藏于民间的“豪门”遗存

藏于民间的“豪门”遗存

REMAINS OF DISTINGUISHED FAMILIES HIDDEN IN FOLK SOCIETY

○雪后的魏氏庄园沉静祥和。图／张磊Wei’s Manor appears quiet and harmonious after snow.

魏氏庄园位于山东省惠民县魏集镇，是全国重点文物保护单位，与烟台牟氏庄园、四川刘文彩庄园并称为“中国三大庄园”，是国内现存唯一的城堡式庄园。

魏氏庄园建于清代光绪年间，是缙绅地主魏肇庆的宅第。魏氏家族曾是鲁北地区的名门望族，家族中有20多人相继在朝为官或被皇廷封赠为官，任通奉大夫、朝议大夫、奉政大夫、户部郎中、刑部员外郎、内阁中书等职。延续到修建庄园的魏肇庆，已是第十代了。彼时，魏氏家族已发展到鼎盛时期，不仅在仕途上官运亨通，在经济上也是富甲一方。在北京、天津、济南、青岛及惠民各地开设了十余家钱庄当铺，还开设了规模大小不等的手工作坊，仅在魏集老家就置有良田3000亩。相传家中更是重金打造了棵金白菜，为后代祈祥纳福。但自魏肇庆始，家族逐渐凋零，直至人去楼空。虽然今天魏氏家谱已佚散，但留下的庄园却成为中国古代建筑的一颗明珠，也是魏氏族人留给世人的一笔珍贵财富。

魏氏庄园由树德堂、徙义堂、福寿堂三组建筑组成，规模宏大，建筑精良，占地面积32543平方米，现有房屋近百间，距今已有百余年的历史。其中树德堂最具特色，建于清代光绪十六年，由宫廷营造社大师设计。不同于一般民宅，魏氏庄园因其浓郁的军事防御色彩而著称，将城垣建筑运用于传统民居之中，是孙子兵法在民居中应用的典范。既承袭了北方建筑的对称、严谨、雄厚之风，又体现了南方建筑空间灵活多变之势。徙义堂与福寿堂做工精细，风格亦各有千秋，带有明显的地域色彩。

魏氏庄园具有深厚的文化底蕴，体现了高超的建筑艺术与中华民族文化的博大精深。近年来，随着维修、开发力度加大，内部陈列的充实，庄园恢复其往日风彩，成为人们感受鲁北民俗文化绚丽多彩的好场所。

（滨州市旅游发展委员会供稿）

编辑／王雪芃

○百年庄园历经沧桑，见证了豪族兴衰。图／魏文靖The century-old manor has gone through the vicissitudes of life, and witnessed the ups and downs of a family.

○魏氏庄园将城垣建筑运用于传统民居之中，是孙子兵法在民居中应用的典范。In Wei’s Manor, the city wall building techniques are used in traditional dwellings. It is a model of application of the Art of War to dwellings.

Located in Weiji Town, Huimin County,Shandong, Wei’s Manor is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Known as one of the “Three Manors of China” together with Mou’s Manor in Yantai and Liu Wencai Manor in Sichuan, it is the sole extant castle-style manor in China.

The Wei family was a distinguished family in North Shandong. More than 20 members of the family served as officials of the imperial court or received official positions from the court. Besides,the family was fabulously wealthy.

Wei’s Manor has profound cultural deposits,and embodies superb architectural art and extensive and profound Chinese culture. In recent years, with the increased effort in maintenance and development,the people strive to restore the past glamour of the manor, and enable it to become a good place for people to feel the gorgeous folk culture of North Shandong.