刘魏娜
【摘要】英语谚语凝结英语国家人民智慧,其内容广泛,言简意赅,生动隽永,通俗流畅,是英语教学的一种优秀的教学资源,恰当的运用对教学有很大的促进作用。本文结合教学实践,探讨了谚语在英语教学中的运用。
【关键词】谚语 英语教学
一、引言
谚语是一个民族的特征,是一个民族机智和精神的体现。作为英语国家人们经验和智慧的结晶,英语谚语在课堂上的准确有趣使用,既可以激发学生学习英语的热情,又可以恰到好处地进行情感态度和价值观的渗透。
二、教学中的具体体现
1.词汇教学方面。就像人的细胞一样,词汇是英语听说读写等各项技能的基础,在交际中起着非常重要的作用。倘若教师在词汇教学中选择一般的例句作為语料,不仅生硬,而且会让学生感到的是枯燥无味,教学效果不佳。但如用内涵丰富的英语谚语作为语料,不仅生动有趣,而且贴合学生的实际,使他们很容易对英语词汇产生学习兴趣,从而扩大词汇量,达到教学的目的及要求。例如,在讲解教与职业有关的词汇时,可引以下谚语:As is the workman so is the work. A beggars purse is bottomless.Such carpenters, such ships. Obedience is the first duty of a soldier. Speed is the soldiers asset. An upright judge has more regard to justice than to men. The good mariner is known in bad weather.
英语谚语具有一定的音韵美,因此读起来朗朗上口。因此,在进行单词及短语讲解时,可利用这一点,适当的引用一些音韵优美的英语谚语。学生乐于背诵,所学习词汇相应地记得牢。如,学习单词sweet 时可引入谚语No sweet without sweat. Sour, sweet, bitter, pungent, all must be tasted. Sweet discourse makes short days and nights. Forbidden fruit is sweet.在日常的教学中,可以通过朗读,猜词,翻译等训练,让学生在有趣的谚语中记忆单词。
2.语法教学方面。语法就如同人的骨骼一样,揭示语言的内在规律,是语言的基础和精髓。但由于语法本身的枯燥无味,外加部分学者倡导的淡化语法、甚至抛弃语法的理论,使许多学生不懂语法,不重视语法,语言运用不规范,语言错误多。这不仅影响学生学习英语的兴趣,有碍学生英语学习的成长,同时也影响教师教学的效果和热情。但如适当地选择谚语作例句,既可优化英语语法教学的过程,又可达到事半功倍的效果。
例如:在讲解形容词、副词比较等级时,可选用一下谚语:Imagination is more important than knowledge. Personal achievement is the best sign to love our country. Blood is thicker than water. Content is better than riches.在进行英语非谓语动词的讲解时,可选用一下谚语:There are none so deaf as those who will not hear. Its more blessed to give than to receive. Its no use crying over split milk. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. Grasp all, lose all. Love makes one fit for work.在进行从句的讲解时,可选用一下谚语:What is worth doing is worth doing well. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Practice what you preach. Only through hard work can we achieve our goals. As you sow, so shall you reap. After rain comessunshin.在具体的授课过程中,可以通过对各个谚语的对比分析,让学生清楚的知道各个语法点的基本知识,寓乐于语法学习,为高阶的学习打下良好的基础。
3.写作教学方面。写作是一个复杂的思维过程,运用纯语言手段进行组织段落,利用合理的思维逻辑使文章条理清楚,结构合理。但由于受母语负迁移的影响,不少学生所写的文章都是词不达意,语言单调,汉式英语的表达更是屡见不鲜。但如在教学中引导学生积累英语谚语,并且不失时机地分类补充一些谚语,学生进行了量的积累后会体会到英语谚语的语言特点,增强英语语感,有意识地去模仿进而写出趋于地道的句子。例如,在写主题如“(英语)学习的重要性”这类的文章,可以仿照 “Learn English to love our country”,改写出Learn English to travel around all over the world;仿照“Money is a good servant, but a bad master.”,改写出 Study is a good servant, but a bad master;仿照 All roads lead to Rome,改写成Hard work leads to success;仿照 “An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening”,改写成An hour in the youth is worth two in the old age. 这些改写的语句与原谚语极度相似而又不同,贴合文章的主题,风趣幽默,令人耳目一新。endprint
同时,在平时的写作练习中,教师可引导学生用他们所熟知的谚语来阐明观点,以增强文章的说服力。例如,论述“体育”的重要性,可引用:Sports and games are also very useful for character training. Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. 论述“友谊”的话题,可引用:A life without a friend is a life without the sun. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A true friend is one soul in two bodies. A man who has friends must show himself friendly. 这些谚语不仅有助于说明自己的观点,同时会增加文章的文采和内涵。
4.情感教学方面。情感教学是现代教学的关键内容,积极的情感态度可以促进学生的英语学习效率和人格培养。思想健康、勉励性强的谚语对矫正不良心理有着潜移默化的作用。例如:Only through hard work can we achieve our goals.Difficulty gives in to a strong-willed man.该类谚语會使学生意识到志向艰苦奋斗在人生进取过程中的重要性。One hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. Time and tide wait for no man.该类谚语会使学生懂得珍惜时间。Failure is the mother of success. Its never too late to mend. Better later than never. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.该类谚语让学生注意总结失败的经验教训。Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark. All that glitters is not gold.
三、结语
英语谚语既是人类情感智慧的总结,又在教学中发挥着不可替代的作用。在教学活动中适当的引用英语谚语,既可让学生容易接受,乐于理解掌握,又能得到积极的情感熏陶,从而提升学生的人文素养,为学生的成长发展打下坚实的语言基础。
参考文献:
[1]陈明华.英文谚语精选[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[2]骆颖君.英语谚语教学[J].中小学英语教学与研究,2006(9): 28-31.
[3]庞公平.巧用谚语学语法[J].中小学英语教学与研究,2008(1): 64-67.endprint