Module 4Great Scientists

词汇短语园地

1. educate vt. 教育；教导

She was educated in China and now is living in Korea.

她是在中国受的教育，现在住在韩国。

The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the old.

这一运动旨在教育公众尊重老人。

educate sb in/on sth 在某事上教育某人

Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.

有必要对儿童进行吸毒有害的教育。

education n. 教育

educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的

educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的

2. support vt. 支持；帮助；支撑；养（家）

n. 支持；帮助；支撑（物）

If you raise the question at the meeting， Ill support you.

如果你在会上提出这个问题，我将支持你。

Support the babys head when you hold it.

抱婴儿时要把他的头托住。

Mark has one child to support from his second marriage.

马克得供养他第二次婚姻生的一个孩子。

There is strong public support for the change.

公众强烈支持这一变革。

Her family and friends have given her lots of support.

家人和朋友給了她很多帮助。

When my father died， I became the real support.

我父亲死后， 我成了真正的顶梁柱。

in support of 支持……

come to ones support 支持某人

Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.

只有几个人表示支持这一提议。

We found the new evidence to come to his support.

我们找到新的证据来支持他。

3. replace vt. 取代，代替；把……放回原处

The new design will finally replace all existing models.

新的设计最终将会取代所有现有的型号。

I picked them up and replaced them in the bag.

我捡起它们，放回袋子。

replace sb/sth with/by sb/sth 用……替换；以……接替

It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.

不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。

Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.

在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。

4. explode vt. 使爆炸；vi. 爆炸

explosion n. 爆炸

There was a huge sudden bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.

突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭。

Bombs were exploding all around the city.

城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。

More than one hundred people were injured in the explosion.

一百多人在这次爆炸中受伤。

explode into/with... 突然发生……

We all exploded into wild laughter.

我们都突然大笑起来。

Tom exploded with rage.

汤姆勃然大怒。

explosive adj. 会爆炸的；爆炸性的

5. escape v. 逃跑；逃脱

n. 逃跑；逃脱

Two prisoners have escaped.

两名囚犯逃走了。

When he was a child he often escaped into a dream world of his own.

小时候他常常躲进自己的梦想世界中。

I had a narrow escape.

我是死里逃生。

There was no hope of escape from her miserable marriage.

她没有希望从不幸的婚姻中解脱出来。

escape from... 从……逃跑；逃脱

She managed to escape from the burning car.

她设法从燃烧的汽车里成功逃脱了出来。

escaped adj. 逃跑了的

6. clear v. 移走，清除；（烟、雾等）消散

I had cleared my desk before I left.

离开前，我把桌子清理干净了。

The fog wont clear until tomorrow.

雾明天才会消散。

clear away 消散，散去

clear...of... 移走/清除……中的……

clear...off... 从……中移走/清除……

The mist cleared away as the sun came out.

太阳出来雾就消散了。

I cleared my desk of papers and got down to work.

我清理好桌上的文件后開始工作。

Clear all those papers off the desk.

把桌上所有那些文件都拿走。

7. producer n. 生产者；制片人

production n. 生产；产量；作品；

演出（的剧）

Libya is one of major oil producers.

利比亚是主要石油生产国之一。

Who is the producer of this film？

谁是这部电影的制片人？

Production of the new aircraft will start next year.

新飞机的生产将于明年开始。

It is important not to let production fall.

重要的是别让产量下滑。

Every year the school puts on a musical production.

这所学校每年都上演一部音乐剧。

produce v. 生产；制造

n. 产品；（尤指）农产品

product n. 产品；制品；（自然、化学或工业过程

的）产物

productive adj. 生产的；多产的；有效益的

8. breakthrough n. 突破

Scientists always try their best to make a breakthrough in their own fields.

科学家们总是尽他们最大的努力在他们各自的领域取得突破。

An important breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved.

谈判已取得了重大突破。

breakthrough是由短语break through构成的合成名词，英语中有很多类似的例子。如：

break out 爆发→outbreak n. 爆发

break down 故障→breakdown n. 故障

burst out 突然开始（做某事）→outburst n. 爆发，迸发

come out 出来，结果是→outcome n. 结果；效果

put out 生产→ output n. 产量

9. quantity n. 数量（作不可数名词，和质量相对；

作可数名词，指具体数量）

quality n. 质量（作不可数名词，和数量相对）；

（人的）品质（可数名词）

I prefer quality to quantity.

我重质不重量。

This hotel buys a vast quantity of meat every day.

这个酒店每天都要买很多肉。

Quality is more important than quantity.

质量比数量重要。

He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.

他有成为成功商人的所有品质。

be of good/bad quality 质量好/不好

in quality 质量方面

in quantity 大量的

a large/small quantity of 大量/少量的……

The machine is of good/bad quality.

这机器质量好/不好。

It is often cheaper to buy goods in quantity.

批量购物一般比较便宜。

Put a small quantity of sugar into the coffee.

放少量糖到咖啡里。

The police found a large quantity of drugs at his home.

警方在他家发现了大量毒品。

quantitative adj. 数量上的；定量的

qualitative adj. 性质上的；定性的

比较：quantity，number，amount的区别

quantity可与可数及不可数名词连用，number只与可数名词连用；amount只与不可数名词连用。

My birthday wish is that I can have a large quantity of presents/money.

我的生日愿望是能有很多礼物/钱。

I could give you any number of reasons for not going.

我可以给你许多不去的理由。

No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the swimming pool.

再怎样鼓励，他也不肯往游泳池里跳。

10. as a result of 作为……的结果；由于

She died as a result of her injuries.

她由于受伤而死亡。

As a result of her hard work， she won the scholarship.

由于努力学习，她获得了奖学金。

比较：as a result of 和as a result的区別

as a result of 作为……的结果（引出状语）

as a result 结果……（作状语）

He was late as a result of a heavy snow.

他由于大雪而迟到了。

As a result， he became successful at the age of 45.

结果，他在45岁时成功了。

表示原因的短语：

because of/thanks to/owing to/due to/as a consequence of 由于，因为……

背景大链接

Science Hero： Jules Verne科学英雄：儒勒··凡尔纳

儒勒·凡尔纳（Jules Verne，1828年2月8日—1905年3月24日），法国小说家、博物学家，现代科幻小说的重要开创者之一。他一生写了六十多部科幻小说，总题为《在已知和未知的世界漫游》。他因其大量著作和突出贡献，被誉为“科幻小说之父”。

Thats right the time for the Science Hero Award， where we honor a particular man or woman from history who made a contribution to science. Todays Science Hero， though， wasnt a scientist at all， but a science fiction writer. In fact， he was one of the pioneers of the genre of science fiction.

Jules Verne is our hero. Jules Verne was born in France in 1828 and originally studied to be a lawyer. But he was fascinated with the exploration of nature and the world. Also， he loved writing. In his writing he was able to bring scientific ideas to a general audience. If he were alive today， hed probably be writing for us.

Jules Verne also wanted to challenge people to think about new things that science could bring them. His stories were full of fantastic machines， but they were always things that could in principle be constructed. Because of this combination of knowledge and imagination， he was able to anticipate many things that now actually exist.

For example， you may know that in his novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea， Verne imagined an enclosed boat that could travel underwater—what we now call a submarine. But did you know that on board his submarine he put another imaginary device， the electric stove？ Or that he was one of the first to suggest putting people inside a giant bullet and firing it at the moon？ Thats not quite how we got there， but the principle is much the same.

那正好是颁科学英雄奖的时间，我们以此纪念那些在历史上为科学做出贡献的个人。然而今天的科学英雄根本不是科学家，而是一位科幻小说作者。事实上，他是该体裁的先驱之一。

儒勒·凡尔纳是我们的英雄。他于1828年出生在法国，起初他是学习法律的。但他对探索自然和世界十分着迷，而且他喜欢写作。在他的作品中，他能将科学概念带给读者。如果他还活着，他很可能还在为我们创作。

儒勒·凡尔纳也想挑战人们去思考科学可能带给他们的新事物。他的故事中充满奇妙的机器，但都总是理论上可以创造出来的东西。由于知识和想象力的结合，他能预见很多现在确实存在的事物。

比如，在凡尔纳的《海底两万里》中，你可能知道他设想了一艘可以在海底穿梭的船——我们现在称之为潜水艇。但你知道在其潜水艇上，他放置了另一件想象的工具——电炉吗？或者说他是第一个建议把人放在巨型炮弹里，瞄准月球发射的人之一吗？虽然我们并不是那样登上月球的，但理论上大致相同。