花样频出的raise

徐勇士

raise一词形式简单，但内涵丰富，让我们一起来领略一下吧。我们先试着翻译以下句子，看看raise一词在各句中的含义。

1.Tom raised his eyes from his work.

2.We raised the fence and fixed it in position.

3.We should raise the standards of service.

4.The story raises doubts and fears in people's minds.

5.The film raises many important issues for our consideration.

6.We haven't raised enough funds for our research.

7.I was raised by my grandfather.

8.I have got a raise of 200 dollars this month.

上面八个例句的意思分别是：1.汤姆停下工作举目观看。2.我们把篱笆竖起来并固定住。3.我们应该提高服务水平。4.这个故事引起了人们的怀疑和恐惧。5.该电影提出了许多重要的问题，值得考虑。6.我们的研究还没有筹备到足够的基金。7.我是由祖父抚养大的。8.这个月我获得了200美元加薪。

由上可见，raise一词主要有八层含义：1.lift or move something to a higher level；cause to rise，即“提起，抬起”；2.move something or somebody to an upright position，即“竖起，扶起”；3.increase the amount or volume or heighten the level of something，即“提高”；4.cause something to arise or appear，即“引起，激起”；5.bring something up for discussion or attention；put forward，即“将（某事物）提出讨论或引起注意”；6.bring something or collect something together，即“筹集，筹备”；7.bring up a child，et.，即“抚养”；8.用作名詞，表示“增加”。

再看看下面几个句子，raise都是什么意思呢？

1.The girl raised her hand immediately the teacher asked a question.

2.The man raised Zhang Xiaofan from his knees，telling him that he wished to save Biyao but he wasn't able to.

3.He raised his offer to 500 dollars.

4.I am glad you raised that point.

5.It's difficult to raise a family on a small income.

6.The teachers organized various activities to raise money for the su rvivors in the earthquake.

【注意】raise，rise和arise三个词意思接近，要注意区别。raise表示“举起；抬起；使升起”时为及物动词，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。rise表示“升起，上升；起立”，如自然界的日月星辰雾云的上升以及人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来。rise为不及物动词，后面不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。

例如：The sun rises red.太阳升起红艳艳。

She rises early in the morning.她早晨起得很早。

arise表示“发生，出现，呈现”，为不及物动词，通常和一些介词搭配构成短语，如arise out of/from表示“因某物而产生，造成，引起”。

例如：Accidents often arise from carelessness.事故常起因于粗心。

These changes arise from differences in climate and the nature of the country.这些变化是由这个国家的气候和自然环境产生的。

【拓展】raise一词可以构成一些习惯表达，常见的如下：

1.raise the roof大发雷霆

例如：I'd better clean my room，otherwise my mother would raise the roof.我最好清理一下房间，不然我母亲会非常生气。

2.raise one's eyebrows表示轻蔑或惊讶

例如：There were many raised eyebrows when he won the first prize.他赢得了一等奖，很多人表示吃惊。

3.raise the temperature加剧紧张气氛

例如：This topic raised the temperature of our discussion.这个话题使我们讨论的气氛顿时紧张起来。

英语中有很多像raise一样的词，形式十分简单，但内涵极其丰富，所以我们在学习过程中对这样的词应给与足够的重视，注意积累。endprint