朱庆均��
[摘要] 世界范围内,组织器官纤维化是许多疾病致残、致死的主要原因,目前尚没有能够阻止、逆转纤维化病变的药物,因此寻找和研发抗纤维化药物具有重大意义。组织器官纤维化病变是与细胞外基质过度沉积相关的非生理性瘢痕形成过程,可导致组织器官功能障碍,所有器官的纤维化病变具有相似的组织学异常改变。近年来,大量研究表明黄芩苷和黄芩素具有抑制多组织器官纤维化的作用,该文就黄芩苷和黄芩素在抗不同器官纤维化的作用和作用机制进行了综述。黄芩苷及其苷元黄芩素结构和药理作用相似,在体内存在广泛的生物转化作用,研究表明,黄芩苷和黄芩素能够通过抑制促纤维因子表达、抑制纤维化相信号通路、抗炎、抗氧化等多种机制抑制不同组织器官纤维化的发生和发展,是一种具有开发潜力的多组织器官抗纤维化药物。但目前关于黄芩苷和黄芩素抗纤维化研究也存在一些问题,作为非常有希望的潜在抗多器官组织纤维化药物,黄芩苷和黄芩素的抗纤维化研究有待于进一步加强。
[关键词] 黄芩苷; 黄芩素; 抗纤维化; 器官纤维化
Research advances on baicalin and baicalein as potential therapeutic agents for fibrotic disease
ZHU Qingjun
(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Ji′nan 250355, China)
[Abstract] Tissue and organ fibrosis is the major cause for disability and death related to a variety of diseases worldwide. As specific therapies to halt, or even to reverse the existing tissue fibrosis are not yet available, it is of great significance to find new antifibrosis therapeutic agents. Tissue and organ fibrosis is a nonphysiological scarring process, associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and leads to impairment of organ function. Fibrotic lesions of all organs show similar histological abnormalities. In recent years, plenty of studies showed that Baicalin and baicalein had antifibrosis effects in different tissues or organs. In this paper, the effects and mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein on different organ fibrosis were reviewed. Baicalin and its aglycone baicalein had similarity in structural and pharmacological characteristics, with broad biotransformation effect within the body. The research suggested that baicalin and baicalein can suppress different tissue and organ fibrosis occurrence and development via various mechanisms, including downregulating expression of promotefibrosis cytokines, inhibiting profibrogenic signaling pathways, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. Though baicalin and baicalein are promising antifibrosis agents, there is still a long way to go before being approved as specific antifibrotic drugs.
[Key words] baicalin; baicalein; antifibrosis; organ fibrosis
組织纤维化病变是与细胞外基质过度沉积相关的非生理性瘢痕形成过程,包括心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺、骨髓和皮肤等在内的多数组织脏器都可发生纤维化病变,可导致组织器官功能障碍,致死率很高[1]。纤维化病变的主要病理过程为组织损伤瘢痕修复导致组织结构破坏,引起器官或组织功能丧失。目前尚没有阻止甚或逆转组织纤维化的特异性治疗药物,因此寻找和研发抗纤维化药物具有重大意义。
黄芩苷及其苷元黄芩素是从唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根中提取的一类黄酮类化合物,是中药黄芩的主要有效成分[2],并存在于多种中草药中,两者结构和药理作用相似,在体内存在广泛的生物转化作用[36],均具有解热抗炎、抗致病微生物感染、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗缺血再灌注损伤以及免疫调节等多种药理作用[78]。近些年来,大量研究表明黄芩苷和黄芩素具有抗多种脏器纤维化作用,是非常值得深入研究和开发应用的抗纤维化中药单体成分。本文对黄芩苷和黄芩素抑制不同组织器官纤维化的研究进行了回顾和综述。