冯惠庆 甘玉杰 金海英
【摘要】 目的:探讨降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)联合白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)在早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的应用。方法:选取2016年6-12月本院收治的胎膜早破孕妇100例为观察组,另选取同期收治的足月正常分娩孕妇50例为对照组。检测两组孕妇PCT、IL-6水平及阳性表达率情况。并于分娩后对所有孕妇取胎盘胎膜组织行病理检查,根据病理检查结果,将胎膜早破孕妇分为有绒毛膜羊膜炎组(n=46)和无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(n=54),比较其血清PCT、IL-6水平及阳性表达率情况;并采用ROC曲线评估PCT联合IL-6对胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断作用。结果:观察组PCT检测水平及阳性表达率均明显高于对照组,观察组IL-6检测水平及阳性表达率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);有绒毛膜羊膜炎组PCT检测水平及阳性表达率均明显高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(P<0.05);有绒毛膜羊膜炎组IL-6检测水平及阳性表达率均明显高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(P<0.05);有绒毛膜羊膜炎组PCT、IL-6均为阳性率69.57%(32/46)明显高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎组的18.51%(10/54)(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,PCT早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感度为84.78%(39/46)、特异度为88.89%(48/54)、准确性为87.00%(87/100)、阳性预测值为86.67%(39/45)、阴性预测值87.27%(48/55);IL-6早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感度为86.96%(40/46)、特异度为90.74%(49/54)、准确性为89.00%(89/100)、阳性预测值为88.89%(40/45)、阴性预测值89.09%(49/55);PCT+IL-6早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感度为89.13%(41/46)、特异度为92.59%(50/54)、準确性为91.00%(91/100)、阳性预测值为91.11%(41/45)、阴性预测值90.91%(50/55)。结论:胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎孕妇PCT、IL-6水平均升高,PCT联合IL-6可早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎,对临床早期治疗具有重要意义。
【关键词】 降钙素原; 白细胞介素-6; 胎膜早破; 绒毛膜羊膜炎
Application of Procalcitonin Combined with IL-6 in Early Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes with Chorioamnionitis/FENG Hui-qing,GAN Yu-jie,JIN Hai-ying.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(17):010-014
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the application of procalcitonin(PCT) combined with interleukin-6(IL-6) in the early diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis.Method:A total of 100 cases of premature rupture of membranes in our hospital from June 2016 to December 2016 were selected as the observation group.Another 50 cases of full-term normal delivery pregnant women were selected as the control group.The levels of serum PCT,IL-6 and positive expression rate of two groups were detected.Pathological examination of placenta and fetal membranes was carried out after delivery.According to the results of pathological examination,premature rupture of fetal membranes were divided into non-chorioamnionitis group(n=54) and chorioamnionitis group(n=46).The serum levels of PCT and IL-6,and the positive rate of IL-6 were compared.ROC curve was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of PCT combined with amniotic membrane in patients with premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis.Result:The levels of PCT and positive expression rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the level of IL-6 and positive expression rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The level of PCT and positive expression rate of in chorioamnionitis group were significantly higher than those in non-chorioamnionitis group(P<0.05).The level of IL-6 and positive expression rate of chorioamnionitis group were significantly higher than those in non-chorioamnionitis group(P<0.05).PCT and IL-6 positive rate of chorioamnionitis group were significantly higher than that of non-chorioamnionitis group(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that PCT in the early diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis,sensitivity was 84.78%(39/46),specificity was 88.89%(48/54),accuracy was 87%(87/100),positive predictive value was 86.67%(39/45),and negative predictive value was 87.27%(48/55).IL-6 in the early diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis,sensitivity was 86.96%(40/46) and specificity was 90.74%(49/54),accuracy was 89.00% (89/100),positive predictive value was 88.89%(40/45),and negative predictive value was 89.09%(49/55).PCT+IL-6 in the early diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis,sensitivity was 89.13%(41/46) and specificity was 92.59%(50/54),accuracy was 91.00%(91/100),positive predictive value was 91.11%(41/45),and negative predictive value was 90.91%(50/55).Conclusion:PCT and IL-6 of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis are increased,PCT combined with IL-6 can early diagnose premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis,it is important for early clinical treatment.
【Key words】 Procalcitonin; IL-6; Premature rupture of membranes; Chorioamnionitis
First-authors address:Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City,Zhongshan 528400,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.17.003
胎膜早破(premature rupture of membranes,PROM)是围生期最常见的并发症,可对孕产妇及新生儿产生不利影响,胎膜早破包括未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)和足月胎膜早破(PROM)[1]。绒毛膜羊膜炎(chorioaminoniits,cAM)是胎膜早破的重要并发症,其具有呈亚临床经过、症状不典型的特征,不易进行早期诊断[2]。目前传统实验室指标降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)等均对绒毛膜羊膜炎有一定诊断价值,而白细胞介素类、肿瘤坏死因子等分子生物学指标随着临床应用研究及分子生物学的不断深入发展也逐漸被用作诊断指标[3-4]。但是传统实验室指标联合分子生物学指标诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的相关报道较少,IL-6、PCT均属非特异性感染的炎性介质。因此,本研究探讨PCT联合IL-6检测对胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断价值,取得满意效果,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2016年6-12月本院收治的胎膜早破孕妇100例为观察组,另选取同期收治的足月正常分娩孕妇50例为对照组。该研究已经医院伦理委员会批准,且孕妇知情同意,所有孕妇均符合胎膜早破的诊断[5],阴道窥器检查见宫颈口流出羊水或有羊水积聚阴道后弯窿;B超检查显示羊水减少;阴道液pH值测定超过6.5;阴道液涂片检查,干燥后行镜检发现存在羊齿植物叶状结晶。PROM组孕妇100例,年龄23~32岁,平均(27.23±2.25)岁;其中PPROM孕妇46例,妊娠28~36周,足月PROM孕妇54例,妊娠37~42周;对照组孕妇50例,年龄23~33岁,平均(28.26±2.32)岁;分娩后对所有产妇取全层胎膜组织行病理检测,绒毛膜羊膜炎诊断标准[6]:白细胞在绒毛膜板和羊膜组织中呈弥漫性聚集,且每高倍镜视野下中性粒细胞浸润>5个。根据病理检查结果,将胎膜早破孕妇分为有绒毛膜羊膜炎组(n=46)和无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(n=54)。两组孕妇年龄、孕周等基本资料相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法 所有孕妇采集5 mL外周静脉血,对照组在孕妇入院待产时采集外周静脉血,观察组孕妇外周静脉血在胎膜破裂6 h内及用药治疗前采集;均静置离心后取血清待测,采用荧光定量法检测PCT,采用化学发光法检测IL-6。待产妇产后于胎膜破口边缘处取2 cm×2 cm胎膜组织,并采用10%甲醛及石蜡进行固定、包埋,作厚4 nm切片,进行苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)染色后光镜检查。
1.3 阳性判定标准 PCT、IL-6水平阳性判定:PCT阳性为0.5 μg/mL以上,IL-6阳性为7 ng/mL以上[7]。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 19.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用 字2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。采用ROC曲线评估PCT联合IL-6对胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断作用。
2 结果
2.1 观察组与对照组PCT、IL-6水平及阳性表达率比较 观察组PCT、IL-6检测水平及阳性表达率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 有无绒毛膜羊膜炎孕妇PCT、IL-6水平及阳性表达率比较 有绒毛膜羊膜炎组PCT、IL-6检测水平及阳性表达率均明显高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(P<0.05);有绒毛膜羊膜炎组PCT及IL-6均为阳性率明显高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3 PCT联合IL-6在胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断价值ROC曲线分析 ROC曲线分析结果显示,PCT、IL-6、PCT+IL-6早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。
3 讨论
完整的胎膜具有保护羊膜腔的作用,可作一个重要屏障对宫内感染进行预防,胎膜早破在孕期有10.0%~12.4%发生率,胎膜破裂后,导致羊膜腔被病原菌经阴道、宫颈口上行进入直接侵袭,使宫内感染机会增加[8-9]。因此,绒毛膜羊膜炎是由胎膜早破引起并发症,可导致产妇预后不良及新生儿肺炎、败血症等情况发生[10]。因为绒毛膜羊膜炎的临床征象往往在宫内感染晚期出现,因此无法较准确地根据临床症状对组织绒毛膜羊膜炎进行判断,促使诊治不及时而引起严重的母婴并发症,因此对绒毛膜羊膜炎进行早期诊断至关重要[11]。
目前,培养脐血或羊水细菌往往耗时较长,易导致诊治延误,而胎盘组织的病理检查也只是一种在孕妇产后进行的回顾性诊断方法,而中性粒细胞、白细胞计数在妇女妊娠后体内均呈增多增高现象,因而不能较好地反应病情;且许多临床因素均能使血清炎性因子CRP呈假阳性,因而也无法较好地诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎,因此何种临床指标可早期诊断绒毛膜羊膜炎已成为临床关注的热点[12]。但因个体差异、病原体差异、生存环境及行为方式的不同等多种因素影响导致使用单一炎性因子难以对绒毛膜羊膜炎进行诊断[13]。本研究探讨PCT联合IL-6检测对胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断价值,结果发现观察组PCT、IL-6水平及阳性表达率均高于对照组(P<0.05),有绒毛膜羊膜炎组PCT、IL-6水平及阳性表达率均高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(P<0.05),且ROC曲线分析结果显示,PCT+IL-6早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的诊断价值良好。
PCT是一种主要由甲状腺细胞合成和分泌的降钙素的前提蛋白质,由116个氨基酸残基组成,因其在生理条件下含量较低,因而无法使用常规的方法检测,但PCT随感染加重而呈现浓度敏感升高,当感染得到控制时降低,具有稳定结构,不易受体内激素水平的影响,是目前最理想的早期特异诊断全身系统性炎性的反应指标[14-15]。Canpolat等[16]研究报道称PCT可对产妇羊膜腔内的感染进行早期预测,且均有较高的敏感性和特异性。而彭菊兰等[17]则证实了当未足月胎膜早破患者PCT临界值为0.5 ng/mL时,其组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎病理检查结果也出现差异,认为血清PCT可早期诊治胎膜早破患者。而本研究发现PCT早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感度为84.78%、特异度为88.89%。IL-6是一种可由羊膜细胞、单核巨噬细胞、绒毛以及蜕膜等多种细胞分泌的糖蛋白类细胞因子,可参与患者机体的炎症级联反应过程。而有研究显示,在绒毛膜羊膜炎患者的母血、脐血及羊水中均可发现有炎性细胞因子存在,且其较CRP产生早[18-19]。当孕妇在妊娠过程中出现胎膜早破并发感染时,病原微生物及其代谢产物与单核细胞、滋养层细胞及蜕膜等产生应答,从而增高母血中IL-6的含量,IL-6主要参与炎症反应,在临床宫内感染检测中具有明显优势[20]。本研究发现IL-6早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感度为86.96%、特异度为90.74%。
综上所述,胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎孕妇PCT、IL-6水平均升高,PCT联合IL-6可早期诊断胎膜早破合并绒毛膜羊膜炎,对临床早期治疗具有重要意义。
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(收稿日期:2017-04-28) (本文编辑:程旭然)