高一英语词汇与简单句的高效课堂创新实践

2018-01-27 16:19梅海文
广东教育·综合 2018年1期
关键词:及物动词宾语主语

梅海文

作为一位高中英语教师,我不止一次听到基础薄弱的学生反馈,高中的词汇容量大记不住,就算记了也不知道怎么运用,语法繁杂更不理解,阅读的过程基本也都是靠猜测,写作更无從下笔。正因为如此,他们慢慢地失去了对这门学科的兴趣。我深深感受到帮助基础薄弱的学生走好第一步,也就是学好“万变不离其宗”的简单句的重要性。为此,我力争做到突出针对性、运用赏识性、发挥主体性,让学生多写、多改、多互评,培养小组合作学习词汇以及激发学生创作句子,表达个人的思想,取得了较好的成效。现以人教版高一Module 1 Unit 2“Friendship”的词汇与简单句相互结合的一节词汇教学课为例,说明具体的课堂教学操作方式。

教学步骤一:主语+不及物动词(vi)

让学生关注单词词性,小组合作一起找出不及物动词(vi)

calm thunder settle suffer recover pack gossip disagree

教师要引导学生注意写出的英语句子必须有一个主语和谓语,否则,就不是一个完整句子,也就是一个句子至少是主语+不及物动词(vi)。

1. 根据学生的分类,教师在黑板上板书示范,与学生一起思考创作句子,提醒学生要特别留意不及物动词的时态或语态变化。

She calms.

It thunders.

He settled.

You will suffer.

Mary recovered.

They are packing.

We are gossiping.

2. 教师帮助学生有效得当地运用副词或不定式进行修饰不及物动词,增加主谓结构的亮点,例如可以给它们加上一个副词,这便会给句子锦上添花。

3. 让每个小组成员之间首先独立创作句子,然后相互交换阅读,组长挑出正确优秀的句子向所有同学示范。

She(quickly)calms.

It(heavily)thunders.

He(finally)settled.

You(certainly)will suffer.

Mary(gradually)recovered.

They are(busily)packing.

We are(secretly)gossiping.

4. 教师给予每小组及时的反馈和鼓励。

教学步骤二:主语+不及物动词(vi)+介词+宾语

1. 学生如果没有搞清楚不及物动词的特点,便很容易在不及物动词的后面直接加宾语。所以,教师要注意及时提醒学生,不及物动词如果要接宾语,必须要加上适当的介词。

The doctor(patiently)calmed down patients.

The train(heavily)thundered through the small station.

My brother(eventually)settled in America.

I am(greatly)suffering from a bad cold.

Mike(gradually)recovered from his illness.

I am(busily)packing up my suitcase.

Mary and Lucy are(secretly)gossiping about Peter.

2. 教师引导。介词的选择往往是学生最大的困惑,所以教师要及时地提醒学生养成勤查字典的习惯,多背诵固定的语块。

教学步骤三:主语+及物动词(vt)+宾语

让学生关注单词词性,小组合作一起找出及物动词(vt)

ignore calm concern spellbind settle suffer recover pack tip swap upset

1. 教师引入简单句中的第二个句型,主语+及物动词(vt)+宾语,也就是及物动词的后面必须加上宾语才构成一个完整的句子。

2. 教师在黑板上板书示范,与学生一起思考创作句子。

She(frequently)ignores her parents.

I(quickly)calm myself down.

My fathers illness(greatly)concerns us.

Tina(successfully)settled the problem.

The factory(suddenly)suffered severe damage.

She (finally) recovered her consciousness.

He is(busily)packing his books.

We(happily)swap gifts.

The examination(often)upsets him.

教学步骤四:主语+及物动词(vt)+间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)

并非所有的及物动词都能接双宾语结构,教师首先帮助学生回忆初中阶段所学的能带双宾语的及物动词,小组成员之间合作联想完成。

1. 教师总结:

(1)需借助to的动词:bring,give,hand,offer,pass,lend,read,return,send,teach,tell,sell,ask,take,rite,show等。endprint

(2)需借助for 的动词:build,buy,call,cook,book,do,draw,find,get,make,play,sing,save,paint,win,prepare等。

2. 教師板书示范,与学生一起思考创作句子。

I(secretly)tipped the waitress 50 yuan.

=I(secretly)tipped 50 yuan for the waitress.

He(eventually)returned me the suitcase.

= He(eventually)returned the suitcase to me.

I(sincerely)gave the teenagers some tips.

=I(sincerely)gave some tips to the teenagers.

She(carefully)chose me the curtains.

=She(carefully)chose curtains for me.

3. 教师要注意引导学生,掌握双宾语的重点在于它们的位置相互之间可以互换,但是需要借助不同的介词。

教学步骤五:主语+及物动词(vt)+宾语+宾补

并非所有的及物动词都能接宾补语,教师首先帮助学生回忆初中阶段所学的能带宾补的及物动词,小组成员之间合作联想完成,最后教师总结。

call,name,paint,drive,think,

consider,find

1. 让学生关注单词词性,小组合作一起找出形容词(adj)

upset calm loose Jewish German powerful dusty lonely tired grateful

2. 教师在黑板上板书示范,与学生一起思考创作句子。

They consider me/ German.

I find my mother /upset.

I think him /powerful.

Mary supposes the window/dusty.

The examination makes me /tired.

3. 教师引导提醒学生双宾结构与宾补结构之间的不同点,也就是宾语和补语之间的位置不能互换,能作宾补的词往往是名词,形容词和非谓语,也就是“名、形、非谓来补宾”。

教学步骤六:主语+连系动词(link verb)+表语

1. 教师首先帮助学生回忆初中阶段所学的连系动词,小组成员之间合作联想完成,最后教师总结,展示常见连系动词记忆口诀。

2. 掌握主系表结构的关键在于懂得辨认连系动词,它的后面往往带的表语是形容词,同时需要提醒学生还有其他形式。

3. 让学生关注单词词性,小组合作一起找出形容词 (adj)

upset calm loose Jewish German powerful dusty lonely tired grateful

4. 教师在黑板上板书示范,与学生一起思考创作句子。

My mother feels upset.

She stays calm.

The dogs rope gets loose.

He is Jewish.

They are Germans.

The window seems dusty.

I become(extremely)tired.

They appear powerful.

I am grateful.

5. 教师帮助学生有效得当地运用副词修饰形容词,往往会有意想不到的效果。

My mother feels (very)upset.

She stays (pretty)calm.

The dogs rope gets (entirely)loose.

The window seems (rather)dusty.

I become (extremely)tired.

They appear (quite)powerful.

I am (really)grateful.

教学步骤七:简单句综合语篇运用

1. 让学生利用所学的简单句,小组之间完成下面的语篇,由小组展示答案以及分析,最后教师做出反馈和评价。

2. 让学生大声朗读完成的语篇。

3. 教师再次帮助学生回顾和总结课堂所学的词汇和简单句。

语篇(1)

①________________(李华感到非常心烦,主语+连系动词+表语)because his father was ill. ②_________________ (他的同学发现他总是心不在焉,主语+及物动词 +宾语+宾补) and he even ignored his classmatescare. When Lihuas teachers learn this,they are so concerned about him and had a talk with him face to face. ③__________________.(老师们告诉他信心的重要性,主语+及物动词 +双宾语)to go through hardships. With the teachersencouragement,LiHua believed that ④______________. (他能够解决问题,主语+及物动词 +宾语)Not long,⑤_____________ .(他的父亲完全恢复了,主语+不及物动词)

语篇(2)

假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华,用英文写一篇周记,记述爸爸出差期间妈妈生病,你照顾她的过程。(2013北京卷)

Last Monday,my father(1)______

_______________(向妈妈和我告别,主语+及物动词 +双宾语)and went on a business trip. He would be away for three days. Just the next morning,I found (2)_______________(妈妈身体不舒服, 主语+及物动词 +宾语+宾补). She had a cold. I immediately went to get her some medicine and then(3)______________(给她煮了面条,主语+及物动词 +双宾语).With my special care, my mother(4)____________(身体恢复得很快, 主语+不及物动词).When my father came back home, my mother(5)_______

____________(告诉他所发生的事情,主语+及物动词 +双宾语). He praised me for what I done at home, which(6)____________.(这使我感到非常开心, 主语+及物动词 +宾语+宾补)endprint

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