泰国中医界名人参观中国民间医药发展史与刘光瑞馆长合影。

② 中外中医药同行交流。

据介绍，刘光瑞收藏的约10万册古书中，有5万册是文史类书籍，有5万册是中国古医书。记者在博物馆看到，这些古医书大部分保存完好，少部分因为年代久远已经破损，目前博物馆已经安排人员对这些古书进行整理，等待进一步研究。

这些古医书中，年代最为久远的当属汉代木简。在中国古代，把字写在狭长的木条上，叫做木简。木简是在纸未发明以前或未大量使用以前，中国最主要形式的书籍，木简上的文字内容或是书信记事，或是公文报告。目前这些木简被浸泡在药水中，以防止破损。

华佗是东汉末年著名的医学家，他医术全面，尤其擅长外科，精于手术。作为中国历史上最有名的医家之一，华佗的医术近乎神奇，关于他的医术是否流传下来，一直为众人所关心。而在博物馆收藏的5万册古医书中，以华佗的《华氏中藏经》尤为珍贵。据文史记载，华佗确实有医学秘籍，《华氏中藏经》就是其中之一。《华氏中藏经》分为3卷，上卷主要是论述医理，中卷以临床为主，下卷则记载了各类临床治疗药方达60余种。它保留和记载了人类对疾病的认知及治疗和防范方法。“这是非常珍贵的，对我们医界来讲，是将难得的孤本给保留了下来。”刘光瑞说。

除了中国古代书籍，刘光瑞还收藏了印度的贝叶经。贝叶经就是写在贝树叶子上的经文，源于古印度。贝叶经多为佛教经典，还有一部分为古印度梵文文献，具有极高的文物价值。

There are also famous Chinese physicians including Bian Que (407 BC - 310 BC) who established the pulse diagnosis method and opened the way of traditional Chinese medicine,Zhang Zhongjing (150 - 154 AD - 215 - 219 AD),who wrote the great book "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" and was known as the sage of medicine and Li Shizhen (1518-1593), author of the Compendium of Materia Medica (also known as the Encyclopedia of China in the 16th century).Also, “The King of Medicine” Sun Simiao, who lived for 141 years and wrote the famous works“Thousand Golden Prescriptions” and “Thousand Valuable Prescriptions”. Statues and exhibitions of medical achievements of all these famous physicians are displayed. Here, the collection of Chinese medicine is extremely rich, and there are many valuable ancient Chinese medicine books, such as Qin and Han bamboo slips "Health Preservation Strategies", stone-printed work of Song Dynasty“Illustrations of Difficult Diseases", "Huangdi Eightyone Canon for Difficult Diseases", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Acupuncture and Moxibustion","Yuanheng Horse Treatment Collection" and the outof-print, hand-painted "Tuina Massage for Truth" of Qing Dynasty, etc.

According to reports, in Liu Guangrui's collection of about 100,000 ancient books, 50,000 are literature and history books and the other 50,000 are ancient Chinese medical books. Reporters found in the museum that most of these ancient medical books are well preserved, with a small number of them already damaged in the ancient time. At present,the museum has arranged collation of these ancient books for further study.

Among these ancient medical books, the most ancient ones were those wooden slips of the Han Dynasty. In ancient China, words were written on narrow strips of wood, which were called wooden slips. Wood slips were the most important form of books in China before the invention of paper or before paper was used in large quantities. At present,these wooden slips are soaked in potions to prevent breakage.

方兴未艾的中医药国际交流

中国民间医药博物馆在创办及发展进程中，得到了诸多方面的大力支持。原国防部长张爱萍将军多次为该馆题词，其中一幅为“发展神农医学，创新神农医药”，原中央军委副主席迟浩田还题词“祖孙三代名中医，誉满华夏扶伤人”，中共元老宋平题词“弘扬传统医药”。我国宗教界人士赵朴初、释心月等也先后支持该馆发展。

自建馆以来，该馆举办的中外中医药交流活动不断，来馆参观游人如织。据介绍，该馆从1996年10月12日开放以来，已先后接待中、美、德、新、日、韩、法、俄等20多个国家和地区数百万人次参观，与美国、德国、泰国等国家和地区建立了学术交流关系。

2000年年初，在该馆举行了中德传统医学交流会，以德国和中国的传统医学院院长为代表的6位专家在该馆进行了学术交流，双方签订了合作办学协议。同时，德国医学家们还在该馆过年，体验中国的传统佳节。

当年3月，受美国美威行集团公司的邀请，馆长刘光瑞率领一行12人带着170件中医药珍贵文物及古中医书在美国进行了为期4周的“历年中医药发展史展览”。该展览使美国民众大开眼界，了解中医药文化历史。展览也为中国加入WTO后，中医药进入美国市场作了铺垫。展览期间，刘光瑞一行受到美国原加州州长及市长的接见。

2001年，该馆被重庆市侨办纳入侨属单位，成为侨办授予的华文中医药培训基地。刘光瑞擅长中医药民间绝技的研究，获科技奖、发明奖28项。随着博物馆的国际交流与日俱增，他撰写的10余部民间医药专著也流行于东南亚、欧洲、美洲等中医界及患者群，他被聘为德国中医研究院副院长、新加坡中医研究所教授，还被聘为美国第九届INPEX国际博览会评委。由此实现了他“让中医走出国门，让中医为人类健康服务”的理想。

International Exchanges of Chinese Medicine in the Ascendant

The Museum of Chinese Folk Medicine has been strongly supported in many aspects during its founding and development.General Zhang Aiping, former Defense Minister wrote many inscriptions for the museum, one of which was "Developing Shennong medical science and innovating Shennong medicine".Former Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Chi Haotian also inscribed "Three generations of famous Chinese physician, renowned around China for healing people", and Senior Chinese Communist Party member Song Ping inscribed"Promoting traditional medicine". Moreover, individuals in religious circles such as Zhao Puchu and Shi Xinyue have successively supported the development of the museum.

Since the establishment of the museum, it has always been crowded with visitors. It is reported that since its opening on October 12, 1996, the museum has received millions of visitors from more than 20 countries and regions, including China, the United States, Germany, Singapore, Japan, Korea, France and Russia, and has established academic exchanges with the United States, Germany, Thailand and other countries and regions.

At the beginning of 2000, the Sino-German Symposium on Traditional Medicine was held in the museum. Six experts, represented by the deans of German and Chinese traditional medical schools,held academic exchanges in the Museum. The two parties signed a cooperative school-running agreement. At the same time, German medical scientists celebrated Chinese traditional festivals of the new year in the museum.

美国同行对研制的纯中药产品感兴趣。

In March of that year, at the invitation of American Meiweihang Group, curator Liu Guangrui led a group of 12 people with 170 precious cultural relics of traditional Chinese medicine and ancient Chinese medicine books to the United States for a four-week exhibition on “the development history of traditional Chinese medicine”. The exhibition was eye-opening for the American people to understand the history of Chinese medicine culture. The exhibition also paved the way for Chinese medicine to enter the US market after China joined the WTO. During the exhibition,Liu Guangrui and his delegation were received by the former governor and mayor of California.

In 2001, the museum was incorporated into the Overseas Chinese Units by the Chongqing Overseas Chinese Affairs Office and became a training base for Chinese medicine awarded by the Office. Liu Guangrui is good at the research of folk skills of Chinese medicine, and has won 28 awards of science and technology and invention. With the increasing international exchanges of the museum, he has written more than 10 monographs on folk medicine popular in Southeast Asia, Europe, the Americas and other traditional Chinese medicine fields and patients.He was appointed Vice President of the German Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, professor of the Singaporean Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and judge of the 9th INPEX International Exposition in the United States. Thus, he realized his ideal of "letting traditional Chinese medicine go out of the country and making Chinese medicine serve human health".

刘光瑞认为，中医既是医学的中医，更是文化的中医。文化不彰，医道不辨，医术则不明。他说，从《黄帝内经》开始，中医药文化的哲理就十分清晰。中医药文化广阔、深邃、丰富，中医药文化的空间包罗普遍联系为整体的宇宙万物。刘光瑞阐释说，宏观世界的万物运动和微观世界如脏腑、经络、气血等存在着相互联系和影响；中医药文化的深邃，在于人文时代的精神土壤，与儒、佛、道思想有着千丝万缕的关系，与现代文化理念与表达方式存在相当的时空疏离感；中医药文化之丰富，体现在历史发展中理论与治疗方法、养生方法等的积累和融汇，也体现在相关的诗歌艺术、通俗民风、心理情操等的表现与演进。为此，他将用毕生精力来打造好这座中医药博物馆。

新加坡的中医药同行与刘光瑞馆长亲切交流。

Liu Guangrui believes that Chinese traditional medicine is the medicine not only for medical science, but also for the culture. If culture is not showed and the art of healing is not distinguished,the medicine is unclear. He said that from the "Inner Canon of Huangdi", the philosophy of Chinese medicine culture has been very clear. The culture of traditional Chinese medicine is broad, profound and rich. And the space of traditional Chinese medicine culture includes all things in the universe which are connected to each other. Liu Guangrui explained that the movement of all things in the macro world and the micro world such as viscera, meridians and collaterals, vital energy and blood are interrelated and influenced by each other. The profound culture of traditional Chinese medicine lies in the spiritual soil of the humanistic era, and has inextricable relations with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which is spatiotemporally distant from modern cultural ideas and expressions. The richness of traditional Chinese medicine culture is reflected in the accumulation and fusion of theories and methods of treatment and health preservation in the historical development,as well as the expression and evolution of related poetic art, popular folk customs and psychological sentiments. Therefore, Liu Guangrui will dedicate his whole life to building this museum of Chinese medicine.