安徽 蒋安君
同学们,请看皖东地区英语竞赛题中的一道单项选择题。
______her new book______next year?
A.Has;been come out B.Will;come out
C.Will;be come out D.Was;come out
题干的句意为“她的书明年将会出版吗?”正确的答案是B项。我们通过阅卷发现,有很多考生误选了C项。
为什么会误选呢?原因是他们把不及物动词短语come out(出版)当作了及物动词短语,因此选了一般将来时的被动语态形式。
上述实例说明,我们很有必要重温一下不及物动词的特点:
1.不及物动词作谓语时,其后不接宾语(不及物动词和适当的介词搭配时才可以接宾语)。
2.由于作谓语的不及物动词不接宾语,所以没有被动语态形式。
3.由于不及物动词没有被动语态形式,所以谓语动词前面不能有be(进行时态除外)。
由此可见,不及物动词属于“三无动词”,它们不能用于被动语态。只有部分不及物动词能以主动语态形式表示被动意义。在初中英语课本中已经接触过的不及物动词(短语),如:happen,take place,grow up,appear(出现),disappear(消失),break out(发生),come about(发生),get up,rise,fall,sink,show up(出现,到场)等都没有被动语态。现以happen一词为例进一步巩固其用法,请注意观察:
1.日本正在发生地震。
误:Japan is happening an earthquake.
正:An earthquake is happening in Japan.(happen用于进行时态,所以前面有be)
2.去年日本发生了地震。
误:An earthquake was happened in Japan last year.
正:An earthquake happened in Japan last year.
3.下个月日本将会发生地震。
误:An earthquake will be happened in Japan next month.
正:An earthquake will happen in Japan next month.
4.日本已经发生了地震。
误:An earthquake has been happened in Japan.
正:An earthquake has happened in Japan.
【口诀助记】
不及物动词无宾、被,除了进行前外皆无be。
【考场夺冠】
1.As time______,you will come to think of English as your friend and love it. 【2014·安徽中考试题】
A.goes by B.is gone by C.runs out D.was turned up
2.The plane flew so fast that it______in the sky soon. 【2016·合肥中考模拟题】
A.will disappear B.was disappeared C.has disappeared D.disappeared
3.______the sun______in the east? 【2017·定远十校联考题】
A.Does;rise B.Has;been risen C.Will;be rising D.Is;risen
4.I hear the Olympic Games______every four years. 【2018·鸡西中考检测题】
A.take place B.took place C.are taken place D.will take place
(答案见64页)