零冠词用法种种

2017-02-20 15:10罗成勇
高中生学习·高二版 2017年1期
关键词:冠词歌唱家汤姆

罗成勇

在英语学习中,冠词的用法是一个重点,也是高考常考的一个考点。定冠词和不定冠词的使用我们比较熟悉,但零冠词(即名词前不加冠词)的使用常被我们所忽视,易出现误用的情况。现将零冠词的使用情况归纳如下,以期对同学们有所帮助。

1. 两个名词指代同一个人时,后一个名词前不用冠词。

It is said that the singer and dancer will come here the day after tomorrow.

据说那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家后天要来这里。

2. 在as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词位于句首时,名词前无冠词。

Child as he is, he can speak English well.

尽管他是一个小孩子,但他英语讲得很好。

Fool as he is, he could not have done such a thing.

即使他很傻,他也不可能做出这样的事情。

3. 在用作伴隨状语的独立结构中,逻辑主语和相关名词前不用冠词。

I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand.

我跟着他来到这儿,手里握着一把剑,爬了进来。

He stood there, hat in hand and pipe in mouth.

他站在那儿,手拿礼帽,嘴含烟斗。

4. 在并列使用的名词前,冠词常常省略。

They passed bricks from hand to hand.

他们用手传递砖块。

During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it.

在后来的10年间,我们为了还债日夜工作。

5. term前常不用冠词。

Term is over.

学期已经结束了。

We begin term on September.

我们九月开学。

6. turn用作系动词表示“变成”时,后面作表语的名词前无冠词。

He said that he would never turn traitor.

他说他决不会变成叛徒。

His wish is to turn singer.

他的愿望是成为一个歌唱家。

注意 当作表语的名词前有形容词修饰时,则该名词前常有不定冠词修饰。

My sister turned a great writer.

我姐姐成了一位伟大的作家。

7. kind of,sort of,type of后面的名词一般不用冠词。

They might learn what kind of animal it was by touching and feeling it.

通过触摸他们也许会知道他们是什么动物。

The officers saw that he was just the right sort of man, so they accepted him.

军官们看出他恰巧是他们所要找的那种人,就接纳了他。

8. 一些表示职务、职业、职位、身份、学位、地位等的名词在句中作表语、宾语补足语、同位语及介词的宾语时,习惯上不与冠词连用。

In 1860 Lincoln was president of the U.S.A.

1860年林肯当选为美国总统。

He is captain of the basketball team.

他是篮球队队长。

Chen Hu is made monitor of our class.

陈虎当选为我们班的班长。

9. 当bike, car, bus train, boat, plane, ship等与by连用表示一种交通方式时,不用冠词,且不用复数形式。

Did you come back by plane or by train ?

你是乘飞机还是乘火车回来的?

I went there on foot.

我是步行去那儿的。

10. word表示“消息”,nature表示“自然,自然界”时,常不用冠词。

Word came that we would hold sports meeting the next week.

传来消息说,我们将于下个星期举行运动会。

When is nature at its best?

自然界什么时候最美?

11. man, woman表示泛指时,常不用冠词。

Man will change nature.

人类将改变自然。

12. 当no用作形容词修饰名词,或与such连用修饰名词时,名词前常不用冠词。

Little Tom has no pencil.

小汤姆没有铅笔。

There is no such boy.

没有这样的男孩。

13. 书名、标题前常不用冠词。

Do you have From Earth to Moon?

你有《从地球到月亮》这本书吗?

Have you read Oliver Twist?

你读过《雾都孤儿》这本书吗?

14. 在球类、棋类、游戏及疾病名词前常不用冠词。

My brother likes playing basketball.

我哥哥喜欢打篮球。

Lets play chess.

咱们下棋吧。

He has got high blood pressure.

他有高血压。

15. 在表示季节、语言、學科、三餐饭(泛指)的名词及一些表示抽象或一般意义的时间、地点名词前常不用冠词。

at dawn/daybreak/dusk/night/noon/sunset

in bed/church/prison/town

at school/college/sea/home

Trees turn green in spring.

树木春天变绿。

Tom is good at physics.

汤姆物理学得好。

She can speak English freely.

她能自如地讲英语。

Have you had lunch?

你吃过午饭了吗?

[练习]

1. Kunming is _______ place where the weather is neither too hot in _______ summer nor too cold in _______ winter.

A. a; the; the B. the; the; the

C. a; /; / D. /; /; /

2. —Do you like school life?

—Its hard to say. If there were no _______ examinations, I should have _______ much happier time at school.

A. an; a B. /; a

C. a; the D. /; /

3. My father is ill. He is still in _______ hospital. Im going to _______ hospital to see him.

A. the; the B. /; /

C. /; the D. the; /

4. ______ twenty-fifth of December is _______ Christmas Day.

A. The; a B. The; the

C. A; the D. The; /

5. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people to find _______ work.

A. the; / B. /; /

C. the; a D. an; the

[参考答案]

1~5 CBCDB

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