邓治强 李 箐 向学凌
垂体强化MRI对垂体柄阻断综合征的诊断价值及其与垂体-靶腺功能损伤的相关性分析
邓治强①李 箐①向学凌①
目的:研究垂体强化核磁共振成像(MRI)对垂体柄阻断综合征(PSIS)的诊断价值并对其与垂体-靶腺功能损伤的相关性进行探讨分析。方法:选取医院收治的80例PSIS患者,经垂体强化MRI进一步诊断后将其分为部分垂体柄阻断组(38例)和完全垂体柄阻断组(42例);另选取80名正常健康者为健康对照组。检测三组相关激素水平,分析MRI表现与缺乏的激素种类、数目及严重程度的相关性。结果:部分垂体柄阻断组垂体前叶高度<3 mm为10例,3~5 mm为23例,>5 mm为5例。垂体后叶缺失4例,异位15例,体积变小11例。完全垂体柄阻断组垂体前叶高度<3 mm为23例,3~5 mm为16例,>5 mm为3例。垂体后叶缺失8例,异位32例,体积变小1例。完全垂体柄阻断组生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子、游离甲状腺素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素均显著低于部分垂体柄阻断组和健康对照组,与两组比较差异具有统计学意义(F=224.92,F=2571.80,F=369.50,F=67.73,F=2677.94,F=24.17;P<0.05)。除胰岛素样生长因子及游离甲状腺素,部分垂体柄阻断组生长激素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素与对照组相比无显著差异。部分垂体柄阻断组垂体-性腺激素的卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮、泌乳素水平均显著低于健康对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(F=354.94,F=247.00,F=247.83,F=655.05,F=48.10;P<0.05)。部分垂体柄阻断组和完全垂体柄阻断组卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮、泌乳素水平无显著差异。结论:垂体区强化MRI能够有效诊断垂体柄阻断综合征的进程及垂体-靶腺功能的损伤程度。
强化MRI;垂体柄阻断综合征;垂体-靶腺功能损伤;激素水平;相关分析
垂体柄阻断综合征(pituitary stalk interruption syndrome,PSIS)临床表现为垂体前叶高度降低,垂体后叶缺失、异位及体积变小,垂体激素水平降低,从而造成功能下降[1-2]。目前,通过核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI),观察显现的图像清晰判定垂体柄阻断综合征等异常结构对患者是否患有垂体柄阻断综合征进行检查[3]。但MRI对PSIS的进程及垂体-靶腺功能的损伤程度效能不甚清楚[4]。为此,本研究选取80例PSIS患者,观察并研究垂体强化MRI对PSIS的诊断价值,并对其与垂体-靶腺功能损伤的相关性进行探讨分析。
回顾性分析内江市中医医院2015年8月至2016年6月期间收治的80例PSIS患者,并经垂体强化MRI进一步诊断后将其分为部分垂体柄阻断组(38例)和完全垂体柄阻断组(42例)。另选取80例正常健康人纳入健康对照组。部分垂体柄阻断组中男性46例,女性34例;年龄14~51岁,平均年龄(31.51±2.32)岁。完全垂体柄阻断组中男性38例,女性42例;年龄16~49岁,平均年龄(31.72±2.56)岁。健康对照组中男性43例,女性37例;年龄15~53岁,平均年龄(32.37±3.14)岁。三组的一般资料无差异,具有可比性。所有入组者对本研究均知情,并签署知情同意书。
(1)纳入标准:①均行胰岛素、精氨酸的生长激素激发检验,测定垂体—靶腺激素;②血清生长激素峰值均<5 μg/L;③伴有一种及以上其他垂体激素缺乏的患者。
(2)排除标准:①有营养不良者;②患有系统器质性疾病;③患有遗传代谢疾病。
采用1.5T型超导医用磁共振系统Vantage atlas(日本东芝公司);增强扫描采用喷酸葡胺(北京北陆药业股份有限公司,国药准字H10860001)。
采用东芝核磁共振扫描仪对患者垂体进行矢状面和冠状面MRI影像学检查,并注射钆喷酸葡胺行增强扫描。测量垂体前叶高度,多次测量取平均值。取患者空腹时静脉血,通过免疫化学发光法检测其生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子、游离甲状腺素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素、卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮和泌乳素的水平。
通过强化MRI图像,确定患者PSIS的类型,部分垂体柄阻断组MRI显示垂体柄显著变细,但垂体柄完全阻断组MRI显示垂体柄中断或缺失。游离甲状腺素低于12.0 pmol/L提示甲状腺功能减退。若皮质醇低于550 nmol/L,提示肾上腺功能不全。
采用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析,符合正态分布的计量资料以均值±标准差(±s)表示,定性资料用百分率(%)表示,计量资料行F检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
部分垂体柄阻断组垂体前叶高度<3 mm10例,3~5 mm23例,>5 mm5例;垂体后叶有4例缺失,15例异位,11例体积变小。完全垂体柄阻断组垂体前叶高度<3 mm23例,3~5 mm16例,>5 mm3例;垂体后叶缺失8例,异位32例,体积变小1例。两组垂体前叶高度和垂体后叶MRI比较,其差异有统计学意义(x2=6.69,x2=16.26;P<0.05),见表1。
完全垂体柄阻断组生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子、游离甲状腺素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素均显著低于部分垂体柄阻断组和健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(F=224.92,F=2571.80,F=369.50,F=67.73,F=2677.94,F=24.17;P<0.05);除胰岛素样生长因子及游离甲状腺素,部分垂体柄阻断组生长激素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素与对照组相比无显著差异,见表2。
部分垂体柄阻断组垂体-性腺激素卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮以及泌乳素水平均显著低于健康对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=354.94,F=247.00,F=247.83,F=655.05,F=48.10;P<0.05);而部分垂体柄阻断组和完全垂体柄阻断组卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮及泌乳素水平比较无显著差异,见表3。
表1 部分垂体柄阻断组和完全垂体柄阻断组垂体MRI比较[例(%)]
表2 三组垂体-靶腺激素水平比较(±s)
表2 三组垂体-靶腺激素水平比较(±s)
表3 三组垂体-性腺激素水平比较(±s)
表3 三组垂体-性腺激素水平比较(±s)
近年来,我国PSIS发病率居高不下,且逐年升高,对患者日常生活造成了极大影响[5]。目前,该病发病机制仍不明确,有研究称,PSIS的发生原因有可能是由于臀位难产而造成,也有可能是促进垂体发育的基因发生突变[6]。PSIS治疗遵循诊断趁早,治疗趁早,方法有直接注射腺垂体激素进行治疗[7]。对患者长期跟访,定期评定,并根据患者阶段不同情况更新不同治疗方案。在PSIS患者的强化MRI中,垂体后叶缺失、易位、体积变小与高度降低的受损的垂体前叶[8]。可能与垂体柄区域受损有关,进而导致垂体功能区缺血,垂体功能受损。本研究中部分垂体柄阻断组患者在生长激素同时可伴有甲状腺、肾上腺功能减退等,并且完全性垂体柄阻断时上述并发症的发生率明显高于部分性垂体柄阻断[10]。完全垂体柄阻断组患者与部分垂体柄阻断组患者相比,发生多种垂体激素缺乏症的风险更高[11]。
采用MRI可检测出是否患有PSIS,通过强化MRI图像,可确定患者PSIS的类型[9]。而强化MRI可进一步测定垂体柄受损的程度及范围[12]。本研究结果表明,完全垂体柄阻断组生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子、游离甲状腺素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇以及促肾上腺皮质激素均显著低于部分垂体柄阻断组和健康对照组[13]。这与罗文军等[9]的研究结果相同,提示垂体柄阻断组患者伴有垂体-靶腺功能损伤。另有文献指出,垂体强化MRI中,缺失、异位及体积变小的垂体后叶强化的时间显著增加。且也有可能与垂体柄区域受损有关,垂体功能区血供不足,基本功能受损[14-15]。本研究结果还显示,除胰岛素样生长因子及游离甲状腺素,部分垂体柄阻断组生长激素、血清促甲状腺激素、皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素水平与健康对照组相比无显著差异。部分垂体柄阻断组垂体-性腺激素水平均显著低于健康对照组。提示垂体-靶腺功能的降低与患者垂体柄受损程度有关,但部分垂体柄阻断组和完全垂体柄阻断组卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮以及泌乳素水平无显著差异。
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The diagnostic value of enhanced MRI of pituitary for pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and a correlation analysis between enhanced MRI and pituitary target gland function damage
/DENG Zhi-qiang, LI Qing,XIANG Xue-ling
Objective:To observe and research the diagnostic value of enhanced MRI of pituitary for pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) and explore the correlation between enhanced MRI and pituitary target gland function damage.Methods:80 patients with PSIS were divided into part of pituitary stalk interruption group (38 cases) and complete pituitary stalk interruption group (42 cases). And 80 healthy people were divided into control group. The relative hormonal level of three groups were detected, and the correlation between appearance of MRI and insufficient hormonal type, amount and severity degree were analyzed.Results:In part of pituitary stalk interruption group, the heights of anterior pituitary gland were less than 3mm in 10 cases, and they were between 3-5mm in 23 cases and they were more than 5mm in 5 cases. And in them, there were 4 cases were posterior pituitary deficiency, 15 cases were heterotopia, 11 cases were volume diminished. In complete pituitary stalk interruption group, the heights of anterior pituitary gland were less than 3mm in 23 cases, and they were between 3-5mm in 16 cases and they were more than 5mm in 3 cases. And in them, there were 8 cases were posterior pituitary deficiency, 32 cases were heterotopia, 1 cases were volume diminished. All of the hormonal levels included growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, free thyroxine, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in complete pituitary stalk interruption group were significantly lower than that in part of pituitary stalk interruption group and control group (F=224.92, F=2571.80, F=369.50, F=67.73, F=2677.94, F=24.17, P<0.05), respectively. The differences of growth hormone, TSH, cortisol and ACTH, excepted insulin-like growth factor and free thyroxine, between part of pituitary stalk interruption group and control group were not significant. And pituitary-gonadal hormones level of part of pituitary stalk interruption group was significantly lower than that of control group (F=354.94, F=247.00,F=247.83, F=655.05, F=48.10, P<0.05). Besides, the differences of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone,estradiol, testosterone and prolactin levels between part of pituitary stalk interruption group and complete pituitary stalk interruption group were no significant.Conclusion:Enhanced MRI of pituitary can effectively diagnose pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and damage degree of pituitary target gland function.
Enhanced MRI; Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome; Pituitary target gland function damage;Hormone level; Correlation analysis
Department of Radiotherapy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China.
邓治强,男,(1977- ),硕士,副主任医师。内江市中医医院放射科,研究方向:临床放射学。
1672-8270(2017)12-0086-04
R445.2
A
10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2017.12.024
①内江市中医医院放射科 四川 内江 641000
//China Medical Equipment,2017,14(12):86-89.
2017-03-22