as引导的定语从句

尹继友

定语从句是高中英语学习的一个重点，as作为关系代词引导定语从句是其中的一个难点，笔者在此对as引导定语从句的情况作一归纳， 以供参考。

[as引导限制性定语从句]

主要结构有：the same ... as，as ... as，such ... as，so ... as等。即主句中出现the same，as，such，so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.

我们昨天要找的是同一个人。

Such girls as he knows are good at English.

他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。

Do you have such books as we like ？

你有我们喜欢那种书吗？

She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.

她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。

There is so warm a house as we want to live in.

这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。

He has so difficult a problem as none of us can solve.

他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能够解决。

As we have seen， oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

[引导非限制性定语从句]

1. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。

As everyone knows， China is a beautiful country with a long history.

每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。

The earth， as we know， moves round the sun.

地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。

Tom works hard and is willing to help others， as we all know.

汤姆工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。

2. 非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语。如：as be said/known/announced/discussed/mentioned/expected/reported。

Grammar， as has been said before， is not a set of dead rules.

语法，就像以前所说，不是一套死规则。

In their lessons at school， boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness， courage， discipline and love of ones country， but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a childs character as what is learned through experience.

在学校的课程里，孩子们可以学到诸如慷慨、勇气、纪律和爱国这些品质，但书本上学来的不可能有亲身经历一样深的影响。

He is doing the same work as I am.

他干着和我一样的工作。

Such a film as you described should not be shown at all.

你跟我描述的这部电影根本就不该上映。

3. as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义。

as has been said above 如上所说

as anybody can see 正像任何一个人所看到的那样

as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样

Things are not always as they appear.

事情并不一直像它们表面那样。

The boy has as much progress as we had expected.

这个男孩取得了我们期待的进步。

[as区别于which的特殊用法]

1. 如果要说明两者有相似之处时通常用as，表达“正如（……情形或事实所表示）的那樣，像……的一样”的意思。例如：

She is a fine singer，as her mother used to be.

她是一个很出色的歌唱家，和她母亲当年一样。

She is the same age as you （are）.

她和你年龄一样大。

I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.

我希望得到一本和你正在用的一样的词典。

As water is to fish， so air is to man.

正如水对鱼，空气对于人同样重要。

She has married again， as was/seemed natural.

她又结婚了，这很自然。

2. as常与从句中的know，see，hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中。

As you know， he is from Beijing.

正如你所知道的，他来自北京。

As is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.

He was absent， as is often the case.

他没有上学，这是常事。

As you will find out， all is now settled.

你将会发现一切都搞定了。

3. as在引导非限制性定语从句时位置比较灵活，既可位于所修饰的句子之后，也可位于句中或句首；而由which引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。例如：

As you will find out， I will never let you down.

你将会发现，我绝不会使你失望的。

4. as所引导的从句所表达的语意须和主句一致，而which则无此限制。例如：

She has married again， which was unexpected.

她又结婚了，真不可思议。（此处不可用as）

[练习]

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science.

A. much as an art as B. as much an art as

C. an art as much as D. as much as an art

2. ______ I admire David as a poet， I dont like him as a man.

A. Only if B. If only

C. As much D. Much as

3. ______， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be

B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Quiet as he may be a student

D. As he may be a quiet student

4. I wonder why you dont do it as ______ and its the third time you have done so.

A. told you B. be told

C. told to D. you told

5. ______ I explain on the phone， your request will be considered at the next meeting.

______ I explain on the phone is that your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. What B. When

C. After D. As

6. That is ______ problem ______ cant be worked out by any of us .

That is ______ problem ______ none of us can work it out.

A. a such difficult； that B. so difficult a； that

C. such a difficult； as D. a so difficult； as

[參考答案]

1～4 BDBC 5. DA 6. CB