Culture Self-Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization —— Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

Wang Yan,Shi Wenjun

(Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003)

Ⅰ.Globalization of English

Language is a carrier of culture,while culture,politics,and economy are known as the three major social parts of the world.English globalization uses English as a link,dominated by western countries,mainly Britain and the United States,accompanied by the aggression of western countries’ politics and economy.As the British writer Charles Dickens mentioned in his novel Tale of Two Cities:“It is the best of times.It is the worst times.” On one hand,English Globalization uses English as lingua franca for better understanding and close contacting among countries all over the world.The world turns into an integrated family by English.It is often said that Chinese is spoken by a maximum number of people in the world while English is the most widely used language around the world.In the 18th century,the Great Britain began to invade other countries,known as the empire on which the sun never sets.By this way,English is spreading throughout the world.Until now,people can still find countries ever been ruled as the British colonies,top from the United States,the world overload,down to the developing countries as India,and even Hong Kong,China,still regarding the English as their native language or official language.Furthermore,there is no doubt that English is the most traditional language in the world.The history of speaking English can date back to 4000BC.People also notice that the collection of legal instruments or historical records in every corner of famous international library are of English version,of great majority.It can be concluded that as long as mastering the English,people can learn to get to know more friends,more knowledge and culture.

On the other hand,as a lingua franca,English is used to invade various countries by the way of cultural infiltration,and then to invade the political and economic parts of these countries.In other words,as long as English used for communication,its cultural values of western countries will never stop the step of cultural invasion.

Have you ever experienced such an awkward situation around you? The young people always talk endlessly about how interested the Disneyland,Hollywood animations and Marvel Comics belonging to the United States are,but if you ask him to introduce the story of lofty mountains and flowing water (Gao Shan Liu Shui) — a Chinese classical story that expresses the importance of precious friendship,they cannot say any single word.A youngster talks about what the most famous place is in the Great Britain without any hesitation,like the famous university,Cambridge,Big Ben or Buckingham Palace.Nevertheless,he hesitates for a long time when referring to anything in relation to the Forbidden City,the Great Wall and Terracotta Army,what else worthy to be visited in China.What’s more,some Chinese young people even don’t know the exact number of Chinese provinces or autonomous regions at all while they can recite the whole map of the United States.Actually,Chinese people can be really proud of their wisdom because they can speak English as fluently as a native one,or even more fluently than their mother tongue.However it’s high time that we should keep alert.Chinese people pay too much attention to Western culture so that he may forget the root of Chinese culture.These examples show that the globalization of English exerts its great influence on people’s daily life in an imperceptible way.Culture is similar to the boiling water,in which a frog can feel the danger atmosphere immediately,then jumping out of danger quickly.Yet in warm water,the frog dies slowly with ease.Chinese people should build a sense of crisis in the world of English globalization.For Chinese people,they should build up their own cultural awareness comprehensively,tapping their excellent traditional culture in time,getting the world involve in the atmosphere of Chinese culture as much as possible when engaged in the torrent of English Globalization.

Actually China is in the path of spreading their own culture now.China is inevitably involved in the torrent of English globalization,but China also actively takes part in English globalized world.Since the millennium,history has witnessed the rapid development of comprehensive national strength in China,like proposing the establishment of the BRICS summit (Brazil,India,South African Russia and China summit),participating in the trade communication of CAFTA (China — ASEAN Free Trade Area),G20 summit,WTO (World Trade Organization),cooperating with other countries in Peacekeeping operations.It is particularly worth mentioning that China proposed the Belt and Road Initiatives in 2015 and put it into practice in 2016.Since the ancient time,One Belt and One Road has always been a window to show the Chinese culture and Chinese style,which contains a wealth of Chinese philosophy.To a large extent,the fact that the Belt and Road Initiative carries out successfully reflects the awakening of Culture Self-Consciousness.That is to say,Chinese philosophy which existed in The Belt and Road Initiative offers the world a better understanding of China.By analyzing the Belt and Road Initiative,people can easily found Chinese world output,life output and values.

Ⅱ.Culture Self-Consciousness:the belt and road initiative in Chinese philosophy

China owns both successful and unsuccessful experience in broadcasting its philosophy.In interior surroundings,many schools of philosophy turned up since the ancient time,which people called all flowers are in bloom and hundreds of schools of thoughts contend.From this point of view,it is successful for China to propaganda its philosophy.However,in exterior surrounding,China fails to make world understand Chinese philosophy more clearly before the Belt and Road initiative turning up.People can easily find that the Belt and Road initiative is a successful strategy to broadcast Chinese outlook of world,life and values.

Since the Spring and Autumn Period,philosophical thinking has been deeply rooted in the hearts of Chinese.To sum up,Chinese philosophy includes five aspects:heart perseverance,self-cultivation,family governance,country ruling,and how to tackle the relationship with other countries.Five components is a continual process in which the parts relate to each other.Hence people can analyze the Belt and Road Initiative from these aspects to find the Culture Self-Consciousness of Chinese nation.

The Belt and Road Initiative refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road,the trade routes linking Asian,African and Europe,originating from ancient Chinese,which is also the main road between the East and West in the economic,political,cultural exchanging.Now,One Belt and One Road is throughout the whole Asia-Europe continent,from the developed European economic zone in the westward to the developing Asian economic zone in the eastward,while in the middle of areas is the potential market of Middle East countries.The Belt and Road Initiative holds the principle of wide consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits as cooperative basis,regarding the spirits of peaceful cooperation,inclusive openness,mutual learning and win-win benefits as guidance,aiming to construct a community of common destiny and common interest.According to the fact that the Belt and Road Initiative is welcomed by other countries,Chinese philosophy and values are gradually recognized by the world.So,what kind of Chinese philosophy we can learn in the Belt and Road Initiative?

1.Chinese philosophy:heart perseverance

Firstly,from the point of how the Belt and Road Initiative comes up,as an old saying goes:“don’t refrain from an act of kindness,no matter how small;don’t do anything unethical just because it seems insignificant”,which puts emphasis on keeping the heart in kindness.Mencius puts forward the idea that noble people should show benevolence to others.In other words,people should aim at helping others,with good intention.So caught in the torrent of English globalization,faced with complex and unstable international situation,like Britain exiting from the EU (European Union),the United States withdrawing itself from TPP (The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Deal),China should not blame the terrible circumstance,moreover,China has nothing to do but to stick to its target — developing democracy and economy.For the reason that different standings vary from one country to another,all countries and nations take various ways of dealing with affairs.Considering the factors of the world situation and its own demand,China comes to a conclusion that in order to realize sustainable development,China must cooperate with and extend good relationship with neighboring countries by making good use of all resources.So the Belt and Road Initiative comes into being,and wins the hot applause from other countries.

2.Chinese philosophy:self-cultivation

When people talk about the four beliefs of the Belt and Road Initiative — peaceful cooperation,inclusive openness,mutual learning and win-win benefits,they can easily find Chinese philosophy of self-cultivation,that is,to develop the doctrine of benevolence,justice,allegiance,and forbearance.Confucius in the Spring and Autumn period once said that don’t impose on others what you don’t desire yourself.As the host of the Belt and Road Initiative,China introduces it in detail and extends its sincere invitation to other countries.For one thing,owing to ideological and political differences of countries involving in the Belt and Road Initiative around the world,furthermore due to the Belt and Road Initiative involved in different interests of all parties in the world,the problem of how countries better cooperate with each other in the Belt and Road Initiative must be paid more attention to.So China appeals to the doctrine that mutual understanding,mutual tolerance,mutual forgiveness once said by Confucius,from which foreign countries understand more deeply that only by the ways of shelving disputes and seeking common interests can the rapid development of all countries be realized.For another thing,the goal of the Belt and Road Initiative is to construct a community of common destiny,responsibility and interests.Zhu Xi in Song dynasty once said that dealing with things but not seeking personal gains,clarifying the essence of matters without thinking about what reward it will give.China comes up with the Belt and Road Initiative in the way aiming to make the whole world understand the connotation of Chinese culture and Chinese stand.Except that emphasizing the Belt and Road Initiative is not only for the sake of Chinese own profits or renowned fame but for the progress and development of all countries,which is totally different from the Marshall Plan (a plan that the United States controls the western countries by assisting them in economy) and also breaks the ridicule rumor of China threat theory.

3.Chinese philosophy:the relationship with other countries

It is very complicated to tackle the relationship with other countries.From Chinese philosophy,Confucius once said:“The man of virtue,while establishing himself and pursing success,also works to establish others and enable them to succeed as well.” What is the meaning of “establish”?In a broad sense,in the process of pursuing the survival and development,China not only needs to develop itself but to help other countries gain better survival and development.Confucius once also said:“All men living in the world are brothers in one family.” When China takes steps one by one with its own great effort,the problem of how to make neighboring countries as rich as China turns into the focus of both China and the whole world.That is what the Chinese philosophy describe its ideal world:“the society of great harmony (Da Tong)”.The Belt and Road Initiative is regarded as China’s top strategy,which have a profound reflection of China’s philosophy.Based on the thorough investigation,the achievements of the Belt and Road Initiative include the project of constructing pipeline of China-Asian natural gas,constructing Hydropower Station and introducing the high-speed rail technology to poor transportation areas,which benefits more than a dozen of countries around China,not to mention,thousands of people are also being benefited.

At the opening ceremony of the G20 Summit in 2016,President Xi Jinping of People’s Republic of China once again stressed in his speech:“I put forward the Belt and Road initiative so as to share China’s development opportunities and to achieve common prosperity among countries around the China.” In short,the Belt and Road initiative contends the Chinese philosophy thinking that is be good on your own when you are poor,and share with others when you are rich.

Zhuxi in Song dynasty and Wang shouren in Ming dynasty propose Ge Wu Zhi Zhi and Zhi Xing He Yi respectively,which have a deep impact on the Belt and Road initiative.What does Ge Wu Zhi Zhi mean?It means that to study the phenomena of nature in order to acquire knowledge;to study the nature of things.The Belt and Road initiative is a specific thought that can be applied to all countries based on their own countries’ conditions.For example,areas of central Asia are rich in natural gas resources for which the Chinese have a vast demand.So China signs a cooperation contact with Countries of central Asian like Russia,Iran and Iraqi,agreeing on the trade exchange especially on natural gas.On one hand,it meets China’s demand for natural gas;on the other hand,it promotes the economic development of central Asian countries.So tackling with problems from the reality is the main feature of The Belt and Road initiative.

How about Zhi Xing He Yi?Actually,it aims at achieving the integration between knowledge and actions.Nevertheless,the complete doctrine of Zhi Xing He Yi is “Zhi Liang Zhi and Zhi Xing He Yi”.“Liang Zhi” means the Conscience,conforming with the idea of showing benevolence to others.That is to say,the Belt and Road initiative is the thinking of being kind,benefiting all countries in complex globalization surroundings.And then the combination of knowledge and practice is to combine the strengths and knowledge with practical action.For example,not long ago,the Renaissance EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) has been opened with the speed of 350 km per hour,which reflects China’s leading position of technology in high-speed railway and China power.As we all know,the main constructed project is the cross-border railway.China uses its advanced EMU technology to assist Countries of Central Asian to construct railways,improving mutual exchanges in political area,driving economic development and even cultural communication.It totally reflects Chinese philosophy of achieving the integration between knowledge and actions.

Nowadays,the Belt and Road initiative is still in a hot discussion and concern by people all over the world.Someone stands one side with China firmly and quickly,and also someone takes little notice of the initiative,and even someone takes exception to the initiative.But Chinese people deeply convince that time and tide reveals the fact.As a channel of exchanging politics,economy and culture between China and other countries,after a comprehensive understanding of China own cultural traditions,the Belt and Road initiative puts into practice,demonstrating the philosophical backgrounds of China and also a correct application of brilliant Chinese philosophy.Hence,for better development,it is high time that Chinese people should take advantage of Chinese values and outlook to make the world have a better understanding of China.

Ⅲ.China communication after its culture Self-Consciousness

With a long history of five thousand years,China philosophy experiences several times of ups and downs,but it still shines even more brightly as time goes by.We have to recognize the fact that Chinese philosophy is one of the most important parts of Chinese culture.To use Chinese philosophy to guide the realistic activities is called culture self-consciousness.It refers that people living in a certain cultural and historical circles of their culture have their own cultural root,and have a basic understanding of their cultural background.In other words,culture self-consciousness is the cultural self-awakening,self-reflection and self-creation.

There is no doubt that the Belt and Road Initiative has extended Chinese philosophy.It is China that makes a correct judgment after fully excavating its essence of traditional culture and throws it into practice successfully.In the torrent of English globalization,the Belt and Road highlights the Chinese characteristics,meanwhile,China should be fully aware of the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness.Only when we stick to our root of culture can we not be overthrew by western countries in ideological aspects.President Xi Jinping of People’s Republic of China once said excellent traditional culture provides rich and ideological nutrition for Communist Party of China governance.

1.The differences between cultural communication and cultural aggression

To be frank,English globalization,in some extent,is cultural aggression dominating by western countries through language-English.As English globalization is to use English as a key to output western values,China can learn from western countries,by a similar but not an identical way that is by making good use of China’s traditional culture,like Chinese philosophy.In other words,usage of Chinese culture in strengthening external publicity will get more people involved in understanding China’s philosophy,world outlook and values.Simultaneously,it is well-worth mentioned that:there is a fundamental difference between the output of English globalization and Chinese culture which is not an aggressive development in Culture.Why?Because the Chinese philosophy emphasizes “Mean (Zhong Yong)”,“the Great Harmony (Da Tong)”,and “benevolence”,while the Western countries would like to control others from culture output in ideological aspects.Honestly to say,People can easily distinguish the difference between Chinese cultural communication and cultural aggression of western countries from different perspectives.

Firstly,for reasons of cultural output,accompanied by the colonial expansion of Great Britain in 16 Century,English globalization began in the same period with its invasion of world.Fundamentally speaking,English globalization is for capital accumulation.And what the output of Chinese culture is about?By the Belt and Road Initiative,people can easily find that Chinese cultural output regards benevolence as the starting point,hoping to achieve mutual development and progress by Chinese own development and to realize the social harmony with other countries.Secondly,from the meaning of culture output,countries involved in Globalization are both willingly and unwillingly because they have no choice but to join in.It is differing from the Chinese way.The Belt and Road Initiative expresses the attitude of Chinese communication.Whether joining in or not all depends on one’s own will.If they join in,China entertains them with win-win strategies;if not,China still performs good attitudes towards them.Last but not least,from the results of cultural output,English globalization has both advantages and disadvantages for developed countries and developing countries respectively.But people still need to recognize a fact that without interests,nothing good will happen suddenly.For example,the United States has built factories in China thirty years ago.At first,Chinese all felt excited about its advanced technology but soon people realized that these factories pushed Chinese economy forward in some extend at the cost of environment pollution.For western countries,English globalization does help develop their countries’ power while for those developing countries like China,economic development is always at the cost of something more precious.Let’s move people’s eyesight on the Belt and Road Initiative which based on mutual interests not just single interests of single countries,all countries involved in can make progress without worrying any cost of environment or something else.

2.Culture Self-Consciousness and culture practice

So after the success of the Belt and Road initiative spreading among countries,what else can China do to make good use of culture self-consciousness?Attitude is primary and practice is crucial.What attitude people should have?Not being crazy about foreign things and obsequious to foreigners.World cultures vary from one to another and each with its own characteristics.When Chinese gradually accept the western cultures,Chinese people should support their own cultural traditions more actively without any doubts,tapping their own profound philosophy,world outlook and values.China has a long history,and the Chinese civilization is the only one of the four ancient civilizations.The modern Chinese civilization is the continuation of the traditional Chinese civilization,so the Chinese culture must have its shining stars in the sky of culture,which can be applied in tackling the problem with other countries,such as Chinese philosophy benevolence,Mean,the rule of law and so on.So Chinese people should try to dig out the essence of their tradition culture and then be aware of the necessity of protection of it.

Focusing on the practice,China should use the Chinese culture in conscious to reflect the strength of China and the determination of China to communication.What is “Chinese Communication”?There is no doubt that communication is mutual.In the context of English globalization,on the one hand,China should take the initiative with other countries to carry out activities,such as participating in peacekeeping operations,organizing BRIC meetings,carrying out various cultural forums.Moreover,actively propagandizing their ideas of loving peace,pursuing co-operation and development with neighboring countries,and Chinese values of people oriented,only in this way can the world have a better understanding of China.On the other hand,China should learn from history,lagging behind the times only leads to being bullied;opening to the world can move towards prosperity.That is to say,China should not only keep strengthening the degree of opening up to the outside world,and accelerate the speed of development,but also should work harder to develop science and technology,keep in mind the truth that “science and technology is the first productive forces”,and constantly enhance its economic strength and comprehensive national strength.Just as one of the most famous projects in the One belt and the Road initiative,developing the technology of online payment in China — Alipay and Weichat payment,the technology has caught the world attention,so we can utilize this way to broadcast Chinese culture and the neighbors will naturally take the initiative to start learning Chinese culture,experience Chinese values by learning practical technology.

Ⅳ.Culture Self-Consciousness and inter-culture communication

Inter-culture communication means communication between people who differ in language and cultural background like China and western countries.Culture self-consciousness much relates to inter-culture communication.Culture communication does not mean that people accept other countries’ culture and then be assimilated by other countries.The cultural exchange is valuable because people take their own excellent culture out to share with others,but in the process of inter-culture communication,when people are in favor of characters of other countries’ culture,they can also stick to maintain their own cultural characteristics.Fei Xiaotong,a famous socialist and anthropologist of China once said that:“ Everybody cherishes his or her own culture and values,and if we respect and treasure other culture and values,the world will be a harmonious one.” Therefore,before the cross-cultural exchange,people must tap their unique cultural connotation at first,and continue to take part in the exhibition of inter-culture communication,which is what we call the cultural self-consciousness.

Culture self-Consciousness includes three parts:the cultural self-awakening,self-reflection and self-creation.Cultural self-awakening bears two vital levels:attitudes and practice.Attitude decides everything.So people are required to learn their own culture as much as possible and then try to put the cultural ideas into practice.Culture self-reflection tells us that in the presence of excellent culture,we should think all the time how to call on others to get the essence of the excellence.In the presence of the other cultural taboo,people need to follow other cultural law.Neither Chinese culture nor western culture is perfect.Facing with western culture,Chinese need to take the essence of it and discard the dregs as well,neither approving of it nor disapproving of it completely.Culture self-creation is to make culture concert,that is,to introduce,to broadcast and to communicate.The Belt and Road Initiative is a successful case of Chinese culture self-creation and to inter-communication.

In the part of digging out Chinese culture,China still has a long way to go.For those youngsters in China,they pay much more attention on culture of western countries than that of China.For the middle-aged people,under the stress of making a living,they are too busy to have time to dig out the connotation of Chinese culture.For the great majority,although precious culture has existed in China for more than five thousand years,the reality is that Chinese culture has not been dug out sufficiently.So it’s very urgent for Chinese to strengthen cultural education and to create a good kind of atmosphere-appreciating China culture.For better development,for better inter-culture communication,the awakening of culture consciousness is necessary,not only for China philosophy but for all valuable culture of China.

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Abstracts

TheCurrentIncomeDistributioninChina

Abstract:The current pattern of income distribution in China is the result of long-term evolution.If China’s economic growth is a successful case in the history of human economic development,it can be said that China’s income distribution is an unsuccessful case.Successful economic growth and unsuccessful income distribution are the characteristics of China’s economic transformation and development.This is perhaps due to a vision of “first growth,later distribution” of the Chinese government at all levels,and development strategy of “sacrificing fairness for efficiency”,and the “selective reform” mode of economic transformation.Objectively speaking,as for China income distribution pattern at present time,there are several reasons,such as choice of development strategy,mode of economic transformation,resistance of interest groups.The reform of income distribution system should be pushed forward sooner rather than later,should be fast rather than slow.

Key words:income inequality;urban-rural income gap;income redistribution

LiShi

Beijing Normal University

ContractMatters:ADevelopedExplanationofHistory

Abstract:Contracts,as a form of institutions,have an influence on efficiency.Other conditions being the same,different contracts lead to different efficiency.Unlike property rights which require compulsory implementation by law,contracts rely more on the contracting parties’ voluntary implementation due to the fact that they are reached by two contracting parties in unanimity.Therefore,in the case where property institutions cannot be altered fast enough due to political or ideological reasons,reforms can be achieved by the modification of contracts,which result in similar effects at a lower cost.This is the case for China’s reforms,especially in agriculture:the land ownership in rural areas— collective land property rights have not changed in name,but the contract between farmers and the state,or the collectives,have changed tremendously to bring about remarkable economic growth.In a more general sense,it has happened once and again in human history that property institutions — judicial institutions — cannot be changed due to political reasons or other,or due to the brutal bloodshed or war in prospect.Therefore,as an option,the change of contract exists as a more common,and unconscious but effective form of institutional change.

Key words:contract;property rights;China’s reforms;history

ShengHong

Shandong University

TheVoicePoliticsofModernChina

Abstract:The voice politics of China has its special evolution track and logic.In modern times,Chinese voice politics is not only influenced by Western media politics,but also constrained by China’s native politics and media logic.Until now,the variables of Chinese voice politics are more complicated.They are affected by variables such as political democratization,media technology,media specialization,marketization,globalization,and urbanization,thus having the following characteristics:the mainstream voice turns from weak to strong;the voice tone from monotonous to polyphonic;and the logic from single to multiple.However,the rise of the Internet has given the voice politics more variables.Media technologies have become extremely active and have created new opportunities and spaces for expression.Combined with the impetus of capital and civil society,media technologies will release a huge “broken window” effect.Therefore,it is still difficult to give the definiteness of the voice politics in the future.

Key words:the voice politics;mainstream voice;polyphony

ZhangTaofu

Fudan University

ResearchontheFunctionofCyberPoliticalMetaphor

Abstract:Political metaphor is a structural reflection from cognitive domain of political emotional belief to political cognitive domain.Praise,criticism and satire are the basic functions of political metaphor.Mobility,dynamic state and flatness are the basic features of political metaphor.It has all sorts of manifestations.Vividness,concreteness,exaggeration,cartoon and fastness are five-integrated presentation of cyber political metaphor.With the rapid development of network,political metaphor spreads fast and the network provides a increasingly important platform for the political metaphor to present.Cyber political metaphor draws the outline of political characteristics vividly and embodies the positive and negative functions.When using the spreading the network political metaphor,the limitation of law,morality and reason should be mastered in a right way.

Key words:cyber;political metaphor;function

ZhangAijun1&QinXiaoqi2

1.Northwest University of Political Science and Law;2.Liaoning Normal University

TheTheoreticLogicofIdentityPolitics

Abstract:Identity politics,replacing the traditional class politics,has profoundly shaped the modern capitalist society.The direct theoretical source of identity politics is the deconstruction of subjective metaphysics by western postmodernism in the 20th Century.As the disillusion of Myth of Enlightenment,the violence by the subject on the other has been revealed.Identity politics is the struggle for the power by those marginalized others.Essentially,identity politics is a kind of cultural politics as well as difference politics,which has played a positive role in the cultural hegemony struggle.However,identity politics has also become the accomplice of capital logic unconsciously at the same time.A profound understanding of the essence of identity politics is significant for socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.

Key words:identity politics;subject;the Other;discourse theory;capital logic

WangYue

Peking University

ChineseStyleManagementinthePerspectiveofCulturalPhilosophy

Abstract:“Chinese style management” has broad and narrow two meanings:the broad sense belongs to the cultural category,and the narrow sense belongs to the category of science and culture.In the philosophy of culture,Chinese style management refers to the universal mode of management through all the times of the history of the Chinese nation.A study of the cultural philosophy of Chinese style management is essentially to get a reasonable management model that is in line with the goal of sustainable development of human beings.It is a management culture innovation process carried out by dialectical thinking.In the historical sense,Confucian management thought that more or less consistently advocated the effective control of social material life reflects the essential characteristics of Chinese style management:Value management for all members of the group to have a reasonable demand for material life.

Key words:cultural philosophy;Chinese style management;value management

ZhouKezhen

Soochow University

FarmingNarrationandCultureSymbol:FiveHistoricalSchemaofChineseFarmingCivilization

Abstract:The farming civilization contains its beauty.Mulberry leaf,osmunda cinnamomea,chrysanthemums,lotus and tea picking,as several ways to narrate Chinese farming civilization,are meaningful cultural schemas as well as retrospective cultural expressions.Mulberry leaf picking culture goes back to ancient times,numerous love stories occurs among Mulberry bush.Osmunda cinnamomea picking is a part of ancient spirit and symbolizes noble character and sentiment.Chrysanthemums picking culture is graceful,and chrysanthemum wine fragrance drifts across Tang,Song,Yuan and Ming Dynasties and becomes an important element of intellectuals’ spirit.In lotus picking culture,there is small boat and lotus glowing exquisite and elegance.Tea picking is filled with purity and genericity,which is both Confucianism and Taoism.Being great narrative poems,mulberry leaf,osmunda cinnamomea,chrysanthemums,lotus and tea picking record a nation’s life and soul history and become codes breeding human culture.All of them are components of Chinese “nostalgia” and means of interpreting Chinese farming civilization.

Key words:historical Culture;Chinese spirit;cultural symbol;civilization interpretation;nostalgia

QinDejun,FangYan

Donghua University

AStudyonDaizhen’sContributionandSignificanceintheHistoryofMind-ObjectThought

Abstract:Mind-Object Thought is an important issue in Chinese philosophical tradition．It experienced three development peaks in history.In Qin and Han Dynasties,preliminary theory about the relationship between mind and object had formed.In Song and Ming Dynasties,the heavenly principles and the heart were regarded as the God respectively.Daizhen,an very famous philosopher in Qing Dynasty,re-interpreted the relationship between mind and object and connected the abstract concepts with concrete existences.Plain thoughts and methods of materialism have held in Daizhen’ theory,which were of great significance in Chinese philosophy history.

Key words:Dai Zhen;Mind-Object Thought;Neo-Confucianism;materialism

YangZiyan

Chinese Academy of Social Science

ApproachingDaizhen’sMethodofStudyingtheNatureofThingsfromPhilosophicalStudyofSword

Abstract:Philosophical Study of Sword in Selection of Dai Zhen is a depiction article of the discussion invoked by examination of a piece of art called Reading books,Playing sword.The paragraphs commenting on “books” in the article emphasize that the purpose of reading books is to understand Tao.These comments has been cited by scholars very often whereas the conversations related to “Sword” were barely paid attention to.This article argues that Daizhen explicated nine virtues that the sword possessed when he was examining it,which was study nature of sword.Years ago Wang Yangming was not successful in studying the bamboo for seven days while Daizhen had extraordinary accomplishments in the study of sword.The reason is that they had different understandings on rationality and the methods they used to explore rationality were different.Dai Zhen construed that rationality is the subcategory and order of things.We can find them by analyzing things orderly.Yet Wang Yangming consider human the universal rationale,intelligence and kindness of nature and they do not need to pursue from outside.Daizhen’s method of studying the nature of things is still inspirational to the modern science and the study of Sword has enriched the sword culture in China.

Key words:Dai Zhen;sword;study of nature;rationality

CaiJinfang

Shanghai University

CountiesandCitiesConceptsinTraditionalChineseProvincialism——UrbanizationPerceptioninChineseRecognitionSystem

Abstract:Urbanization has made great strides in China nowadays.The philosophy of action is a sort of antagonism between town and country which originated from western philosophy.The urbanization which combines the theory of binaries in Western thought is currently undergoing.From the planning we can find the binaries between great tradition and little tradition as well as urban and rural which based on the power of urbaneness’ discourse.It is manifest that the Western thought cannot be applied to China.A justified comprehension and application relies on interpreters’ thought of and dialogue with the text and tradition.There is no doubt that historically such a binaries thought does not exist in tradition China recognition system,the paper employs Foucault’ Archaeology of the Human Sciences to review the Counties concept in traditional Chinese recognition system.

Key words:counties;counties and cities;provincialism;settlement;urbanization

PengZhaorong,YangJiaojiao

Xiamen University

TheFeatureofUrbanizationwithChineseCharacteristics——TheSocialismintheProcessofUrbanizationinOurCountry

Abstract:The establishment and development of global urbanization,not only is caused by the social productivity development,and it is the result of social production relations’ developing and reforming.The change of production relations embodied in the subject of the urbanization — farmers migrating in cities.Farmers migrating in cities who don’t lose the land are still both of the producers and subject of the producing materials,which is conducive to common prosperity road of socialist urbanization.Farmers migrating in cities enjoy various public services and social security in cities and towns.It is insisted on the fundamental of human labor,which reflects the distribution of the wealth of labor socialist urbanization.Farmers stay in the land develop the integration of urban and rural development is insisting on socialist public ownership of urbanization

Key words:urbanization;socialism;public ownership;labor income

ZhangWeiduan

Hefei National Economic and Technological Development Area Committee

TheNewMilestoneof“NonHan” ——YanFu’s“CriticismofHanYu”andItsInfluenceandReflection

Abstract:More than 1,200 years after the birth of Han Yu,he became the epitome of literary and ideological circles.Some people admire him as the mount Tai and Big Dipper,some people spit on him as a coward.He had as many people who praised him as those who slandered him.In the history of criticizing Han Yu,there are a couple of landmark people,their criticism of Han Yu had a profound impact on the future generations.Among them,Yan Fu’s Criticism of Han Yu is the important article of making a clear attack on Han Yu,after Qi Song’s No Han Yu in the northern Song dynasty.By reviewing the content,background,reasons and motivation of the article,we can learn more about Yan Fu’s attitude toward Han Yu.Therefore,there is a comprehensive understanding of the influence of Yan Fu’s Criticism of Han Yu and Yan Fu’s attitude toward Han Yu.Thus we have a comprehensive understanding of the influence of “non Han” and its influence on the history of “non Han”,and reflect the characteristics and functions of “non Han” from this perspective.

Key words:Yan Fu; Criticism of Han Yu;non Han;influence;reflection

ZhaJinping1,MoLifeng2

1.Hefei University;2.Nanjing University

ResearchonPatentHoldoutIssuesofStandard-EssentialPatentsintheUnitedStates

Abstract:While the industry, the judiciary and the academia have paid much attention to the patent holdup issues of standard-essential patents (referred to as “SEP”), there have been, so far, little research on patent holdout issues. Due to the ambiguity of reasonable and non-discriminatory (referred to as “RAND”) commitments and the prudential attitudes towards injunction relief in the U.S. in recent years, in practice, the patent holdout has arisen when SEP implementers who have already used SEPs maliciously delay negotiations on patent licensing or threaten to report to antitrust enforcement agencies for seeking lower royalty rates or licensing conditions. Patent holdout damages the interests of SEP holders, and thus impacts patent holders’ incentive to invest in innovations and contribute their patented technologies to standards. U.S. courts and antitrust enforcement agencies are already aware of the prejudice of patent holdout, and are attempting to regulate patent holdout issues, which has offered valuable experiences to China.

Key words:standard-essential patents(SEP);patent holdout;RAND commitments;injunction

WangHan

East China University of Political Science and Law

AnAnalysisandReferenceofAmericanScopeofNaturalResourceDamageSystem

Abstract:American Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act (CERCLA) and pertinent natural resources damages rules promulgated by the Department of the Interior based on the authorization of the said act,together known as the DOI Rule,conjointly establish American natural resource damage system,in which the scope of natural resource damage is specified by detailed rules.Combining with relevant precedents decided by competent courts,the DOI Rule determines that the scope of natural resource damage includes the cost for taking response actions and the damage for injury to the natural resources.By referring to American corresponding rules,China’s scope of natural resource damage should include the cost for taking response actions,restoration cost,the loss of value in services that could have been provided by the injured resources in the course of restoration,the loss of the compensable value of the natural resources and other reasonable costs including the costs for investigation,assessment,valuation and attorney’s fees,with no ceiling set upon the specific amount of the damages the infringer shall assume.

Key words:natural resources;scope of damages;use value;nonuse value

ZhuLingke

Southwest University of Political Science & Law