考点全掌握

樊萍

it是最常见的代词之一，用法很广泛，考查的it的题型也有很多种。阅读理解、完形填空都有可能有it的一席之地。我们来看看在高考是怎么对it进行考查的。

1. it作为替代词

高考考查它的替代功能，比如指天气、时间等，也可以指代前面提到过的具体时间或上文提到的同一个事物。

例1 The river was so polluted that ______ actually caught fire and burned.

解析 it。这条河被污染得如此严重以至于都能起火燃烧起来。根据句子的结构我们可知从句中缺少主语，通读全句，我们可以判断设空指代上文中提到的the river，为避免重复用it指代。

2. it作为形式主语和形式宾语

例2 ______ is difficult to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.

解析 it。很难理解她为什么一在外面就叫。本句真正的主语是动词不定式，所以用it作形式主语，把真正主语放于句尾。

例3 Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

解析 it。她清楚地跟我表明她希望过上新的生活。本句真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以it作形式宾语。

3. 放在“喜欢”“恨”等带有情感倾向的动词后面

例4 Id appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

解析 it。如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来的话，我将感激不尽。Id appreciate it if ...是固定句型，意为“如果……我将感激不尽”。

4. 用于强调句

例5 Was ______ because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry？

解析 it。史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？这里的it就是强调句中的it。

看过这些例题后，我们可以归纳出高考中常见的it句型。

It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜……

It is no wonder that ... 难怪……

It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来……

It looks/seems as if though ... 看起来好像……

It happened that ... 碰巧……

It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……

It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道……

It is no use /good dong ... 做……没有用/好处

It takes sb. some time to do ... 做……花费某人多长时间

It is certain that ... ……是一定的

See to it that ... 确保……

Count on/rely on/depend on it that ... 相信……

as someone puts it 像某人说的那样

When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到…

I cant help it ... 我没办法/情不自禁

I take it that ... 我理解的是……

Its （high） time that sb. should do/did sth.

是某人该做某事的到时候了

Its the first/second ... time that sb.have/has done sth.

这是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事了。

It is/has been ... since ... 自从……已经过了……时间了

It will be/was ... before ... 要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间

最后我们看看含有it的高考题。

1. 阅读理解

例6 （2015·福建卷） Papa， as a son of a dirt-poor farmer， left school early and went to work in a factory， for education was for the rich then. So， the world became his school. With great interest， he read everything he could lay his hands on， listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “Theres so much to learn，” hed say. “Though were born stupid， only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied （拒絕） an education.

Thus， Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though， as children， we thought this was crazy， it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day； no matter how insignificant， it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment， always to the point.

61. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to______.

A. one new thing B. a request

C. the news D. some comment

解析 C。這是一道分析推断题。这里的it指代的是news，也就是前面的主语。根据该词所在的语境可以知道“我们”会谈论一天的新闻——不论它是多么的微不足道，都不是可以等闲视之的。故选C。

2. 语法填空

例7 Last year， my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went， we had planned for months. When the day came， we were ready.

解析 it。考查代词。一些曾经去过迈阿密的朋友说那里是一个非常棒的度假胜地。设空处指代上文提到的Miami，故填it。

3. 改错题

例8 （2015·浙江卷） My old classroom was interesting because three side（sides） of the classroom were made from（of） glass. I enjoyed sit（sitting） close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class， I could easy（easily） see the football field. In the mornings， it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is（was） also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.

解析 them→it。代词误用。此处指代前面提到的park，用单数。

it的最基本的指代功能是常见的考点，当然it作形式主语或形式宾语，以及在强调句中的考查也渗透到了各个题型当中。我建议大家在做题的过程当中可以将含有it的考题进行归纳和总结，这样在实际的训练和考试中会大大提高正确率。