科学界的巨匠

物理學家。江西宜黄人。1929年毕业于南京东南大学。1937年获英国曼彻斯特大学理学博士学位。吉林大学教授。主要从事x射线晶体学、金属物理、固体物理理论等方面的研究与教学并取得突出成就。30年代研制出中国第一台盖革计数器。1942年创立x射线晶体结构分析新综合法，被国际晶体学界誉为国际上第一流晶体学家。40年代研制出中国第一台抽气式x光机。1950年研制出中国第一支医用封闭式x光管。70年代在固体与分子经验电子理论研究方面获重要成果。在培养科学人才方面作出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Yihuang， Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Dongnan University， Nanjing in 1929. Received Sc.D. from Manchest University ， UK in 1937. Professor， Jilin University.

Yu is mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields of X-ray crystallography， metal physics and solid physics and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1930s， he developed Chinas first Geiger counter. In 1942， he established a new synthesis method of X-ray crystal structure analysis and therefore was regarded as the first class crystallographist in the world. He also developed Chinas first pumped X-ray generator in the 1940s and first pumped X-ray tube for medical use in the 1950s. In the 1970s， he made important successes in empirical electronic theory of solids and molecules. He also contributed a lot to the training of scientefic personnel.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

天文学家。福建闽侯人。1926年毕业于美国芝加哥大学天文学系。1929年获叶凯士天文台天文学博士学位。中国科学院紫金山天文台研究员、台长、名誉台长。1928年发现1125号小行星，命名为“中华”。30多年来拍摄和领导拍摄到7000多次小行星和彗星的精确位置，发现80多颗小行星和3颗命名为“紫金山”的新彗星。1957年初应用天体力学基础理论对人造卫星轨道问题作了开创性研究。开创并领导了多个领域天文学 研究，取得多项重要成果。在天文学史研究、天文仪器研制、天文科普、推进学术交流等方面作了大量工作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Astronomer. Born in Minghou， Fujian province. Grakuated from the Department of Astronommy University of Chicago in 1926. Rcecived Ph.D. in astronomics from Yerkes Observatory in 1929. Research professor， director and honorary director， Purple Mountain Observatory， Chinese Academy of sciences.

Zhang discovered the asteroid， No. 1125， and named as “China”. In more than 30 years， he observed and was in charge of the observation of the precise positions of more than 7000 asteroids and comets and discovered over 80asteroids and 3 new comets which were named as “Tsuchinshan”. In the early 1957， he made original research on the orbits of artificial satellites with the fundamental theories of celestial mechanics. He opened up and led the astronomical research in several fields and obtained a number of important achievements. He conducted a great amount of research on the astronomical history， astronomical instrument design and astronomical popular science and promoted academic exchange and cooperation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

物理学家。浙江东阳人。1923年毕业于南京高等师范学校和东南大学。1925年获法国巴黎大学硕士学位，1927年获法国国家科学博士学位。1948年当选为中央研究院院士。中国科学院学部主席团名誉主席，中国科技大学教授、校长、名誉校长。中国现代物理学研究的开创人之一。精确测定了居里压电效应“反现象”，发现光双折射效应；系统研究了水晶圆柱体施加扭力起电现象，发现水晶扭电定律；深入研究了碱金属蒸气等光谱，发现轴向对称分子有效截面数值和费米—莱因斯伯格方程不符，并为原子物理学中的斯塔克效应等提供了丰富的实验证明；精确测定了臭氧紫外吸收系数，被世界各国气象学家用来观测高空臭氧层的变化达30年之久；研究压力对照相乳胶感光性能的影响，发现压力能减弱乳胶感光性能。

1955年被選聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Dongyang， Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Nanjing College and Southeast University in 1923. Received MS from Paris University， France in 1925 and French national doctor of science in 1927. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Honorary president， Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， and professor， president and honorary president， University of Science and Technology of China.

Yan is one of the founders of modern physics research in China. He precisely determined the “Adverse Phenomena” of the Curie piezoelectric effedt and discovered the dual –refraction effect of light. He tackled and examined systematically the electrification phenomena of the crystal cylinder under torsion， established the crystal torsion-electricity principle， carried out deepgoing investigation on the spectrum of alkaline metal vapor， etc.. and discolsed the axis-symmetric molecular effective cross-section value different from that of the Fermi-Linesburg Epuation， providing abundant experimental evidences for the Stack effect in atomic physics. He also precisely edtermined the ultra-violet absorbing coefficient of ozone， which was used for over 30years for observing the varation of the ozonosphere depth by meteorologists from all over the world. In his study on the influence of pressure on the light-sensitivity of photoemulsion， he found that pressure turns out tu weaken emulsions sensitivity.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

物理学家、晶体学家。浙江湖州人。1928年毕业于南京东南大学，1933年清华大学研究员研究生毕业。1936年获英国曼彻斯特大学物理学博士学位。中国科学院物理研究所研究员、代所长、顾问。主要从事晶体物理学和X射线晶体学的研究，是中国晶体物理学研究的主要创始人之一和X射线晶体学研究队伍的主要创建人。早年首创的利用晶体点阵常数测定相图中固溶度线的方法，至今仍被广泛采用。在应用X射线多晶粉末法研究晶体结构和合金相图等方面作出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist and crystallographer.Born in Huzhou，Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Dongnan University， Nanjing in 1928. Finished postgraduate study in the Graduate School， Tsinghua University in 1933. Received doctor of physics from Manchester University， UK in 1936. Research professor， actingdiredtor and advisor， Institute of Physics， Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Lu was mainly engaged in the research on crystal physics and X-ray crystallography. He was one of the primary originators of crystal physics study in China and the chief founder of Chinas research contingent for X-ray crystallography. In his early years， he initiated the method for the determination of solid solubility curves in a phase diagram by using crystal lattice constants， which is still used today. Hh also made important contributions to the study of crystal structures and alloy phase diagrams by applying X-ray multi-crystal powder diffraction techniques.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.