秋水山庄和新排话剧《秋水山庄》

张玫

2017年1月13日、14日，浙江话剧团将史量才和沈秋水的故事搬上了话剧舞台，并起名“秋水山庄”。话剧《秋水山庄》在浙话艺术剧院上演，揭开了“隆重纪念中国话剧诞辰110周年——以人民为中心的中国话剧辉煌永远”优秀剧目展演杭州分会场的序幕。演出圆满成功，获得了观众无数的掌声与好评，并引发人们对历史上地处西子湖畔的秋水山庄的绵长追思。

秋水山庄伊人情

西湖的葛岭山麓、北山街上有不少名人别墅，秋水山庄就是其中的一幢。它背倚葛岭，濒湖而筑，是幢充满传奇、故事传扬的雅致小楼。

1912年风诡云谲的上海滩，发生了一件轰动全国的事——刚过而立之年的史量才，以12万银元巨资，购买了《申报》。这份当时上海发行时间最长、影响最大的报纸，让他成为上海滩最年轻的董事长之一。史量才不仅因报业巨子而闻名，他与沈秋水的爱情故事也为人津津乐道。而杭州西湖边史量才为沈秋水购置的秋水山庄，亦成为风雅西湖的一道靓丽风景。

“谈《申报》必谈史量才，谈史量才必谈沈秋水。”沈秋水，原名慧芝，是晚清时上海滩一个颇有内蕴的艺妓。她秀丽明艳，又聪慧灵敏。史量才的才情深深地吸引了慧芝。因她个人情事的变故，她将所携巨款托史量才保管，而史量才早对慧芝生有爱意，也是落花有主，于是慧芝便成了史量才的爱妾，改名为秋水。沈秋水的巨资也为史量才盘进《申报》创造了条件。

史量才亲笔为这幢别墅题写门匾“秋水山庄”，“秋水”二字取自《诗经》“所谓伊人，在水一方”的“秋水伊人”之意。秋水山庄楼后有仿《红楼梦》怡红院格局而建成的私家花园。园内楼台亭阁，花木扶疏，庭园、溪流、假山、长廊，迂回曲折，可以坐石听泉、凭栏看花，凸显诗情画意；四根青石方柱贯通天地，与白色栏杆相配，线条纤细、柔和。二楼朱红色花格窗沿用了传统的样式，简洁、协调，可称得上是掩映在绿荫碧水间的一幢风情别致的小別墅。站在山庄二楼阳台上，远可眺白堤桃柳、湖光山色，近可观葛岭霞晖、孤山放鹤亭，是一处绝佳的居所。

史量才偕沈秋水经常来杭州秋水山庄小住，在这里操琴、赋诗，放松心情，静静地休憩。1932年“一·二八”后，秋高气爽的一天，史量才在山庄凭欄远眺湖山，情景满怀，吟出《秋水山庄》一诗：“晴光旷渺绝尘埃，丽日封窗晓梦回。禽语泉声通性命，湖光岚翠绕楼台。山中岁月无今古，世外风烟空往来。案上横琴温旧课，卷帘人对牡丹开。”

成为《申报》报主后，史量才对报纸进行多项改革。1912年他接手时《申报》发行量仅7000余份，到了1926年上升至14万余份。史量才还兴建了《申报》新馆，买下了《新闻报》的股权。他又专为杭州的读者办了《杭州副刊》，专报速送。史量才并创办了一系列社会文化产业，《申报》成为当时中国最有影响的现代报纸之一。他主持的《申报》大力宣传抗日，反对国民党当局的不抵抗政策和专制统治。特别是1932年5月后，《申报》的锋芒指向国民党当局的“剿共”政策，使国民党当局如坐针毡，恨之入骨。

1934年11月1 3日午后，一辆私家轿车从秋水山庄缓缓驶出，车上坐的正是史量才一家。谁知车行至海宁翁家埠时，忽遭国民党军统特务狙击暗杀。史量才猝不及防，饮弹身亡，年仅56岁。

史量才遇难，沈秋水悲痛欲绝，万念俱灰。在安葬史量才之前的家祭上，她素衣素服，怀抱一架和史量才共同弹奏过乐曲的七弦琴，在灵柩前弹了最后一曲：“望穿为水，不见伊人的倩影；更残漏尽，孤雁二三声……”曲尽弦断，她徐徐将琴投入火缸。

1935年5月史公灵柩从上海运往杭州秋水山庄。沈秋水根据史量才与西湖诸多英杰地下结邻的遗愿，将灵柩厚葬在西湖吉庆山麓。这里风景幽美，史量才魂归西湖。在他的墓碑上，章太炎题写了《墓志铭》。沈秋水将秋水山庄这座“送给你作永久的纪念”——丈夫的信物捐赠于社会慈善机构。后来秋水山庄又成为西湖新新饭店的一部分。

话剧《秋水山庄》再现历史的真实故事

《秋水山庄》是浙江话剧团出品的“民国三部曲”系列的压轴之作，也是2017浙话新春话剧节的新戏。近年来，浙话一直以弘扬浙江文化为己任，创作了像《再见徽因》《怜香伴》等极具文化底蕴，票房、口碑俱佳的话剧。《秋水山庄》由著名剧作家龚应恬编剧、话剧导演李伯男执导，主演清一色由“浙话”演员担纲。剧中除讲述史量才、沈秋水这段传奇的爱情故事外，还展现了大时代的波澜起伏和风云激荡。

在导演李伯男的心中，史量才与沈秋水的爱情，唯美又有历史厚度。为此，他专门请来了当代著名剧作家、电影导演龚应恬作为该剧的编剧。龚应恬写过很多部著名的话剧本子，比如被评为中国话剧最高奖“金狮奖”的《与妻书》、“中国戏剧文化奖”大型剧本金奖的话剧《盛和居》。当然他最为观众熟知的作品是电影《疯狂的石头》。可是面对《秋水山庄》这样一个民国文人题材，龚应恬收回了自己全部的黑色幽默，内容写得很端正。

话剧演出伊始，沈秋水一身素净的月白色衫子，背一把古琴，却把10万两银票的包裹，托付给第一次见面的史量才保管，然后带出一段姻缘。

沈秋水的身世是如此凄凉，5岁时被卖进花楼，之后又被一老迈的皇室贝勒赎身到北京做妾，贝勒病逝后，携巨金回到上海。可是像她这样无依无靠的女子，在那个动荡时代宛若一叶扁舟，只能随波逐流。尽管不少男人都爱她，都想得到这个在深夜会情不自禁暗自垂泪的女子，可沈秋水是高傲的。她读书看报，有自己的主见，最终嫁给有抱负的新闻巨子史量才作二太太，又资助他收购了《申报》。一切都似乎很完美，但沈秋水还是忧郁。

于是，要解开沈秋水的心结，成为话剧《秋水山庄》最为勾人的一幕。探究这个女人的内心，原来她的抑郁来自她的深情。她不确定史量才娶她，是因为爱她还是因为她的钱财。更为要命的是，她父亲当年也是一位被暗杀的正直报人，于是她把父亲的遗志转嫁到了史量才身上。编剧龚应恬的高明之处在于大刀阔斧地砍去了那些传奇，而只保留了沈秋水的深情。舞台上每一个人的性格都是如此真实，徐志摩尖刻的追问、郁达夫的打圆场，还有陆小曼和王映霞婀娜的倩影，这些才子佳人的魂魄，斑斑驳驳，摇曳在舞台的光影中。直到后来，史量才在离婚之际，终于解除了沈秋水的心病。“暗杀”那场戏，导演李伯男处理得沉静又真切，让人感慨万千：沈秋水冒死要替他做挡箭牌，史量才为了她又身处险境最后中枪饮弹。

一個是有抱负的新闻巨子史量才，一个是多才多艺的女子沈秋水，关于他们的结合，民间轶事本就很多。不过关于《秋水山庄》的创作，龚应恬表示：“传说是很多，但多不可信。”他更关心的是在历史大背景下，他们的人格，关心真实结果里逻辑的追问，并试图触碰他们传奇背后作为普通人的真实灵魂，“史量才和沈秋水的真实结局就足够让我们难过的了。细心去感受，我们都能与那段历史沟通和交流。时代变了，物和人还是很相似。”

在首演大获成功的那个晚上，编剧龚应恬上台谢幕。他说，史量才有一句话一直让自己印象深刻，那就是“人有人格，报有报格，国有国格”。“我景仰他们，我爱他们。在创作的过程里，我很难过，落泪。我能做的只是尽可能地再现他们的家国情怀。我们对这样具有思想意义的话题的探讨也仅仅是开始。”

首演结束后，观众的好评不断。很多观众反映，“这是一部历史与当下交融、爱国与爱情贯通的民国大剧，既有历史深度，又表达了时代关怀”。秋水山庄现在的管理方——新新饭店的总经理叶华明看完戏后非常欣喜地说道：“浙江话剧团排演话剧《秋水山庄》，这是一次历史文化和戏剧艺术的很好结合，对于宣传杭州的文物建筑、人文历史具有非常重要的意义。”

Drama Memorializes Romance

By Zhang Mei

Zhejiang Drama Troupe performed for two nights in January 2017 in Hangzhou. The play reproduced the romance and the tragedy of Shi Liangcai and Shen Qiushui. The performance raised the curtains for a series of performances in Hangzhou in honor of the 110th anniversary of drama in China. The project aims to glorify the tradition of the Chinese drama that has always taken the people as its major characters since its birth.

The play by Zhejiang Drama Troupe is based on a real story between Shi Liangcai and Shen Qiushui. The resort， an affair of architectural elegance and romantic poetry， still stands in the shade of towering phoenix trees by a lakeside avenue on the northern shore of the West Lake in Hangzhou.

Shi Liangcai caused a sensation in 1912， one year after the downfall of the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）， in Shanghai when he spent 120，000 silver dollars and acquired Shun Pao， a newspaper which was founded in 1872 in Shanghai and ended its business in May 1949. Back then， he was in his early 30s. The acquisition made him one of the youngest newspaper tycoons in Shanghai.

It was Shi who made the newspaper a national medium. When he took over the newspaper， its daily issue amounted to just over 7，000. Under his watch， its daily circulation rose to over 140，000. He built a new office building for the newspaper and bought shares of Daily News， another newspaper published in Shanghai. He also printed a special edition for readers in Hangzhou. It was delivered to readers in Hangzhou. Shun Pao was one of the countrys most influential newspapers. It spanned the last decades of the Qing Dynasty， the years when the warlords ruled in Beijing and the Republic decades in the hands of Chiang Kai-shek. When Japan started invading China in 1931， Shi Liangcai called for national resistance in the newspaper. In May 1932， the newspaper blasted the Kuomintangs crackdown on the Communist Party. His opposition to the governments policy antagonized him.

He was assassinated on the afternoon of November 13， 1934. The 56-year-old newspaper publisher was riding a private car from Hangzhou to Shanghai when he was ambushed by a group of special agents of the government. He was hunted down and killed.

Shen Qiushui was a geisha in Shanghai in the last years of the Qing. Shen was attracted by Shi Liangcai for his business acumen. In trouble， she entrusted Shi with a huge amount of money. The two came together. The money Shen had put in the custody of Shi later became part of the cash Shi paid for the newspaper he acquired.

In 1932， Shi Liangcai built the resort on the West Lake and named it after Shen. It is said that the resort was built on the prototype of Happy Red Court in ， a classical novel of the Qing Dynasty. The garden looked wonderful. It was a getaway for the couple living in Shanghai.

After the assassination， Shen Qiushui buried Shi by the West Lake in Hangzhou in May 1935. Shen later donated the lakeside property to a charity organization in Hangzhou. It was later part of Xinxin Hotel. It is still part of the hotel today.

The new drama by Zhejiang Drama Troupe is the last play of the trio set in the background of the Republic years and produced by the troupe. The play was also a new production for the drama festival of the troupe. Over years， the troupe has produced some good plays that are critically acclaimed and profitable.

It is worth mentioning that the play was penned by Gong Yingtian， a heavyweight playwright whose works have won top national awards. His best known script is ， a blockbuster black comedy film in 2006.