叶 宇,梁克利
(1. 大连医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁 大连 116600;2. 深圳健安医药有限公司,深圳 518027 )
紫苏的化学成分研究
叶 宇1,梁克利2
(1. 大连医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁 大连 116600;2. 深圳健安医药有限公司,深圳 518027 )
对紫苏的化学成分进行研究.采用75%乙醇提取紫苏,提取物通过大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱进行分离,进一步应用半制备高效液相色谱进行纯化,应用核磁共振技术并参照相关文献对得到化学成分进行结构确定.共分离得到了5个化合物,分别为5-methoxyisolariciresinol、syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside、lyoniresinol、patrinalloside、patrinoside-aglucone.所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.
紫苏;化学成分;结构鉴定
紫苏Perillafrutescens(L.) Britt 系唇形科紫苏属一年生草本植物.作为多用途的经济植物,在我国已有2 000多年的栽培历史.历代本草专著也均有对紫苏的收录.其性温、味辛, 以叶、梗、果实三部分分别入药.紫苏叶在抗菌和抗病毒、止血、镇静和镇痛、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等方面都有积极的作用[1].
现代药学研究结果表明紫苏含有挥发油类, 黄酮类, 酚酸类等成分, 具有抗炎, 抗过敏, 止血, 降血脂等多种药理活性[2].近年来紫苏属植物的研究与利用已成为世界性的热点课题,本文通过采用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、ODS 柱色谱和制备 HPLC 等手段对紫苏干燥全草的75%乙醇提取物进行系统分离,从中分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为5-methoxyisolariciresinol (1)、syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside (2)、lyoniresinol (3)、patrinalloside (4)、patrinoside-aglucone (5).其中化合物1~5均为为首次从该植物中分离得到.
核磁共振波谱仪 (Bruker公司,TMS 内标);Agilent 1100 半制备型高效液相色谱仪 (Agilent公司);YMC C-18 制备色谱柱 (10×150 mm,5 μm,YMC 公司);
薄层色谱硅胶H(300~400目)及柱色谱硅胶(100~200目,200~300目)均购于中国青岛海洋化工厂;甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷等试剂均购于天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司,D101型大孔吸附树脂购于波鸿树脂科技有限公司;40~70 μm ODS柱色谱填料购于YMC公司.紫苏药材购于大连开发区药房,经大连医科大学附属第一医院冷爱晶主任药师鉴定为紫苏属植物紫苏Perillafrutescens(L.) Britt的干燥全草.
紫苏全草药材20 kg,粉碎后以75%乙醇浸泡30 min后回流提取3次,每次1.5 h,合并提取液并减压浓缩至无醇味,得到浸膏约1.3 kg.浸膏以适量蒸馏水溶解后应用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱对其进行梯度分离,依次采用纯水10%、30%、50%、95%的乙醇-水溶液(V/V)梯度洗脱.50%乙醇-水洗脱部分进行正相硅胶柱色谱分离,采用不同体积CHCl3~MeOH为洗脱溶剂,体积比从100∶1~1∶1进行梯度洗脱,应用薄层色谱技术进行合并共得到8个流分.其中流分2,3进一步经过反复ODS柱色谱进行分离,最后采用半制备型HPLC进行纯化,共得到5个化合物,其质量分别为化合物1(12 mg),2(10 mg),3(14 mg),4(15 mg),5(18 mg).
化合物1:淡黄色油状物.1H-NMR (600 MH, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.60 (1H, brs, H-2), 6.35 (2H, brs, H-2',6'), 6.12 (1H, brs, H-5), 4.58 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-7'), 3.74 (2H, m, H-9), 3.70 (3H, s, H-3-OCH3), 3.68 (6H, s, H-3',-5'-OCH3), 3.16 (2H, m, H-9'), 2.68 (2H, m, H-7), 2.14 (1H, m, H-8'), 1.62 (1H, t, J = 8.2 Hz, H-8);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 132.3 (C-1), 111.6 (C-2), 145.3 (C-3), 144.0 (C-4), 115.9 (C-5), 126.9 (C-6), 32.0 (C-7), 37.9 (C-8), 63.4 (C-9), 135.8 (C-1'), 106.4 (C-2'), 147.5 (C-3', -5'), 133.5 (C-4'), 106.4 (C-6'), 48.5 (C-7'), 46.2 (C-8'), 59.5 (C-9'), 55.3 (C-3-OCH3), 55.8 (C-3'-OCH3, -5'-OCH3).该化合物数据与文献报道[3]的数据基本一致,故确定化合物为5-methoxyisolariciresinol.
化合物 2:白色无定形粉末.1H-NMR (600 MH, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.62 (2H, brs, H-2', -6'), 6.56 (2H, brs, H-2'', -6''), 4.85 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-1'''), 4.63 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz, H-2), 4.58 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz, H-6), 4.16 (1H, m, H-4a), 4.14 (1H, m, H-8a), 3.76 (1H, m, H-4b), 3.75 (1H, m, H-8b), 3.73 (6H, s, H-3''-OCH3, 5'-OCH3), 3.72 (6H, s, H-3''-OCH3, 5''-OCH3), 3.54 (1H, m, H-6'''a), 3.17 (1H, m, H-3'''), 3.38 (1H, m, H-6'''b), 3.16 (1H, m, H-2'''), 3.13 (1H, m, H-4'''), 3.05 (1H, m, H-1), 3.02 (1H, m, H-5), 3.00 (1H, m, H-5''');13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 53.3 (C-1), 84.6 (C-2), 70.9 (C-4), 53.2 (C-5), 85.0 (C-6), 71.0 (C-8), 136.9 (C-1'), 103.9 (C-2'), 152.4 (C-3'), 133.3 (C-4'), 152.4 (C-5'), 103.9 (C-6'), 56.2 (C-3', 5'-OCH3), 131.3 (C-1''), 103.3 (C-2'', -6''), 148.6 (C-3''), 134.7 (C-4''), 148.6 (C-5''), 55.7 (C-3'', 5''-OCH3), 102.4 (C-1'''), 73.9 (C-2'''), 76.1 (C-3'''), 69.6 (C-4'''), 76.8 (C-5'''), 60.5 (C-6''').以上数据与文献报道[4]基本一致,因此鉴定化合物2为syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside.
化合物 3:黄色油状物.1H-NMR (600 MH, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.52 (1H, brs, H-2), 6.26 (2H, brs, H-2', -6'), 4.21 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz, H-7'), 3.73 (6H, s, H-3, -5-OCH3), 3.61 (6H,s, H-3', -5'-OCH3), 3.44 (1H, m, H-9), 3.42 (1H, m, H-9'), 2.60 (2H, m, H-7), 1.81 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz, H-8), 1.71 (1H, m, H-8');13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 128.4 (C-1), 106.5 (C-2), 146.7 (C-3), 137.5 (C-4), 146.7 (C-5), 124.8 (C-6), 32.0 (C-7), 40.3 (C-8), 64.4 (C-9), 55.5 (C-3, -5-OCH3), 137.0 (C-1'), 105.8 (C-2'), 147.3 (C-3'), 133.1 (C-4'), 147.1 (C-5'), 105.7 (C-6'), 40.2 (C-7'), 46.2 (C-8'), 62.1 (C-9'), 55.8 (C-3', -5'-OCH3).该化合物数据与文献报道[5]的数据基本一致,故确定化合物为lyoniresinol.
化合物 4:无色油状物.1H-NMR (600MHz in DMSO-d6):6.31(1H, bra, H-3), 5.90(1H, d, J= 5.5 Hz, H-1), 4.09(1H, d, J= 7.9 Hz, H-1'), 4.08(1H, m, H-7), 4.07(1H, m, H-10c), 3.91(1H, m, H-11), 3.65(1H, m, H-10a), 3.63(1H, m, H-5'b), 3.41(1H, m, h-6'), 3.40(1H, m, H-10b), 3.09(1H, m, H-3'), 3.03(1H, m, H-5'a), 3.01(1H, m, H-4'), 2.93(1H, m, H-2'), 2.78(1H, m, H-5), 2.20(2H, d, J= 7.1 Hz, H-13), 2.03(1H, m, H-9), 1.95(1H, m, H-14), 1.83(1H, m, H-6a), 1.73(1H, m, H-8), 1.68(1H, m, H-6b), 0.88(3H, s, H-15), 0.88(3H, s, H-16);13C-NMR (125 MHz in DMSO-d6): 171.2(C-12), 137.4(C-3), 114.7(C-4), 101.7(C-1'), 91.5(C-1), 76.7(C-3'), 76.6(C-5'a), 73.3(C-2'), 70.6(C-7), 70.0(C-4'), 67.2(C-11), 60.9(C-10), 60.4(C-5'b), 47.5(C-8), 42.4(C-13), 41.5(C-9), 39.0(C-6), 31.6(C-5), 25.6(C-14), 22.0(C-15), 22.0(C-16). 该化合物数据与文献报道一致[6],经鉴定为patrinalloside
化合物 5:1H-NMR (600MHz in DMSO-d6):6.22(1H, brs, H-3), 5.85(1H, d, J= 4.8 Hz, H-1), 4.08(1H, d, J= 3.0 Hz, H-7), 3.83(1H, d, J= 12.6 Hz, 3.73(1H, d, J= 12.6 Hz, H-11b), 3.62(1H, dd, J= 10.5,7.2Hz, H-10a ), 3.45(1H, dd, J= 10.5,6.4Hz, H-10b ), 2.76(1H, m, H-5), 2.19(2H, d, J= 7.1 Hz, H-13), 2.02(1H,m, H-9), 1.94(1H, m, H-8), 1.93(1H, m, H-14), 1.83(1H, m, H-6a), 1.60(2H, m, H-6b), 0.88 (6H, s, H-15);13C-NMR (125 MHz in DMSO-d6):171.0(C-12), 135.2(C-3), 118.7(C-4), 91.7(C-1), 70.6(C-7), 60.4(C-11), 59.9(C-10), 47.5(C-8), 42.4(C-13), 41.4(C-9), 39.0(C-6), 31.2(C-5), 25.0(C-14), 21.9(C-15). 该化合物数据与文献报道一致[7],鉴定为patrinoside-aglucone.
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StudyonchemicalconstituentsfromPerillafrutescens(L.)Britt
YE Yu1, LIANG Ke-li2
(1. First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China; 2. Jian An Pharmaceutical Ltd, Shenzhen 518027, China)
To study the chemical constituents ofPerillafrutescens(L.) Britt. 75% EtOH extract ofPerillafrutescens(L.) Britt. was separated by macroporous resin, normal phase chromatography, ODS and RP-HPLC to isolate natural compounds. And their structures were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis and the references. Five compounds were isolated from the plant, and all the compounds were identified as 5-methoxyisolariciresinol, syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside, lyoniresinol, patrinalloside, patrinoside-aglucone. All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.
Perillafrutescens(L.) Britt; chemical constituents; structural identification
2017-03-28.
叶 宇(1981-),男,研究方向:医院药学服务及中药质量评价.
R284
A
1672-0946(2017)05-0523-03