黄艳丽++李维峰++宋启示
摘 要 采用柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,利用薄层色谱法及波谱方法分别鉴定药用植物美丽蛇根草Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook全草甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分化合物结构,研究美丽蛇根草的生物碱成分。结果表明:从美丽蛇根草中共得到4个吲哚生物碱化合物,分别鉴定为Harman(1)、Strictosidinic acid(2)、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside(3)、Lyalosidic acid(4);化合物2~4为首次从该种植物中分离得到。
关键词 美丽蛇根草 ;蛇根草属 ;生物碱 ;化学成分
中图分类号 R284.1 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.02.017
The Analysis of bioprotective alkaloid constituents of
n-Butyl alcohol extract of Ophiorrhiza rosea
HUANG Yanli1,2) LI Weifeng1) SONG Qishi2)
(1 College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er 665000, China;
2 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China)
Abstract Whole plants of Ophiorrhiza rosea were extracted with methanol and fractionated with n-Butyl alcohol to assay their bioprotective alkaloids. The n-Butyl alcohol portion was separated and purified by column chromatography, and its compound structures were identified by using the thin layer chromatography and spectrometry, respectively. Four indole alkaloids were isolated from O. rosea and were characterized as Harman, strictosidinic acid, 5-carbomethoxylyaloside, and lyalosidic acid The compounds, strictosidinic acid and lyalosidic acid, are first reported to be isolated from O. rosea.
Keywords Ophiorrhiza rosea ; Ophiorrhiza ; alkaloid ; chemical constitunents
美丽蛇根草(Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook),茜草科蛇根草属(Ophiorrhiza)植物,产于云南贡山、福贡、蒙自、屏边、马关和西藏墨脱等地;生于海拔1 300~2 100 m處的阔叶林下[1]。蛇根草属植物富含生物碱类成分,特别是一些吲哚生物碱,具有抗肿瘤活性[1-5]。目前国内外对于该属植物研究报道不多,其开发前景广阔。2009年,笔者从美丽蛇根草中分离鉴定到11个化合物[6],但其中只发现了Harman一个生物碱化合物。
为促进美丽蛇根草的开发利用,有针对地研究其具有较强生物活性的生物碱成分,本次实验针对其全草的甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取浸膏进行分离纯化,从中得到4个吲哚类生物碱成分,分别鉴定为Harman(1)、Strictosidinic acid(2)、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside(3和Lyalosidic acid(4)。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 植物材料
实验样品采自云南省贡山县山区水沟旁,经中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园宋启示研究员鉴定,确为美丽蛇根草(Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook)。
1.1.2 仪器
硅胶(80~100目,200~300目),薄层硅胶板(50 mm×100 mm),层析用中性氧化铝,均为青岛海洋化工厂生产;大孔树脂DM-130,山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司生产;MCI凝胶,三菱化学株式公社生产。核磁共振仪Bruker AM-400, DRX-500(内标TMS)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 醇提取
美丽蛇根草全草晾干磨粉,得粗粉20 kg。90%甲醇浸渍冷提,浸提液减压蒸干后加水制成悬浮液,依次用石油醚、氯仿、正丁醇萃取,得到4份不同极性的浸膏。取正丁醇浸膏167 g,加水和少量甲醇溶解,大孔树脂柱层析,以甲醇-水溶剂系统梯度洗脱,分别收集洗脱液。合并甲醇-水4∶1洗脱液,硅胶柱层析纯化,以氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统梯度洗脱。
1.2.2 化合物分离
合并氯仿-甲醇20∶1洗脱液,以氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统等剃度洗脱,经中性氧化铝柱层析纯化,得化合物1(80 mg);合并氯仿∶甲醇 5∶1洗脱液,以氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统剃度洗脱后,纯甲醇洗脱液经凝胶MCI柱层析纯化,以甲醇-水溶剂系统等剃度洗脱,得化合物2(64 mg);合并氯仿-甲醇 3∶1洗脱液,以氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统剃度洗脱后,收集纯甲醇洗脱液经凝胶MCI柱层析纯化,以甲醇-水溶剂系统梯度洗脱,1∶10洗脱液中分离得到化合物3(1.7 g),1∶7洗脱液中分离得到化合物4(1.2 g)。
2 结果与分析
化合物1:无色针晶(氯仿)。与Harman标准品在多种溶剂体系作TLC对照,Rf值相同,故确定为Harman,分子式为C12H10N2。
化合物2:淡黄色无定型粉末(吡啶)。13C-NMR (500 MHz,C5H5N): 135.6 s (C-2),50.7 d (C-3),41.8 t (C-5),21.5 t (C-6),107.6 s (C-7),127.9 s (C-8),121.7 d (C-9),119.4 d (C-10),123.8 d (C-11),118.5 d (C-12),137.3 s (C-13),36.8 t (C-14),32.9 d (C-15),113.1 s (C-16),152.6 d (C-17),118.0 t (C-18),136.1 d (C-19),45.2 d (C-20),95.6 d (C-21),171.9 s (16-COOH), 100.6 d (C-1'),74.8 d (C-2'),79.1 d (C-3'),71.5 d (C-4'),78.4 d (C-5'),62.8 t (C-6')。13C-NMR数据与文献报道的Strictosidinic acid波谱数据一致[7],故鉴定化合物2为Strictosidinic acid,确定分子式为C26H32N2O9。
化合物3:淡黄色无定型粉末(二甲基亚砜)。13C-NMR (500 MHz,DMSO):142.3 s (C-2),146.0 s (C-3),141.0 s (C-5),113.7 d (C-6),127.6 s (C-7),121.8 s (C-8),121.8 d (C-9),119.4 d (C-10),127.9 d (C-11),112.1 d (C-12),135.1 s (C-13),39.1 t (C-14),33.0 d (C-15),109.8 s (C-16),152.4 d (C-17),118.5 t (C-18),134.3 d (C-19),43.6 d (C-20),96.1 d (C-21), 167.3 s、48.8 q (16-COOCH3),170.3 s、51.2 q (5-COOCH3), 99.2 d (C-1'),73.1 d (C-2'),77.6 d (C-3'),70.2 d (C-4'),76.8 d (C-5'),61.4 t (C-6')。13C-NMR数据与文献报道的5-Carbomethoxylyaloside波谱数据一致[8],故鉴定化合物3为5-Carbomethoxylyaloside,确定分子式为C29H32N2O11。
化合物4:淡黄色无定型粉末(二甲基亚砜)。13C-NMR (500 MHz,DMSO): 140.3 s (C-2),144.1 s (C-3),137.3 d (C-5),112.7 d (C-6),126.9 s (C-7),121.1 s (C-8),121.7 d (C-9),119.2 d (C-10),127.9 d (C-11),112.0 d (C-12),134.6 s (C-13),39.1 t(C-14),33.1 d (C-15),110.5 s (C-16),151.5 d (C-17),118.7 t (C-18),134.3 d (C-19),43.1 d (C-20),95.8 d (C-21),168.2 s (16-COOCH3),98.7 d (C-1'),73.1 d (C-2'),77.4 d (C-3'),70.1 d (C-4'),76.9 d (C-5'),61.1 t (C-6')。13C-NMR数据与文献报道的Lyalosidic acid波谱数据一致[9],故鉴定化合物3为Lyalosidic acid,确定分子式为C26H28N2O9。
3 结论
本次实验从云南省贡山县采集到的美丽蛇根草正丁醇萃取部分中,分离得到4个生物碱类化合物,其中Strictosidinic acid、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside、Lyalosidic acid为首次从该种植物中提取得到。这4种生物碱成分均属于吲哚类系列生物碱,具有较强的抗肿瘤生物活性,可为美丽蛇根草的开发提供参考。
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① 收稿日期:2016-10-26;責任编辑/凌青根;编辑部E-mail: rdnk@163.com。
② 黄艳丽(1981~),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向为植物化学,E-mail: 17376711@qq.com。
③ 通讯作者:宋启示,研究员,研究方向为民族药学,E-mail: songqs@xtbg.ac.cn。