国际商务赠礼指南

文/金伯利·罗伯茨译/王之光

国际商务赠礼指南

文/金伯利·罗伯茨译/王之光

准备参加商务会议，需要对所要讨论或提出的信息备有实用的知识，要悉心留意要分发的印刷材料的所有细节，也许还得挑好礼物。在一些国家，这种场合送出礼物可能是预料之中的社交姿态，而在其他一些国家可能被看作是行贿的瓜田李下之举。出国之前了解东道国的赠礼指南，有助于会议的成功。

Preparing for a business meeting requires a working knowledge of the information to be discussed or presented, careful attention to all details on the printed material to be distributed, and perhaps a gift. This gift is a social gesture1gesture举止；做法。that may be expected in some countries, and could be considered a bribe in others. Knowing the gift guidelines for the country you’ll be visiting will help make your meeting a success.

[2]一些跨国公司和部分政府机构对员工收受礼物的行为有非常严格的规定。为了避免好心办坏事，必须了解要打交道的公司的相关政策。

[2] Some multi-national companies and some governments have very strict policies regarding their employees accepting gifts. To avoid creating a problem, it’s imperative you learn the policies for the companies you do business with.

[3]像马来西亚和巴拉圭这样的国家顾忌腐败问题，对任何可以被解释为贿赂的礼物都看不惯。在马来西亚，与人相熟之前不会给对方送礼。在新加坡，政府雇员不得接受礼物，美国则将公务员可收礼的价值限制在25美元之内。

[3] Countries like Malaysia and Paraguay, concerned with corruption, frown upon22 frown upon不赞成。any gift that could be construed3construe理解；把……认作。as a bribe. In Malaysia you wouldn’t give a gift until you had established a relationship withthe person. In Singapore, government employees are not allowed to accept gifts, and the United States limits the acceptable dollar value to $25.

[4]但是，在日本、印度尼西亚和菲律宾这样的一些国家，互赠礼物的传统根深蒂固。按照传统，送出和接受礼物时，举止要彬彬有礼。重要的是安排好时间和仪式流程。

[4] However, in some countries like Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines, exchanging gifts is strongly rooted in tradition. Part of the tradition is the gracious4gracious和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的。style used to present and receive them. It’s important to plan time and focus on the process.

[5]切记，在亚洲和中东，只能用右手或双手奉上或接收礼物，而在日本和中国香港，则须用双手。

[5] It’s very important in Asia and the Middle East to only use your right hand, or both hands, to offer or accept a gift. In Japan and Hong Kong, China, use both hands.

[6]在新加坡，收礼者可以“婉拒三次”再接受。在印度尼西亚，送小礼物是家常便饭。

[6] In Singapore a recipient may“graciously refuse three times” before accepting your gift. In Indonesia, small gifts are given on a frequent basis.

[7]选择礼物时，始终要注意宗教法度。例如，犹太教和伊斯兰教禁止吃猪肉，就不要选择猪皮做的礼物了。而在印度，不要送牛皮制品的礼物。伊斯兰教的另一禁忌是酒。

[7] Always be cognizant of religious laws when selecting gifts. For instance, pork is prohibited in the Jewish and Muslim religions, so you wouldn’t select a gift made from pigskin. As in India, don’t offer a gift made from cowhide. Another prohibition for the Muslim faith is alcohol.

[8]记住挑选任何礼物的标准都是质量。要选择不张扬的优质品。如果想用带公司标志的礼品，那么标志最好别太显眼。

[8] A standard to keep in mind for any gift you select is quality. Choose quality items that are not ostentatious5ostentatious摆阔的；铺张的。. If you have gifts with your company logo, it’s better if the logo is discreet6discreet小巧的；不显眼的。.

[9]在一家不错的餐厅请客吃饭总是很好的商业惯例。美酒佳肴的晚餐是“给东道主送礼物”的绝佳方式，足以向客方表示你珍视双方的业务关系，也是建立融洽关系的机会。巴西、英国、巴拿马和秘鲁的人都喜欢吃请，希腊人一整晚上都吃吃喝喝也不奇怪。在中国，如果对方请你吃了大餐，你也应该回请。

[9] Hosting a meal at a nice restaurant is always a good business practice. A fi ne dinner is a wonderful way to give a “gift to your hosts”, to show your guests you appreciate the business relationship you have with them, and an opportunity to build rapport7rapport融洽；和谐。. People in Brazil, England, Panama, and Peru enjoy being invited guests for a meal, and the Greeks look forward to an evening fi lled with dining. In China, plan a banquet, especially if you are being honored with one.

注重赠礼的国家：

欧洲——捷克共和国、波兰、俄罗斯、乌克兰

拉丁美洲——玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加

环太平洋地区——中国、印度尼西亚、日本、韩国、马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国

Countries in which a gift is expected:

Europe—Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Ukraine

Latin American—Bolivia, Columbia, Costa Rica

Pacific Rim—China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand

首访期间不送礼物的国家，但再访时应该送礼物：

欧洲——葡萄牙、西班牙

拉丁美洲——巴西、智利、危地马拉、尼加拉瓜、巴拿马、秘鲁、委内瑞拉

环太平洋地区——马来西亚、新加坡

斯堪的纳维亚——芬兰、挪威

Countries in which a gift is not expected on the fi rst visit, but would be expected on a subsequent visit:

Europe—Portugal, Spain

Latin American—Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela

Paci fi c Rim—Malaysia, Singapore

Scandinavia—Finland, Norway

不送礼物或者不太频繁交换礼物的国家：

非洲

澳大利亚

欧洲——英国、法国、匈牙利、意大利、丹麦

拉丁美洲——乌拉圭

沙特阿拉伯

美国

日本和中国的文化有着较为复杂的赠礼仪式。中东的游牧文化对旅行者有热情款待的传统，而拉丁语系文化认为所有的关系都是个人关系。任何国家，如果有来自这些文化背景的居民，都会以交换礼物作为建立关系和做生意的一个正常环节。

Countries in which a gift is not expected,or gifts are less frequent exchanged:

Africa

Australia

Europe—England, France, Hungary, Italy, Denmark

Latin America—Uruguay

Saudi Arabia

United States

Cultures with detailed rituals for the ceremony of gift giving are the Japanese and the Chinese. And Nomadic cultures in the Middle East have a tradition of hospitality to travelers, while Latin cultures consider all relationships as personal. So any country with a population from these cultural backgrounds will exchange gifts as a normal part of building relationships and doing business.

世界各地的礼物类别

在有些国家，第一次见面会送个小礼物，其中包括日本、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、韩国、玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、俄罗斯、波兰和乌克兰。

而在其他国家，不宜使用带有公司标志的礼品，如比利时、法国、希腊、意大利、葡萄牙和西班牙。

尖利物件

许多文化中，边缘尖利的物品象征着友谊或关系的断裂。为此，不要选刀、剪刀或开信刀作礼物。

General world wide gift categories

There are some countries in which a small gift is expected at the first meeting. These include Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, South Korea, Bolivia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Russia, Poland, and Ukraine.

And in other countries you don’t want to give an item with your company logo. These are Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.

Sharp Objects

In many cultures, items with a sharp edge symbolize the severing ofa friendship or relationship. In these cases, you wouldn’t select a knife, pair of scissors, or a letter opener for a gift.

特产

如果在以某种产品而闻名的国家开展业务，当地自豪感和对品质的高要求是你要考虑的重要因素，即不要拿该产品当礼物，特别是在别国制造的。

适用的例子是：阿根廷的皮革和葡萄酒、巴西和乌拉圭的皮革、德国啤酒和葡萄酒、法国和意大利的葡萄酒、俄罗斯和波兰的伏特加、芬兰的剪刀和墨西哥的银器，因为大家认为它们太常见了。

Locally Produced Product

If you’re doing business in a country known for producing a particular product, local pride and quality dictate that you wouldn’t offer that item as a gift, especially if it were manufactured elsewhere.

Good examples are: leather and wine in Argentina; leather in Brazil and Uruguay; beer and wine in Germany; wine in France and Italy; vodka in Russia and Poland; scissors in Finland; and silver in Mexico, because it’s considered too common.

电子产品和办公用品

电子产品——如激光笔、计算器和地址簿——作为商务礼品对于商人都是有用的，无论对方是高管还是职员。

可作为上佳礼品的办公用品包括精品钢笔或笔和铅笔套装、名片夹、上好的皮制公文包、在办公室使用或放在公文包里的皮革日志簿。

如果对方吸烟，可送上精巧的打火机。

Electronic Gadgets and Office Accessories

Business gifts that are useful for a business person, whether an executive or a staff member, are electronic items such as laser pointers, calculators, and address books.

Desk and office accessoriesthat make good gifts include fine quality pens, or pen and pencil sets, business card holders, good leather briefcases or leather organizers for use in the office or in a briefcase.

If the person smokes cigarettes, a nice cigarette lighter could be given.

白酒

对爱喝酒的人来说，一瓶优质的白酒或葡萄酒总是份好礼，除非对方住在以酒为特产的地区。

Liquor

A quality bottle of liquor or wine always makes a good gift for someone who drinks alcohol, unless the personlives in a region noted for producing the product.

巧克力

通常这是不错的选择。有多种优质巧克力，在商务会议场合可用作精美礼品，带着去登门做客，可送给女主人，或者作为帮你做项目的工作人员的答谢礼。巧克力可用各种尺寸的盒子包装，所以送礼物给一大群人，用巧克力也行得通。

甚至还有符合犹太洁食法规的巧克力，可以送给信奉犹太教的商业伙伴和客户。

Chocolate

Universally, this is a good choice. There are many fi ne quality chocolates that make exquisite gifts for a business meeting, for taking with you to someone’s home as a hostess gift, or for a thank you to a staff person who’s helped you on a project. Because it can be boxed in various sizes, it also works if you need a gift for a large group.

There’s even kosher8kosher符合犹太教规的洁食。chocolate for you to give to your Jewish business associates and clients.

花卉

花卉经常可以用作礼物，特别是应邀登门拜访时。可以带上花去对方家里，在晚宴之前寄送上门，或者第二天快递上门作为“答谢礼”。

若干文化中，特定颜色或类型的花卉具有浪漫爱情或肃穆葬礼的关联意义，不能送给女主人。红玫瑰往往寓意浪漫关系。殡葬经常与白色或紫色的花朵关联，百合或马蹄莲、菊花、鸡蛋花、白玫瑰、万寿菊、康乃馨、石南花都可以。在一些拉丁语系国家，黄色的花象征轻蔑的态度。 □

Flowers

Flowers can be frequently used as a gift, especially if you’ve been invited to someone’s home. You may want to bring fl owers with you to the house, send them prior to the dinner party, or have them sent the following day as a ‘thank you’.

In some cultures a particular color or type of flower is associated with romance or funerals, and would not be chosen to give a hostess. Red roses are frequently considered romantic. Funeral associations frequently occur with lilies or calla lilies, chrysanthemums, Frangipani, white roses, marigolds, carnations, heather, and white or purple fl owers. In some Latin countries, yellow fl owers symbolize contempt.

International Business Gift Giving

ByKimberley Roberts

（译者单位：浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院）