杨胜平
【关键词】 特殊反意疑问句;用法;说明
【中图分类号】 G633.41 【文献标识码】 C
【文章编号】 1004—0463(2017)03—0113—01
在英语中,反意疑问句(Question Tag)是附加在陈述句之后的一种问句形式。它是对所陈述的实事或观点提出疑问的简短问句,因而也叫附加问句。这种附加问句则是由“助动词或情态动词+主语”构成,附加问句与陈述句的主语相同;附加疑问句必须用简略形式,句末一般使用升调。如果陈述句的谓语动词是肯定式,则反意疑问句为否定式,反之亦然。但是,在使用过程中上述规则并不容易掌握。下面将不容易被掌握的、特殊的反意疑问句进行说明。
一、陈述句部分含有情态动词must,表示“一定” “想必”等推测意思时,附加疑问句中的动词与实际表达的时态相一致
1)You must be tired,arent you? (现在的情况推测)
2)It must have rained last night,didnt it? (过去的情况推测)
3)He must have been here for several years,hast he? (过去发生的事对现在造成的结果或影响)
但是,当must表示“必须”的意思时, 附加问句用must/mustnt 或neednt.
二、陈述句部分含有used to 时,附加疑问句用didnt
1)He used to live in China,usednt /didnt he ?
2)They used to swim in that river,usednt/didnt they?
但是,There be结构中含有used to时,附加问句要用wasnt或werent。
There used to be an old temple .wasnt there?
三、陈述句部分是表示“存在”的“there be”句型的反疑问句,其后的附加文句仍用引导词there
1)There will be a meeting next week,wont there ?
2)There is a cat under the table,isnt there?
但是,以表示“地点”的“there be”句型中,则根据主语的性、数选择相应的代词形式作附加问句的主语。
There comes the bus,doesnt it?
四、陈述句部分主语是不定代词everything,something,nothing,anything 等做主语时,附加问句中用it;陈述句部分主语everyone,someone ,anyone,nobody 等做主语语时,附加问句正式文体用he,非正式文体用they
1)Everything seems all right,doesnit?
2)Everyone is having a wonderful time,isnt he/arent they?
3)One should keep his words for over,shouldnt one?
五、陈述句部分含有否定词或半否定词little,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,nowhere,nothing,no,none,neither,陈述句如果是作否定的,附加问句要用肯定形式
1)Few students can work out this maths problem,can they?
2)Mr. White seldom smiles ,does he?
3)You could hardly see Mary in the library ,could you?
但是,当陈述句中含有否定的前缀un-,dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir- 构成派生词时,陈述句应看作肯定形式,附加问句用否定形式。
4)Mr. Black dislikes coffee,doesnt he ?
5)Those students seemed unable to catch what the teacher had said,didt they?
六、陈述句部分的主语是I,附加问句通常在现代英语中一般用arent I
1)I am your relative,arent I?
2)I am late,arent I?
七、陈述句部分含有表示“所有”含义的have时,附加问句既可用have形式,也可用do形式
1)You have two sisters,havent/dont you?
2)John hasnt a lot of money,has he?
但是,当have不表示“所有”含義时,应按一般行为动词对待,附加问句用do的适当形式。
1)We have to solve the problem in time,dont we?
2)He had a rest,didnt he?
八、陈述句部分含有need 或dare时,由于这两个词既可以做情态动词,又可以做实义动词,故应区别看待
1) Jane neednt go there with us,need she?
2)The man doesnt need to carry that heavy case,dose she?
3)You dare touch the dead snake,darent you?
十、陈述句部分是肯定的祈使句,附加问句用will you 或wont you,一般情况下,表示“命令”“请求”时, 多用will you, 表示“邀请”时, 多用wont you;陈述句部分是否定形式的祈使句时,仅能用will you
1)Be quick,will you/wont you?
2)Dont look out of the window,will you?
但是,以lets…或lets not..开头的祈使句的,则用法不同:lets...包括说话者本人,附加问句用shall we (而let us…不包括说话者本人。
3)Legs play basketball ,shall we?
4)Let us go to the zoo,will you?
5)Let us not swim now,ok/all right?
十一、陈述句部分是“ I wish…”时,附加问句用may I
1)I wish to go to the moon by spaceship one day,may I?
2)I wish you could have been with us then,may I?
十二、陈述句部分是并列句时,附加问句应与邻近分句(即最后一个分句)保持一致
1 )Mike likes swimming,but Lida likes skiing,doesnt she?
2)Mr Smith was a teacher,and he taught us Maths three year ago,didnt he?
编辑:赵玉梅