张 利,董晓柳,张秀清,关 菲,辛 佳,徐士军,李 丽
·论著·
普罗布考对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的影响研究
张 利1,董晓柳2,张秀清2,关 菲3,辛 佳1,徐士军2,李 丽4
目的 探讨普罗布考对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的影响。方法 选取2013年12月—2014年12月唐山市人民医院收治的OSAHS患者88例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组患者给予阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,观察组患者给予普罗布考治疗;两组患者均连续治疗12个月。比较两组患者治疗前后血脂指标〔包括总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)〕、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)及血清抵抗素、脂联素水平,AHI与OSAHS患者其他观察指标间的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。结果 两组患者治疗前TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者TC、TG、LDL-C低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C低于治疗前,HDL-C高于治疗前(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR及治疗后空腹血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR低于治疗前(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前AHI、LSaO2比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者AHI低于对照组,LSaO2高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后AHI低于治疗前,LSaO2高于治疗前(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前血清抵抗素、脂联素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者血清抵抗素水平低于对照组,血清脂联素水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清抵抗素水平低于治疗前,血清脂联素水平高于治疗前(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AHI与OSAHS患者TC、TG、LDL-C、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR及血清抵抗素水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.536、0.392、0.497、0.386、0.401、0.512,P<0.05),与OSAHS患者HDL-C、LSaO2及血清脂联素水平呈负相关(r值分别为-0.415、-0.608、-0.473,P<0.05)。结论 普罗布考能有效改善OSAHS患者血脂代谢、糖代谢及氧合状态;AHI与OSAHS患者血清抵抗素水平呈正相关,与OSAHS患者血清脂联素水平呈负相关。
睡眠呼吸暂停,阻塞性;普罗布考;抵抗素;脂联素
张利,董晓柳,张秀清,等.普罗布考对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的影响研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2017,25(4):43-47.[www.syxnf.net]
ZHANG L,DONG X L,ZHANG X Q,et al.Impact of probucol on patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(4):43-47.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)为临床常见睡眠障碍类型,可引发低氧血症、睡眠结构紊乱,占睡眠障碍的1/3~1/2[1-2],仅次于失眠,可严重影响患者生活质量。目前,OSAHS的确切发病机制尚不完全明确;有研究表明,OSAHS患者血清抵抗素、脂联素水平异常,二者可能在OSAHS的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用[3-4]。普罗布考具有抗炎、调脂、抗氧化、抑制内膜增生、改善血管内皮细胞功能、抑制血管重构等作用,近年来关于普罗布考治疗OSAHS的研究报道较多。本研究旨在探讨普罗布考对OSAHS患者的影响,现报道如下。
1.1 一般资料 选取2013年12月—2014年12月唐山市人民医院收治的OSAHS患者88例,均符合《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治指南(2011年修订版)》[5]中的OSAHS诊断标准:(1)不明原因白天重度嗜睡;(2)具备以下两项或以上临床症状:睡眠时有鼾声、窒息、憋气,夜间频繁觉醒,醒后不解乏、白天疲乏,注意力难以集中;(3)夜间睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h。排除伴有器质性疾病、免疫系统疾病、精神疾病者。采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、体质指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表1),具有可比性。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有患者自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书。
1.2 治疗方法 对照组患者给予阿托伐他汀钙片(辉瑞制药有限公司生产,国药准字J20070060)口服,10 mg/次,1次/d;观察组患者给予普罗布考(承德颈复康药业集团生产,国药准字H10960161)口服,500 mg/次,2次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12个月。
表1 两组患者一般资料比较
注:a为χ2值
1.3 观察指标 (1)采用日本OLYMPUS AU2700全自动生化分析仪检测两组患者治疗前后血脂指标及空腹血糖,其中血脂指标包括总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);试剂盒购自日本第一化学株式会社,严格按照说明书进行操作。(2)采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测两组患者治疗前后空腹胰岛素,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。(3)采用多导睡眠呼吸监测仪监测AHI及最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2),监测时间≥7 h。(4)采用放射免疫法检测血清脂联素和抵抗素水平,试剂盒购自美国Linco Research公司,严格按照说明书进行操作。
2.1 两组患者血脂指标比较 两组患者治疗前TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者TC、TG、LDL-C低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C低于治疗前,HDL-C高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。
2.2 两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR比较 两组患者治疗前空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR及治疗后空腹血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表3)。
2.3 两组患者治疗前后AHI、LSaO2比较 两组患者治疗前AHI、LSaO2比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者AHI低于对照组,LSaO2高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后AHI低于治疗前,LSaO2高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表4)。
2.4 两组患者治疗前后血清抵抗素、脂联素水平比较 两组患者治疗前血清抵抗素、脂联素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者血清抵抗素水平低于对照组,血清脂联素水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清抵抗素水平低于治疗前,血清脂联素水平高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表5)。
2.5 相关性分析Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AHI与OSAHS患者TC、TG、LDL-C、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR及血清抵抗素水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与OSAHS患者HDL-C、LSaO2及血清脂联素水平呈负相关(P<0.05,见表6)。
近年来,睡眠医学取得快速发展,OSAHS作为常见睡眠障碍类型而备受睡眠医学研究者关注。OSAHS是一种全身性疾病,潜在危险性较大[6],可导致血氧分压降低、血二氧化碳分压升高,进而引发呼吸骤停、心力衰竭等,可严重影响患者身体健康和生命安全[7]。研究表明,OSAHS主要是由上气道解剖结构狭窄和呼吸控制功能失调所致,患者由于睡眠时呼吸中枢驱动性下降、咽扩张肌张力降低而导致吸气时咽腔负压增大、咽气道软组织被动性塌陷等[8-9]。
表2 两组患者治疗前后血脂指标比较±s,mmol/L)
注:TC=总胆固醇,TG=三酰甘油,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
表3 两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR比较±s)
注:HOMA-IR=胰岛素抵抗指数
表4 两组患者治疗前后AHI、LSaO2比较
注:AHI=睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数,LSaO2=最低血氧饱和度
表5 两组患者治疗前后血清抵抗素、脂联素水平比较±s)
表6 AHI与OSAHS患者其他观察指标的相关性
研究表明,普罗布考可通过降低胆固醇合成、促进胆固醇分解而降低血清胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白水平;通过改变高密度脂蛋白亚型结构和功能而影响卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶、胆固醇酯转移蛋白及载脂蛋白E功能,继而使脂质化的胆固醇/TC比例恢复正常等,促进血液中HDL-C的逆转运;通过抑制细胞间黏附因子和P选择素的表达而抑制单核细胞黏附于内皮细胞,从而发挥调脂和改善血管内皮细胞功能等作用[10-11]。
大量临床研究证实,OSAHS患者存在血清抵抗素、脂联素水平异常改变[12-13]。抵抗素是RSTN基因编码产物,属抵抗素样分子(RELM)家族,其是一种富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白,也是一种脂肪组织特异性分泌因子(ADSF)。抵抗素作为一种促炎性细胞因子,可有效抑制前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞分化并通过负反馈作用使OSAHS患者体内抵抗素含量增多,在OSAHS的发生、发展过程中发挥着重要作用。此外,OSAHS由于胰岛素抵抗等而导致胰岛素水平升高,糖脂代谢紊乱可进一步导致抵抗素水平升高。脂联素是脂肪细胞分泌的一种内源性具有多种生物活性的多肽,其是一种胰岛素增敏激素,能有效改善胰岛素抵抗,可通过特异性结合骨骼肌或肝脏细胞膜上的G蛋白耦联受体1型或2型脂联素受体而调节脂肪酸氧化和糖代谢;此外,脂联素还可促进骨骼肌细胞脂肪酸氧化和糖吸收,增强胰岛素对糖原异生的抑制作用,进而抑制肝糖原生成,是脂质代谢和血糖稳态调控机制中的重要调节因子[14-15]。
本研究结果显示,治疗后观察组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR、AHI及血清抵抗素水平低于对照组,HDL-C、LSaO2及血清脂联素水平高于对照组,表明普罗布考能有效改善OSAHS患者血脂代谢、糖代谢及氧合状态,降低血清抵抗素水平,提高血清脂联素水平。本研究结果还显示,AHI与OSAHS患者血清抵抗素水平呈正相关,与OSAHS患者血清脂联素水平呈负相关,提示抵抗素、脂联素水平可能与OSAHS有关。
综上所述,普罗布考能有效改善OSAHS患者血脂代谢、糖代谢及氧合状态;AHI与OSAHS患者血清抵抗素水平呈正相关,与OSAHS患者血清脂联素水平呈负相关。但本研究样本量较小且观察时间较短,结果结论仍有待扩大样本量并延长观察时间进一步证实。
作者贡献:张利进行试验设计与实施、资料收集整理、撰写论文、成文并对文章负责;董晓柳、张秀清、关菲进行试验实施、评估、资料收集;辛佳进行质量控制及审校;徐士军进行课题指导;李丽负责统计学处理。
本文无利益冲突。
[1]DE LUCA CANTO G,PACHCO-PEREIRA C,AYDINOZ S,et al.Biomarkers associated with obstructive sleep apnea and morbidities:a scoping review[J].Sleep Med,2015,16(3):347-357.DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.007.
[2]GUPTA M A,SIMPSON F C,LYONS D C.The effect of treating obstructive sleep apnea with positive airway pressure on depression and other subjective symptoms:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Sleep Med Rev,2016,28:55-68.DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.07.002.
[3]倪一虹,黄建安.血清抵抗素水平与OSAHS患者肥胖及胰岛素抵抗的关系[J].山东医药,2012,52(26):61-63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2012.26.025.
[4]左黎昀,齐彩霞,刘宏,等.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停合并血糖异常患者血清脂联素水平分析[J].中国全科医学,2016,19(8):912-915.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.08.010.
[5]中华医学会呼吸病学分会睡眠呼吸障碍学组.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治指南(2011年修订版)[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2012,35(1):9-12.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2012.01.007.
[6]LIN C C,LIAW S F,CHIU C H,et al.Effects of nasal CPAP on exhaled SIRT1 and tumor necrosis factor-αin patients with obstructive sleep apnea[J].Respir Physiol Neurobiol,2016,228:39-46.DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2016.03.001.
[7]FLEMING W E,FEROUZ-COLBORN A,SAMOSZUK M K,et al.Blood biomarkers of endocrine,immune,inflammatory,and metabolic systems in obstructive sleep apnea[J].Clin Biochem,2016,49(12):854-861.DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.005.
[8]JOOSTEN S A,O′DRISCOLL D M,BERGER P J,et al.Supine position related obstructive sleep apnea in adults:pathogenesis and treatment[J].Sleep Med Rev,2014,18(1):7-17.DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2013.01.005.
[9]FRANCO I,REIS R,FERREIRA D,et al.The impact of neck and abdominal fat accumulation on the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea[J].Rev Port Pneumol,2016,22(4):240-242.DOI:10.1016/j.rppnen.2016.01.007.
[10]KASAI T,MIYAUCHI K,KUBOTA N,et al.Probucol therapy improves long-term(>10-year)survival after complete revascularization:a propensity analysis[J].Atherosclerosis,2012,220(2):463-469.DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.051.
[11]COLLE D,HARTWIG J M,SOARES F A,et al.Probucol modulates oxidative stress and excitotoxicity in Huntington′s disease models in vitro[J].Brain Res Bull,2012,87(4/5):397-405.DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.003.
[12]王强,樊利萍,王蓓,等.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆抵抗素和脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关研究[J].中国综合临床,2009,25(10):1018-1020.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-6315.2009.10.003.
[13]周燕,唐灵,陈梅唏,等.老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血清脂联素、抵抗素的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2010,30(24):3621-3623.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2010.24.001.
[14]左黎昀,齐彩霞,刘宏,等.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停合并血糖异常患者血清脂联素水平分析[J].中国全科医学,2016,19(8):912-915.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.08.010.
[15]张同梅.脂联素与多种疾病的关系[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2015,23(5):4-7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2015.05.002.
(本文编辑:李伟)
Impact of Probucol on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
ZHANGLi1,DONGXiao-liu2,ZHANGXiu-qing2,GUANFei3,XINJia1,XUShi-jun2,LILi4
1.DepartmentofNeurosurgery,thePeople′sHospitalofTangshan,Tangshan063000,China2.DepartmentofNeurology,thePeople′sHospitalofTangshan,Tangshan063000,China3.DepartmentofEmergency,thePeople′sHospitalofTangshan,Tangshan063000,China4.ClinicalLaboratory,LinxiHospitalofKailuanGeneralHospital,Tangshan063000,China
Objective To investigate theimpact of probucol on patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods A total of 88 patient with OSAHS were selected in the People′s Hospital of Tangshan from December 2013 to December 2014,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,each of 44 cases.Patients of control group
atorvastatin calcium tablets,while patients of observation group received probucol;both groups continuously treated for 12 months.Blood lipids index(including TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C),FPG,FINS,HOMA-IR,AHI,LSaO2,serum levels of resistin and adiponectin were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,meanwhile Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations of AHI with other observation index.Results No statistically significant differences of TC,TG,LDL-C or HDL-C was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,TC,TG and LDL-C of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group,while HDL-C of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).After treatment,TC,TG and LDL-C of the two groups were statistically significantly lower than those before treatment,while HDL-C of the two groups was statistically significantly higher than that before treatment,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of FPG,FINS or HOMA-IR was found between the two groups before treatment,nor was FPG between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05),while FINS and HOMA-IR of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group after treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,FINS and HOMA-IR of the two groups were statistically significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of AHI or LSaO2was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,AHI of observation group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group,while LSaO2of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).After treatment,AHI of the two groups was statistically significantly lower than that before treatment,respectively,while LSaO2of the two groups was statistically significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of serum level of resistin or adiponectin was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,serum resistin level of observation group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group,while serum adiponectin level of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).After treatment,serum resistin level of the two group was statistically significantly lower than that before treatment,respectively,while serum adiponectin level of the two groups was statistically significantly higher than that before treatment,respectively(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,AHI was positively correlated with TC(r=0.536),TG(r=0.392),LDL-C(r=0.497),FINS(r=0.386),HOMA-IR(r=0.401)and serum resistin level(r=0.512)in patients with OSAHS(P<0.05),was negatively correlated with HDL-C(r=-0.415),LSaO2(r=-0.608)and serum adiponectin level(r=-0.473)in patients with OSAHS(P<0.05).Conclusion Probucol can effectively improve the blood lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism and oxygenation state of patients with OSAHS;AHI is positively correlated with serum resistin level in patients with OSAHS,is negatively correlated with serum adiponectin level in patients with OSAHS.
Sleep apnea,obstructive;Probucol;Resistin;Adiponectin
河北省医学科学研究重点课题(20171287)
R 563.8
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.04.010
2017-01-15;
2017-04-15)
1.063000河北省唐山市人民医院神经外科
2.063000河北省唐山市人民医院神经内科
3.063000河北省唐山市人民医院急诊科
4.063000河北省唐山市,开滦总医院林西医院检验科