Rodin Opened the Doors to the 20th Century罗二十丹世:纪的引路人

2017-12-05 10:34ByChristopheBusch翻译BillyBudd
疯狂英语·新悦读 2017年12期
关键词:左拉罗丹巴尔扎克

⊙ By Christophe Busché翻译:BillyBudd

Rodin Opened the Doors to the 20th Century罗二十丹世:纪的引路人

⊙ By Christophe Busché翻译:BillyBudd

今年是法国雕塑家奥古斯特·罗丹(Auguste Rodin,1840-1917)逝世一百周年,多个欧美国家纷纷举办各种活动,纪念这位20世纪新雕塑艺术的创造者。罗丹一生的创作屡屡被人攻击和嘲讽,我们非常熟悉的《思想者》在问世之初就备受争议,而最受非议的要属《巴尔扎克》。《巴尔扎克》突破学院派的束缚,摒弃传统雕塑的条条框框,表现了作家的精神世界。尽管《巴尔扎克》最初不被作品的委托人接受,受到艺术界的冷嘲热讽,但最终经受住了时间的考验,成为西方雕塑划时代的作品。

The more he aged, the more Rodin ignored the rules of official1)statuary, and it was with a2)scandal that he once again3)demonstrated his freedom. The journalists of the time called it “The Balzac Scandal.”

In 1891, Émile Zola, then president of the Society of Men of Letters,4)commissioned a5)monumental statue of Honore de Balzac from Rodin. He was given 18 months for the task but he was to take seven years to complete it. In order to understand the character of the novelist, Rodin6)immersed himself in his world. He went to7)Touraine and surveyed the landscapes that inspired Balzac’s books. Over the seven years, Rodin8)portrayed Balzac in an9)infinite number of10)variations. And after all these years of research, Rodin finally produced his own vision of the writer.

It was a vision that no one could’ve imagined.

Véronique Mattiussi(Rodin Museum):(via translator)He totally rejected the11)conventions of public statuary. He rejected the way of identifying him as a man of letters using a pen or the slightest12)resemblance to him.

Colin Lemoine(Head of Sculpture BourdelleMuseum):(via translator)He simply wanted to13)grasp an idea of Balzac but also of Balzac’s literature. Of the great man, almost.The idea was to go beyond the simple statue of the writer, to move towards something more fitting with14)genius.

“MyBalzacin his pose and in his gaze makes one imagine the environment around him where he walks, where he lives, where he thinks. He’s not separated from what’s around him. He’s like a real, living being.”

Rodin had no doubts about hisBalzac.All that now remained was to present it to the15)exasperated people who had been waiting seven years.

Thomas Schlesser(Art Historian):(via translator)When it was presented to the Society of the Men of Letters, the society said, “No, it’s impossible. We can’t accept it.It does not correspond to our wishes.”

Colin:(via translator)The16)jury considered there to be something17)irreverent about it.It was badly made, badly sculptured. It was a failure.

What would be the reaction of the public who were impatient to see this work that everyone was talking about without ever

作文素材常积累

奥古斯特·罗丹——A true artist expresses what he thinks without fear of prejudice. 当罗丹的《巴尔扎克》第一次在公众面前亮相时,他们只看到了伟人“穿着邋遢”的浅显外表,却不能脱离表面探及其更深处的涵义。尽管遭遇了百般耻笑,但一个真正的艺术家不会曲意逢迎外界的指手画脚,他敢于表达、也勇于坚持内心所思、所想,因为真理从来不掌握在盲目的多数人手中,时间将证明一切的对错。having seen?

At the18)Salon of 1898, the greatest sculptors of the time were exhibiting, but the only statue that19)grabbed the public’s attention was theBalzac.

Véronique:(via translator)Nobody understood. He was20)insulted by everyone. They said it was a21)monolith, it was22)misshapen, a penguin. It was attacked in every way possible.

The Society of Men of Letters refused to pay Rodin.Certain that future generations would realize he was right,he said...

“This work that has been laughed at and23)scorned because people could destroy it. It’s the24)summing up of my whole life. It’s the very center point of my25)aestheticism. From the day I26)conceived it, I’ve been a new man.”

Barbara Musetti(Doctor of History of Art):(via translator)In this misshapen form on which sits the powerful skull,the symbol of creative genius, one can perhaps see a resemblance to the image that Rodin would like to leave behind, a legacy for27)posterity made from his own work.

Rodin had never been so28)daring. The history of sculpture can be divided into Pre-Balzac and Post-Balzac periods.Colin:(via translator)It’s considered by some people as a sort of29)tipping point in sculpture, towards a free,30)expressionist and expressive form of sculpture. It really is an31)unprecedented piece of sculpture.

Barbara:(via translator)He was the artist who32)laid the foundations for the development of modern sculpture.He was the artist who acted as a link, if you like, between the two centuries.

With hisBalzac, Rodin literally opened the doors to the 20th century.

ButBalzacshocked33)curating circles so much that it was only in 1939 that his statue was finally34)erected in Paris.

CY百科

◆ Society of Men of Letters of France 法国文人协会:由巴尔扎克、雨果(Victor Hugo)、大仲马(Alexandre Dumas)、乔治·桑(George Sand)等法国著名作家创立于1838年,旨在保护作家们的各种合法权益。协会成立初期,申请入会的作家必须满足通过出版社出版作品的条件,自行印刷出版的不算。

◆ Émile Zola 埃米尔·左拉:

法国自然主义文学流派创始人与领袖(1840-1902)。左拉受到巴尔扎克《人间喜剧》的启迪,早在1868年便酝酿写一部多卷本巨著。1871年至1893年间,他创作的20部小说相继问世,这就是著名的鸿篇巨制《卢贡-马卡尔家族》,其中包括《娜娜》《小酒店》《萌芽》等作品。

◆ Honoré de Balzac 奥诺雷·

德·巴尔扎克:法国19世纪伟大的批判现实主义作家(1799-1850),被称为“现代法国小说之父”。他立志要成为文学事业上的拿破仑,一生创作甚丰,写出了91部小说,塑造了2472个栩栩如生的人物形象,合称《人间喜剧》。《人间喜剧》被誉为“法国社会的百科全书”。

参考译文

罗丹年岁愈大,便愈是无视传统雕塑的条条框框。他通过一场“丑闻”,再一次向世人展示了他的自由思想,当时的记者称这一事件为“巴尔扎克丑闻”。

1891年,时任法国文人协会主席埃米尔·左拉委托罗丹为巴尔扎克制作一座纪念塑像。左拉给了他18个月的时间,罗丹却耗费了七年才完成塑像。为了把握这位小说家的性格特征,罗丹一头扎进了他的世界。他亲自前往都兰,对这片激发巴尔扎克创作灵感的土地进行考察。在那七年里,罗丹曾创作了无数个版本各异的巴尔扎克。经过历时七年的探索,罗丹终于构想出了自己心目中的作家形象。

这是没有人能想象到的形象。

韦罗妮克·马蒂乌齐(罗丹博物馆):(通过翻译)他全盘否定了公共雕塑的老一套做法,拒绝以持笔的作家形象或任何与本人外貌相似的形象去定义巴尔扎克。

科兰·勒穆瓦纳(布德尔博物馆雕刻部门主管):(通过翻译)他的想法很简单,他既希望深刻理解巴尔扎克其人,也想把握其作品的精髓——这位伟人的思想精华。他想要超越单纯的作家雕像,表达一些更接近精神层面的东西。

“我的《巴尔扎克》塑像通过他的姿态、他的凝视,让人能够联想到他走过的地方,他生活与思考的环境。他并非与世隔绝,他就像一个真实的、活生生的存在。”

罗丹从未对《巴尔扎克》有过丝毫怀疑。万事俱备,接下来就是向等待了七年之久,早已不耐烦的公众展示这件作品。

托马·施勒塞尔(艺术史学家):(通过翻译)当它出现在文人协会众成员面前时,他们说:“不,这太荒唐了。我们无法接受它,它与我们的期望并不相符。”

科兰:(通过翻译)协会的人认为罗丹的这尊塑像夹带着对伟人的不敬,认为其粗制滥造至极,根本就是件不及格的作品。

对这尊还没现世就已引发议论的雕像,翘首以盼的公众的反应又如何呢?

在1898年的巴黎沙龙上,展出的作品出自多位当时最优秀的雕塑家之手,但唯一引起公众关注的雕塑只有《巴尔扎克》。韦罗妮克:(通过翻译)没有人能够理解这件作品。他受到了所有人的嘲讽。他们说那就是一块未加工的石料,是件奇形怪状的作品,像只企鹅。总之,它遭受了百般攻击。

文人协会拒绝向罗丹付钱。而罗丹则确信后人将会明白自己是对的,他曾说……

“因为人们可以随意诋毁我的《巴尔扎克》,它饱经嘲讽与蔑视,但它是我一生的总结,它是我审美观的集中体现。从我构思它的那天起,我就已获得了新生。”

芭芭拉·穆塞蒂(艺术史博士):(通过翻译)这座形状怪异的雕塑顶着一颗了不起的头颅,那是创造才华的象征。人们或许可以从中看到其与罗丹希望留给后人的形象的相似之处,看到他通过自己的作品留给后人的遗产。

罗丹的创作从未如此大胆。至此,雕塑的历史至此可划分为“前巴尔扎克”时期和“后巴尔扎克时期”。

科兰:(通过翻译)一些人将此视作雕塑史上的一个转折点,在此之后,雕塑开始朝着自由、倾向表现主义及富于表现力的方向发展。《巴尔扎克》无愧为史无前例的雕塑作品。

芭芭拉:(通过翻译)他是一位为现代雕塑的发展奠定了基础的艺术家。可以这么说,他就是在两个世纪之间承前启后的艺术家。

毫不夸张地说,凭借着《巴尔扎克》这件作品,罗丹开启了20世纪的大门。

但《巴尔扎克》给当时的艺术界造成的震惊太大了,直到1939年,《巴尔扎克》才终于得以矗立巴黎。

1) statuary [ˑstætjuːərɪ] n. 雕像,雕塑,雕塑群

2) scandal [ˑskænd(ə)l] n. 丑闻,流言蜚语

3) demonstrate [ˑdemənstreɪt] v. 展示,证明

4) commission [kəˑmɪʃ(ə)n] v. 委托制作

5) monumental [mɒnjʊˑment(ə)l] adj. 纪念性的

6) immerse oneself in 埋头于,专注于,沉浸于

7) Touraine 都兰,法国西北部地区,是著名的葡萄酒产地。区内的历史古城图尔(Tours)正是巴尔扎克的出生地。

8) portray [pɔːˑtreɪ] v. 描绘,刻画

9) in fi nite [ˑɪnfənɪt] adj. 无限的,无数的

10) variation [veərɪˑeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 变化,变体

11) convention [kənˑvenʃ(ə)n] n. 惯例,习俗

12) resemblance [rɪˑzembləns] n. 相似,相似之处

13) grasp [ɡrɑːsp] v. 抓住,领会

14) genius [ˑdʒiːnɪəs] n. (时代、语言的)精神;才华,天赋

15) exasperated [ɪɡˑzɑːspəreɪtɪd] adj. 激怒的,恼火的

16) jury [ˑdʒʊərɪ] n. 艺术作品评选委员会,尤指参加巴黎沙龙画展作品的评选委员会

17) irreverent [ɪˑrevərənt] adj. 不敬的,无礼的

18) Salon 指法国国家美术协会沙龙,《巴尔扎克》就是在这场1898年的沙龙上首次在公众前亮相。

19) grab [ɡræb] v. 抓住

20) insult [ɪnˑsʌlt] v. 侮辱,凌辱

21) monolith [ˑmɒnəlɪθ] n. 整块石料,庞然大物

22) misshapen [mɪsˑʃeɪpən] adj. 畸形的,怪异的

23) scorn [skɔːn] v. 轻蔑,嘲笑

24) sum up 总结

25) aestheticism [ˌiːsˑθetɪsɪzəm] n. 唯美主义,审美感

26) conceive [kənˑsiːv] v. 构思,构想

27) posterity [pɒˑsterɪtɪ] n. 子孙,后代

28) daring [ˑdeərɪŋ] adj. 大胆的,勇敢的

29) tipping point 转折点

30) expressionist [ɪkˑspreʃənɪst] adj. 表现主义的;名词为expressionism,表现主义,现代重要艺术流派之一。

31) unprecedented [ʌnˑpresɪdentɪd] adj. 空前的,史无前例的

32) lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础

33) curate [ˑkjʊərət] v. 管理,组织(艺术展)

34) erect [ɪˑrekt] v. 竖起,竖立

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