回归课本抓基础注重语篇提能力

刘习文

第一轮系统复习的目的是基础知识过关。在复习备考中，同学们往往脱离课本，陷入题海。但万丈高楼平地起，依托考纲和课本夯实基础，以不变应万变才是备考的不二法宝。

[抓课本、重基础]

以课本为依据，重点搞好词汇的复习，但是不能孤立地复习词汇，要结合基础语法、书面表达等，激活已有的知识，同时运用联想等手段，建立词汇思维网络系统。

1. 充分利用构词法复习单元词汇，做到词不离句。如：

If you adopt this way in study， you can enlarge your vocabulary， enrich your knowledge and even broaden/widen your horizons.

Although Annie Frank lived alone in a lonely house， she didnt feel lonely. She knew that loneliness was what she was supposed to overcome， so she did anything alone.

2. 整理积累“词块”，在语境中运用、复习词汇。

词块，也称为“语言块”“语块”，就是预制好的并被频繁使用的词汇组合，这种组合有特定的结构和相对完整的意思，并能在使用中根据需要生成。语言知识的获得和能力的提高就是通过扩大语块、搭配能力和有效掌握最基本的词汇和语言结构实现的。如：

come/live up to （sbs） expectations，spare no effort，on a regular basis，attach great importance to，it is generally assumed that ...，there is no such thing as ...，这些都属于“词块”。

再如：He was troubled by a feeling that things just didnt add up.

His whole school education added up to no more than one year.

Add up your score and see how many points you get.

The bad weather added to our difficulties.

Will you add more sugar to your coffee？

3. 改编课文，训练语法填空或短文改错，结合语法知识落实考纲词汇。

复习课文是为了运用词汇知识，有利于实际运用能力的提高，并在应考中运用自如。

例1 Book 2的Unit 4（语法填空）

Not long ago， a girl called Daisy took a magic trip around the world， riding a flying chair. First， she came to Tibet in China to visit antelopes. But to her great ____________（disappoint）， she could only see mountains and people. Then an antelope told her ____________（sad） that they were being killed ____________ large numbers by humans for their wool to make clothing. ____________ they might be gone forever in three years.

答案 disappointment；sadly；in；And。

例2 Book 1的Unit 1（改錯）

Dear Miss Wang，

Im writing to ask you for the help. At the moment I am having some trouble with my classmates. Im getting well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy help each other. But we have become real good friends. However， others students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love， that makes me angrily. I dont want to end the friendship， but I hate others gossiping. I feel really upset. How should I do？

Id appreciate it if you could give me some advices.

Yours，

Lisa

答案 删掉the；getting后加on/along；help→helping；But→And；real→really；others→other；that→which；angrily→angry；How→What；advices→advice。endprint

[抓例句，重训练]

要准确理解语句、篇章需要扎实的语法功底。我们学习语法不是为了研究语法，而是为了掌握语法规则，用于准确理解文意和书面表达。复习时我们可以结合各单元语法项目，训练书面表达，活化语法的运用。具体可以这样做：

1. 呈现课文原句并掌握其中的语法知识。

2. 采用循序渐进、灵活多样的训练，如句子填空、改错、比较练习、完成句子、句型转换、整合句子、短文填词等，消化语法规则。如：

用名词性从句连接句子

LiuXiang had an operation and has recovered. That is reported .

→It is reported that Liuxiang had an operation and has recovered.

He made a decision. He would accept his ugly wife.

→He made a decision that he would accept his ugly wife.

用名词性从句整合句子

Clearly， English is more and more important. Last Saturday we invited Professor Zhang to give us a report on how to learn English well. His report helps us a lot. Now many students spend one more hour in learning English.

→It is clear that English is more and more important. Last Saturday we invited Professor Zhang to give us a report on how we should learn English well. His report leads to the result that now many students spend one more hour in learning English.

It is three to five now. The football match is to begin. But there is a problem. Jack hasnt come yet. Everybody knows that Jack is a leading part of our team. Without him， we are difficult to win the game. So we worry about it.

→It is three to five now. The time is when the football match is to begin. But there is a problem that Jack hasnt come yet. Its known that Jack is a leading part of our team. So we worry about the fact that without him， we are difficult to win the game.

例3 用名詞性从句写作，灵活运用所掌握的基本语法规则。

写作要求：至少运用三种名词性从句，根据提示，写一篇70词左右的英语短文。

一些学生使用网络获取信息的主要原因是他们认为很方便；

毫无疑问，他们也可以快速获得问题的准确答案；

我认为这有可能使学生失去思考的兴趣；

应该采取措施解决这个问题，比如父母和老师应该鼓励他们独立完成作业。

答案 The main reason why some students prefer to get information on the internet is that they think it convenient. There is no doubt that they can have quick access to the accurate answers. I hold the belief that it is possible that students may lose interest in thinking. We can solve the problem by taking the measure that parents and teachers are supposed to encourage them to do homework by themselves.

[抓语篇，重结构]

语篇是一个大语言单位。围绕语篇，侧重文章结构的分析，可以培养我们从较高层次处理信息以及语篇分析能力，从而达到培养阅读理解能力的目的。

1. 分析文章的结构，处理语篇信息

文章的结构就是文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。高中课本中文章题材丰富、内容新颖，知识面广。同学们应从文章的结构、文章的内容、作者的观点、态度及相关的背景知识等方面理解文章，尤其注重好起承转合的信息词。如：

例4 Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news

标题是My First Work Assignment

根据文章段落之间的关系，段首段尾的信息词，可以将其分为三部分：endprint

Para. 1～8 His discussion with his new boss was to influence his life as a journalist.

Para. 9～12 What needs to remember when going out to cover a story.

Para. 13～16 The importance of listening.

2. 抓要点，重运用，培养写作能力

以教材话题为载体，注重知识点的网络化、系统化，以点带线、以线带面，夯实语言知识；以语篇为主脉，深入挖掘课本中的经典词句；按照考纲的要求和考题的思路，拓展话题阅读和写作，全面提高语言运用能力。如：

例5 Book 2 Unit 4 wildlife protection

用括号中所给词语翻译句子，然后将这些句子连成一篇短文。

保护野生动物非常重要。（protect）

目前它们有灭绝的危险。（in danger，die out）

一方面，为了获取食物或动物身上厚厚的皮，人们捕猎动物。（on one hand，hunt，fur）

另一方面，人们不能与一些他们认为很凶猛的动物和平相处。（on the other hand，fierce）

人们常常置它们于死地，使得野生动物面临危险。（endanger）

为了保护它们不至于灭绝，建立野生动物保护区很有必要。（extinction，set up）

只要人類让野生动物安详地生活，它们就会成为我们的朋友。（in peace）

1. It is important to protect wildlife.

2. At present they are in danger of dying out.

3. On one hand， people hunt animals for food or for the thick furs.

4. On the other hand，people cannot get along well with the wildlife which they think are fierce.

5. They attack the wild animals to death，which has endangered the wildlife.

6. In order to protect the wildlife from extinction， it is necessary to set up wildlife reserve.

7. As long as humans let wildlife live in peace， the wild animals will become our friends.

连句成篇 It is important to protect wildlife because at present they are in danger of dying out. On one hand，people hunt animals for food or for the thick furs. On the other hand，people cannot get along well with wildlife， which they think are fierce and attack them to death， which has endangered the wildlife. In order to protect the wildlife from extinction， it is necessary to set up wildlife reserve. As long as humans let wildlife live in peace， the wild animals will become our friends.endprint