张铭 徐蔷 肖帆 孙敏
摘 要:目的 本實验采用腺嘌呤联合乙胺丁醇诱导大鼠高血尿酸症的造模方法,观察芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠的降血尿酸及抗氧化作用,并进一步观察大鼠肾脏的病变。方法 雄性SD大鼠105只适应性饲养一周,随机分组,每组15只,A组(正常对照组)、B组(模型对照组)、C组(西芹3000组)、D组(别嘌醇组)、E组(低剂量组)、F组(中剂量组)、G组(高剂量组)。模型组及各给药组分别给予腺嘌呤100 mg/(kg·d)+盐酸乙胺丁醇300 mg/(kg·d)于造成高尿酸动物模型,每天于造模后4 h给予治疗药物。C组给予西芹3000片,24 mg/100g体重,每100 g给予0.5 ml体积灌胃;D组给予别嘌醇2.4 mg/100g;D、F、G组分别给予芹菜籽提取物70、140、280 mg/100g(E组灌胃按照560 mg/100g体重灌胃一周后改为70 mg/100g体重芹菜籽提取物溶液)。模型组和对照组分别给予等体积的蒸馏水灌胃。大鼠每周记录体重。实验的第三周结束后,禁食12 h,取腹主脉血,检测肾功能指标、血清SOD、T-AOC活性和MDA水平以及肾脏病理切片。结果 造模过程中大鼠体重明显降低,药物治疗对大鼠体重无明显改善。模型组大鼠肾指数明显增加,药物治疗组队肾脏指数无明显改善,但是芹菜籽提取物中剂量的肾脏指数明显增加。模型组大鼠尿酸明显增加,肾功能明显降低,芹菜籽提取物低剂量和高剂量均能明显降低尿酸水平,提高大鼠肾脏功能。模型组大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶活性明显降低(P<0.001),西芹片和芹菜籽提取物可明显增加SOD活性。模型组大鼠总抗氧化能力明显增加,药物治疗对总抗氧化能力无明显影响。结论 芹菜籽提取物有明显降低尿酸的作用,以高剂量为优,且降尿酸效果和别嘌呤醇相似,优于西芹3000片;芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸大鼠肾功能有明显保护作用;芹菜籽提取物有明显抗氧化作用,表现为降低MDA和增加SOD,对总抗氧化作用不明显。
关键词:芹菜籽;高尿酸血症;血尿酸;SOD;T-AOC;MDA
中图分类号:R589.7 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.13.024
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)13-0084-04
Abstract:Objective By using adenine combined with ethambutanol to induce hyperuricemia in rats,the effects of celery seed extract on serum uric acid and antioxidation in hyperuricemia rats were observed.Methods 105 male SD rats were fed adaptively for one week and were randomly divided into two groups.There were 15 rats in each group,group A(normal control group),group B(model control group),group C(3000 group of celery),group D(allopurinol group),E group(low dose group),F group(middle dose group),G group (high dose group).The model group and each administration group were given adenine 100 mg/ (kg.d)+ethambutol 300 mg/(kg.d)to cause high uric acid animal model.Each day was given 4 h after making the model.Group C was given 3000 celery tablets,24 mg/100g weight and 0.5 ml volume per 100 g were given to gastric lavage;group D was given allopurinol 2.4 mg/100g;D,F,G group were given celery seed extracts 70,140,280 mg/100g respectively(E group gavage after 560 mg/100g weight to 70 mg/100g weight celery seed extract solution).The model group and the control group were given the same volume of distilled water to gavage the stomach.The rats recorded weight per week.At the end of the third week of the experiment,fasting for 12 h,taking the main vein blood of the abdomen, detecting the renal function index,serum SOD,T-AOC activity and MDA level,and pathological section of the kidney.Results The body weight of the rats was significantly reduced during the modeling process,and the drug treatment did not significantly improve the body weight of the rats.The kidney index of the model group was significantly increased,and the kidney index of the drug treatment group was not significantly improved,but the kidney index of the dose of celery seed extract was significantly increased.In the model group,the uric acid increased significantly and the renal function was significantly reduced.The low dose and high dose of celery seed extract could significantly reduce the uric acid level and improve the kidney function of rats.Serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.001),and the celery tablets and celery seed extracts significantly increased SOD activity.The total antioxidant capacity of the model group was significantly increased,and the drug treatment had no significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity.Conclusion The celery seed extract has a significant effect on reducing uric acid.It is superior in high dose,and the effect of reducing uric acid is similar to that of allopurinol.It is superior to celery 3000 tablets.The celery seed extract has obvious protective effect on the renal function of rats with high uric acid;the celery seed extract has obvious anti-oxidation effect,which is shown to reduce MDA and increase SOD,and the total antioxidant effect is not obvious.
Key words:Celery seed;Hyperuricemia;Blood uric acid;SOD;T-AOC;MDA
痛风是由单钠尿酸盐沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病,与嘌呤代谢紊乱和尿酸排泄减少所致的高尿酸血症直接相关。痛风最重要的生化基础是高尿酸血症。随着近年来生活水平的提高,高尿酸血症和痛风的发病率逐年上升。高尿酸血症与高血压、糖代谢紊乱、脂代谢紊乱、肥胖、动脉粥样硬化等症状常并存而且相互影响。本实验采用腺嘌呤联合乙胺丁醇诱导大鼠高血尿酸症的造模方法[1-6],观察芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠的降血尿酸及抗氧化作用 ,并进一步观察大鼠肾脏的病变。
1材料与方法
1.1试剂以及试剂盒 盐酸乙胺丁醇片(0.25 g×100片),上海上药信谊药厂有限公司;别嘌醇片(0.1 g×100片),上海信谊万象药业股份有限公司;西芹3000由安徽中森生物提供;腺苷酸,Solarbio Life Science;芹菜籽提取物,由安徽中森生物提供;T-AOC、MDA、SOD试剂盒,购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
1.2动物 雄性SD大鼠(啮齿目、鼠科、大鼠属)105只,体质量(240.01±10.00) g,购于山东济南,饲养于安徽大学生命科学学院实验动物中心,温度为18~26 ℃,相对湿度40%~70%,噪音65 dB以下,氨浓度20 PPm以下,普通大鼠颗粒饲料喂养,大鼠自由饮食饮水。大鼠给药造模前均处于健康状况,已通过动物伦理会批准。
1.3方法
1.3.1造模与给药 大鼠適应性饲养一周,随机分组,每组15只,分组如下:A:正常对照组;B:模型对照组;C:西芹3000组;D:别嘌醇组;E:芹菜籽提取物低剂量组(0.5倍剂量);F:芹菜籽提取物中剂量组(1倍剂量);G:芹菜籽提取物高剂量组(2倍剂量)。
模型组及各给药组分别给予腺嘌呤100 mg/(kg·d)+盐酸乙胺丁醇[3-6]300 mg/(kg·d)于造成高尿酸动物模型,每天于造模后4 h给予治疗药物。C组给予西芹3000片,24 mg/100g体重,每100 g给予0.5 ml体积灌胃;D组给予别嘌醇2.4 mg/100g;D、F、G组分别给予芹菜籽提取物70 mg/100g、140 mg/100g、280 mg/100g(E组灌胃按照560 mg/100g体重灌胃1周后改为70 mg/100g体重芹菜籽提取物溶液)。模型组和对照组分别给予等体积的蒸馏水灌胃。大鼠每周记录体重。
1.3.2指标检测 实验的第3周结束后,禁食12 h,称重,取腹主脉血,离心分离血清,肾功能指标送艾迪康生物检测公司检测,并按照说明书方法测血清SOD、T-AOC活性和MDA水平。取肾脏部分浸入福尔马林,送至公司测定病理。
1.4统计学方法 采用SPSS20.0对数据进行分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1实验过程中大鼠体重记录 造模过程中大鼠体重明显降低,药物治疗对大鼠体重无明显改善,见表1。
2.2芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠肾指数的影响 模型组大鼠肾指数明显增加,药物治疗组队肾脏指数无明显改善,但是芹菜籽提取物中剂量的肾脏指数明显增加,见表2。
2.3芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠抗氧化作用 模型组大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显降低(P<0.0001),西芹片和芹菜籽提取物可明显增肌SOD活性。模型组大鼠总抗氧化能力明显增加,药物治疗对总抗氧化能力无明显影响。模型组大鼠血清丙二醛(MDA)明显增加(P<0.01),芹菜籽提取物低中高浓度均使MDA明显增加(P<0.05),而对照药西芹片和别嘌呤醇对MDA无明显作用,见表3。
2.4芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸和肾功能的影响 模型组大鼠尿酸明显增加,肾功能明显降低,表现为Cr和BUN明显增加,别嘌呤醇能明显降低尿酸,芹菜籽提取物低剂量和高剂量均能明显降低尿酸水平,作用优于西芹片。别嘌呤醇和西芹3000片对高尿酸导致的大鼠肾功能降低无改善作用,但是芹菜籽提取物,尤其是高剂量能明显降低Cr和BUN,提高大鼠肾脏功能。见表4。
3讨论
痛风其实是机体蛋白质代谢紊乱,尿酸的合成增加或排出减少,造成高尿酸血症,当血尿酸浓度过高时,尿酸即以钠盐的形式沉积在关节、软组织、软骨和肾脏中,引起组织的异物炎性反应。尿酸由嘌呤代谢而来,正常人从饮食中摄取的嘌呤仅占20%左右,其余的嘌呤是在机体代谢过程中产生的。高尿酸血症是指在正常嘌呤饮食状态下,非同日两次空腹血尿酸水平男性高于420 μmol/L,女性高于360 μmol/L。
芹菜籽就是取自芹菜小小的花朵中,因而种子的体形也非常之小,呈卵形,颜色多为棕褐色或深棕色,含桉油醇、磷甲氧基酚,伞花内酯、芹菜素、亚麻酸、挥发性油脂、黄酮、硼,矿物质(钙、镁、钠、锌等)。芹菜籽中芹菜素含量是芹菜中的50倍,对于降低血尿酸有着很好的效果。
本实验采用腺嘌呤联合乙胺丁醇诱导大鼠高血尿酸症的造模方法,有效还原了人体内高尿酸血症形成过程。在本实验造模时间内,芹菜籽提取物有明显降低尿酸的作用,以高剂量为优,且降尿酸效果和别嘌呤醇相似,优于西芹3000片;芹菜籽提取物对高尿酸大鼠肾功能有明显保护作用,进一步作用有待于病理切片证实,而别嘌呤醇和西芹3000片对肾功能无保护作用;芹菜籽提取物有明显抗氧化作用,表现为降低MDA和增加SOD,对总抗氧化作用不明显。
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收稿日期:2018-3-23;修回日期:2018-4-3
编辑/杨倩