文/王逢鑫
世间眼镜五光十色,款式翻新,琳琅满目。不同类型的眼镜具有不同的功能。第一类眼镜是矫正型眼镜(corrective glasses),其功能是矫正视力(to correct eyesight/vision)和改善/提高视力(to improve eyesight/vision)。这类眼镜包括近视眼镜(near-sighted glasses,short-sighted glasses)、远视眼镜(far-sighted glasses)、老花镜(reading glasses)、散光眼镜(astigmatic glasses)和斜视眼镜(strabismus glasses)等。例如:
1. The college student realized that he had become shortsighted and went to an optical shop to have a pair of near-sighted glasses made.这名大学生意识到自己近视了,于是去一家眼镜店配了一副近视眼镜。
第二类眼镜是保护型眼镜(protective glasses)或安全型眼镜(safety glasses),其功能是保护眼睛(to protect eyes)和保护视力(to protect eyesight)。这类眼镜又称功能性眼镜(functional goggles),分为护目镜(goggles)和防冲击护目镜(shock-resistance goggles),包括太阳镜(sunglasses)、泳镜(swimming goggles)、风镜(wind goggles)、驾驶护目镜(driving goggles)、摩托车护目镜(motorcycle goggles)、运动护目镜(sports goggles)、滑雪护目镜(ski goggles)和激光防护镜(laser-light protective goggles)等。例如:
2. When he swims in the swimming pool, he wears swimming goggles to protect his eyes from the chlorine. 在游泳池游泳时,他戴泳镜来保护眼睛免受氯气的危害。
这一类眼镜还包括劳动保护类眼镜(labour protection goggles),像焊接护目镜(welding goggles)等。例如:
3. Welding goggles are intended to protect the eyes from the heat and optical radiation produced by the welding and cutting. 焊接护目镜旨在保护眼睛免遭电气焊和切割所引起的热辐射和光辐射。
第三类眼镜是时尚型眼镜(fashion glasses),其功能是美容(to improve one’s appearance)和追求时尚(to seek for fashion)。这类眼镜有齐眉镜框眼镜(browline glasses)、猫眼眼镜(cat-eye glasses)、无镜片眼镜(lensless glasses)、夹鼻眼镜(pince nez)、全框眼镜(full-rimmed glasses)、角框眼镜(horn-rimmed glasses)、金框眼镜(gold-rimmed glasses)、无框眼镜(rimless glasses)和金丝眼镜(wire-rim glasses)等。例如:
4. Some people with good natural eyesight like to wear fashion glasses as a style accessory. 有些天生视力良好的人喜欢戴时尚眼镜作为一种时髦配饰。
第四类眼镜是专门用途眼镜(specialized glasses, special-purpose glasses),其功能是服务于专门目的(to serve a special purpose)。这类眼镜包括3D眼镜(3D glasses)、3D电影眼镜(3D movie glasses)、电视眼镜(television glasses)、虚拟现实眼镜(virtue reality glasses)、盲人眼镜(blind person’s glasses)、日食观看眼镜(eclipse-viewing glasses)、后视反光眼镜(rear-view glasses)和折叠眼镜(folding glasses)等。例如:
5. 3D movie glasses are exclusively used for viewing three-dimensional movies. 3D电影眼镜专门用于观看三维电影。
第五类眼镜是隐形眼镜(contact lens)。例如:
6. Contact lenses are considered as medical devices and can be worn to correct vision, or for cosmetic or therapeutic reasons. 隐形眼镜被认为是医用设备,可以戴上矫正视力,也可用于美容或治疗。