王卓龙 王芳 王艳明
[摘要] 目的 研究SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg 细胞变化。 方法 选取2015年1月~2018年3月在广州医科大学附属第二医院确诊为系统性红斑狼疮56例患者和对照组体检健康者30例,分别抽取外周静脉血分离PBMC,加入FITC-单克隆鼠抗人CD19抗体、 PE-单克隆鼠抗人CD24抗体、 APC-单克隆鼠抗人CD38抗体, 室温避光作用后,流式细胞仪检测CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg細胞。 结果 SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg细胞为(2.86±1.39)%,对照组为(4.07±1.48)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.781,P<0.01)。活动期、非活动期SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg 细胞分别为(2.10±1.09)% vs (3.62±1.25)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.854,P<0.01)。10例SLE患者治疗前、后外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞分别为(2.28±1.24)% vs (3.34±0.78)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.386,P<0.01)。 结论 SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg细胞减少,可能参与SLE发病,可能是观察疗效的指标。
[关键词] 红斑狼疮;系统性;调节性B细胞;CD19
[中图分类号] R359.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)32-0015-04
Study on CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
WANG Zhuolong WANG Fang WANG Yanming
Department of Rheumatology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the changes of CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE. Methods A total of 56 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were diagnosed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and 30 healthy subjects in the control group from January 2015 to March 2018 were selected. The peripheral venous blood was drawn to separate PBMC. The FITC-monoclonal mouse anti-human CD19 antibody, PE-monoclonal mouse anti-human CD24 antibody, and APC- monoclonal mouse anti-human CD38 antibody were added. After staying away from light at room temperature, CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results The CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the the peripheral blood in patients with SLE were (2.86±1.39)%, and the control group was(4.07±1.48)%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=3.781, P<0.01). The CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood during the active and inactive phase in SLE patients were(2.10±1.09)% vs (3.62±1.25)%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.854, P<0.01). CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood of 10 patients with SLE before and after treatment were(2.28±1.24)% vs(3.34±0.78)%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.386, P<0.01). Conclusion The decrease of CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, which may be an observation index of curative effect.
[Key words] Lupus erythematosus; Systemic; Regulatory B cells; CD19
系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种累及全身多个器官系统的自身免疫性疾病,患者血清中存在抗核抗体(ANA)、抗双链DNA抗体等多种自身抗体。目前人们治疗SLE药物包括糖皮质激素、羟氯喹、吗替麦考酚酯、环磷酰胺等。虽然SLE预后获得明显改善,但是感染、肾功能衰竭、中枢神经狼疮、早发血管硬化导致的心脑血管事件仍是其主要死亡原因[1]。CD4+ T淋巴细胞异常活化刺激B淋巴细胞不断产生自身抗体是SLE发病的重要机制[1]。B淋巴细胞免疫耐受性被破坏是其发病重要原因[2]。以往认为,B淋巴细胞通过产生特异性抗体、提呈抗原产生共刺激分子活化T细胞并通过细胞因子发挥免疫作用,但近年来研究证实部分B淋巴细胞还能通过分泌IL-10、TGF-β等发挥调节免疫功能[3]。
CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg是分泌IL-10的主要B淋巴细胞,它具有抑制免疫应答的重要功能[4]。目前有关CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg细胞与SLE之间关系尚不清楚,患者经治疗后其变化情况未见报道[5,6]。因此我们开展本研究以探讨SLE患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg细胞变化意义。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
(1)SLE组:选取2015年1月~2018年3月在广州医科大学附属第二医院住院或门诊患者56例,其中男3例,女53例,年龄18~48岁,平均(26.8±6.8)岁,SLE病程1个月~6年,平均病程(23.4±21.9)个月。入选标准:符合美国风湿病协会1997年修正的关于SLE诊断标准[7]。排除标准:合并有其他风湿性疾病(如类风湿关节炎、干燥综合征、硬皮病)、感染性疾病、肿瘤等。(2)对照组:体检健康者30例,其中男2例,女28例,年龄18~49岁,平均(29.4±8.3)岁。两组的年龄、性别比经统计学检验无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
根据SLEDAI评分对SLE患者分组[8]:(1)活动期SLE:SLEDAI评分≥5分,28例,其中男2例,女26例,年龄18~46岁,平均(27.1±6.9)岁。(2)非活动期SLE:SLEDAI评分<5分,28例,其中男1例,女27例,年龄18~48岁,平均(26.7±6.8)岁。两组的年龄、性别比等比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
本研究获得广州医科大学附属第二医院伦理委员会通过并取得研究对象的知情同意。
1.2 材料
淋巴细胞分离液购自天津灏阳生物制品公司。FITC-单克隆鼠抗人CD19抗体、PE-单克隆鼠抗人CD24抗体、APC-单克隆鼠抗人CD38抗体购自eBioscience公司。多聚甲醛固定液购自Sigma公司。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mo-nonuclear cell,PBMC)分离 分别抽取患者和对照组外周静脉血5 mL,EDTA抗凝,加等体积淋巴细胞分层液于15 mL锥形离心管。Ficoll-Hypaque 密度梯度离心法分离PBMC。
1.3.2 CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg细胞检测 取上述分离PBMC,加入FITC-单克隆鼠抗人CD19、 PE-单克隆鼠抗人CD24、 APC-单克隆鼠抗人CD38,室温避光作用30分,PBS洗涤。离心后去上清液、重悬细胞,1%多聚甲醛固定,Navios流式细胞分析仪检测。同时设同型对照、单阳对照。
1.3.3 其他 抗核抗体(ANA)、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体检查采用免疫荧光法。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS19.0 软件进行统计学分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验。计数资料以%表示,采用χ2检验。相关性分析采用Pearson相关性检验。P<0.05(双侧)为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 SLE患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞变化
流式细胞分析仪检测CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞设门见图1。SLE组CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 细胞为(2.86±1.39)%,对照组CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞为(4.07±1.48)%。两组比较,SLE组CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 细胞水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.781,P<0.01)。
2.2 活动期SLE组和非活动期SLE组CD19+CD24hi CD38hi Breg细胞比较
活动期SLE组外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞为(2.10±1.09)%,非活动期SLE组外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞为(3.62±1.25)%。两组比较,活动期SLE组外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 细胞水平明显低于非活动期SLE组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.854,P<0.01)。
2.3 SLE患者CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg 细胞治療前后比较
10例活动期SLE患者治疗前外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞为(2.28±1.24)%,经治疗3~6个月后病情好转,复查外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞为(3.34±0.78)%。两组比较,治疗后SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞水平高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(t=4.386,P<0.01)
2.4 相关分析
SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞表达与血清补体C3(r=0.165,P=0.224)、补体C4(r=0.019,P=0.889)、IgG(r=0.127,P=0.352)、IgA(r=0.191,P=0.158)、IgM(r=0.157,P=0.247)、抗ds-DNA抗体(r=0.111,P=0.416)均无相关性。
3 讨论
传统B淋巴细胞通过产生特异性抗体、提呈抗原产生共刺激分子活化T细胞并通过细胞因子发挥免疫作用。1974年Katz等在接触性皮炎小鼠模型中发现小鼠脾脏B淋巴细胞能够抑制迟发型超敏反应[9]。这种B淋巴细胞与传统B淋巴细胞不同,它们对免疫应答和炎性反应有调节作用,被命名为调节性B细胞(regulatory B cell,Breg)[4,10]。
Breg分为IL-10-producing Breg、TGF-β producing Breg、Foxp3-expressing Breg[11]。IL-10-producing Breg 通过分泌IL-10影响B淋巴细胞和致病性T细胞之间的相互作用而抑制病理性免疫反应[3,12]。TGF-β producing Breg 通过分泌TGF-β等发挥调节免疫作用,Foxp3-expressing Breg表达Foxp3发挥调节免疫作用[11]。
随着对调节性B细胞深入研究,目前人们已经知道在人类CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞是分泌IL-10的主要B淋巴细胞[13]。其在多種自身免疫性疾病如胶原诱导关节炎[14,15]、炎症性肠病[16]、1型糖尿病[17]和实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎[18]中发挥着重要的免疫调节作用。
本研究发现SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg减少,活动期SLE组外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg细胞水平低于非活动期SLE组,结果与文献报道类似[5]。其减少机制尚不明确,有待进一步研究。
CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg免疫负调节功能在SLE患者中可能发生改变。正常人CD40组成性表达于成熟B细胞。体外实验证实在CD40受刺激后,CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg分泌IL-10而抑制Thl细胞分化[6];抑制CD4+辅助性T细胞分泌干扰素(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的作用;通过TGF-β1使CD4+CD25-效应T细胞转化为 CD4+FoxP3+Tregs[19]。SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg对CD40的刺激反应降低,分泌IL-10减少,缺乏正常人体内这类细胞亚群的抑制作用[5,6]。
CD4+ T细胞过度活化刺激B淋巴细胞产生ANA、抗ds-DNA抗体等多种自身抗体是SLE重要发病机制[1]。CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg由于数量减少和功能变化,导致其免疫负调节功能受损,不能抑制CD4+ T细胞过度活化,可能参与SLE的发病过程。
本研究还发现,SLE患者经治疗病情好转后,外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg细胞较前明显上升,显示其可能是病情好转的一个观察指标,值得进一步研究。
综上所述,SLE患者外周血CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg减少,可能起着免疫负性调节功能参与SLE发病,可能是观察疗效的指标,有待进一步研究。
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(收稿日期:2018-06-22)