准噶尔盆地滴南地区原油地球化学特征及油源

2016-12-23 07:14廖健德王海静罗小平翁月新范厚江
关键词:甾烷准噶尔盆地侏罗系

廖健德, 王海静, 罗小平, 翁月新, 胡 亮, 范厚江

(1.中国石油新疆油田分公司 实验检测研究院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000; 2.成都理工大学 能源学院,成都 610059)



准噶尔盆地滴南地区原油地球化学特征及油源

廖健德1, 王海静1, 罗小平2, 翁月新1, 胡 亮1, 范厚江2

(1.中国石油新疆油田分公司 实验检测研究院,新疆 克拉玛依 834000; 2.成都理工大学 能源学院,成都 610059)

对准噶尔盆地东道海子凹陷滴南地区的滴南1、滴南7、滴南8等井原油与烃源岩地球化学特征分析,探论该区油源关系。通过对原油的族组成、碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、甾萜烷化合物及轻烃参数、烃源岩的生物标志化合物的研究,结果表明:东道海子凹陷二叠系平地泉组烃源岩处于低成熟-成熟阶段,三环萜烷含量高,Ts

油源对比;烃源岩;原油;生物标志化合物;东道海子凹陷

东道海子凹陷位于准噶尔盆地的腹部中央拗陷东北部,为一个北断南超的不对称双断型堑式凹陷,是准噶尔盆地的重要富烃凹陷之一。凹陷中自下而上发育石炭系滴水泉组(C1d)、巴塔玛依内山组(C2b),二叠系将军庙组(P2j)、平地泉组(P2p)和梧桐沟组(P3wt),三叠系百口泉组(T1b)、克拉玛依组(T2k)、白碱滩组(T3b),侏罗系八道湾组(J1b)、 西山窑组(J2x) 、头屯河组(J2t),下白垩统吐谷鲁群(K1tg)及上白垩统艾里克湖组(K2a)。根据前人研究,巴塔玛依内山组的泥岩、沉凝灰岩及煤为一套高成熟气源岩,平地泉组湖相暗色泥岩为成熟—高成熟油源岩,八道湾组、西山窑组煤层及泥岩为一套油气源岩。钻井揭示,平地泉组暗色泥岩沉积厚度大,在凹陷内广泛分布,为二叠系的主力烃源岩层[1-6]。该区勘探程度较低,凹陷部位探井较少,钻遇二叠系的井分布在凹陷边缘东北部滴南地区,见油气显示的井有滴南1、滴南7、滴南8井。其中滴南1井在平地泉组获得低产油气流;滴南8井在梧桐沟组获得商业油流;滴南9井钻至石炭系,缺失二叠系,在西山窑组获得油气显示。

东道海子凹陷油气地球化学研究成果较少、研究程度较低。本文对典型井原油的族组成、碳同位素、全烃色谱及甾萜烷等地球化学特征进行总结,并与平地泉组源岩地球化学特征进行对比研究,总结油气地球化学特征,判断油源关系,为油气成藏研究与油气富集规律认识奠定基础。

1 烃源岩生物标志物特征

1.1 饱和烃色谱

烃源岩饱和烃色谱包含着沉积环境、生源条件及热演化信息。其中姥鲛烷/植烷是饱和烃系列的研究重点,当姥植比(Pr/Ph)>3时,反映的是强氧化的沉积环境;当Pr/Ph<0.6时,代表缺氧的强还原的沉积环境。CPI与OEP值则可以作为早期的成熟度标尺,其值>1.2时,样品未成熟;当烃源岩成熟以后,其值接近1[7-13]。东道海子凹陷滴南1井、滴南7井平地泉组烃源岩,姥植比范围在1.15~1.98,植烷相对于姥鲛烷有一定的优势,说明沉积环境为弱氧化-弱还原的环境。CPI值和OEP值均>1,其中CPI均值>1.2,有一定奇碳优势。Pr/nC17值为0.4~1,Ph/nC18范围在0.28~0.59,烃源岩样品处于低熟-成熟阶段,在凹陷深处可达到高成熟阶段(表1)。

1.2 甾烷、萜烷特征

由m/z 217和m/z 191质量色谱图可以看到(图1),以滴南1井平地泉组源岩为例,C19、C20、C21、C23三环萜烷分布主要呈山峰型。Ts值远小于Tm值,γ蜡烷含量很低,γ蜡烷/C30藿烷为0.06;D/T的比值较低,为0.16~0.59:表明水生生物输入比例较小,烃源岩成熟度较低。甾烷类化合物是最常用的油源及物源对比参数,其中C27指示低等水生生物和藻类,C29指示高等植物及藻类植物来源[7-15]。图中ααα(20R)构型的C29占的比重最大,具有明显的C29规则甾烷优势,总体来看C27、C28、C29ααα(20R)规则甾烷呈反“L”形分布或者是上升型分布。C29S/S+R与αββC29/∑C29值分别为0.30~0.44与0.34~0.46(表2),从成熟度指标上看,烃源岩尚处于低成熟-成熟阶段。

2 原油地球化学特征

2.1 原油族组成及同位素特征

从表3 中可以看到,二叠系原油碳同位素较轻,在-28.88‰~-30.96‰之间,总体上与典型二叠系来源原油碳同位素特征相似,具有二叠系烃源岩主要特征。位于滴南凸起的滴南7井(P3wt)、滴南9井(J2x)原油碳同位素比典型二叠系来源的原油碳同位素重1.0‰~2.0‰,可能在成因上有一定差异。二叠系原油族组成特征具有饱和烃含量高、沥青质含量低的特点,饱和烃的质量分数(w)为48.29%~83.37%,均值为71.68%,芳香烃的质量分数为4.51%~20.04%,均值为10.62%;非烃+沥青质的质量分数为1.95%~26.38%,饱/芳较大。侏罗系原油饱和烃含量较低,其质量分数为40.22%;芳烃为2.17%,非烃+沥青质为1.36%。

表1 东道海子凹陷烃源岩饱和烃色谱特征

Table 1 Saturated hydrocarbon chromatographic characteristics of oil in Dongdaohaizi Sag

井号深度/m层位岩性Pr/PhCPIOEPPr/nC17Ph/nC18滴南12674.8~2677.1P2p黑色泥岩1.151.181.060.470.40滴南12659.9~2669.5P2p深灰色泥岩1.262.031.100.530.35滴南12768P2p灰黑色泥岩1.291.211.080.500.39滴南13070.23P2p灰黑色泥岩1.551.201.220.470.28滴南12861.15P2p灰色凝灰岩1.981.621.071.000.41滴南12978.7P2p灰色凝灰岩1.651.311.240.710.34滴南73504P2p灰黑色泥岩1.721.171.001.000.38

图1 滴南1井二叠系平地泉组源岩甾烷萜烷色质谱图Fig.1 Steroid terpane GC-MS diagram of the Well Dinan1 source rock in Permian Pingdiquan Formation

Table 2 Maturity parameters of the Pingdiquan Formation source rock in Dinan area, Dongdaohaizi Sag

井号深度/m层位岩性C29S/S+RαββC29/∑C29D/T滴南12674.8~2677.1P2p黑色泥岩0.400.430.19滴南12659.9~2669.5P2p深灰色泥岩0.380.340.16滴南12768P2p深灰色泥岩0.410.450.51滴南13070.23P2p灰黑色泥岩0.440.370.10滴南12844.4P2p灰色凝灰岩0.390.410.44滴南73480P2p灰黑色泥岩0.360.420.59滴南73598~3599P2p灰黑色泥岩0.300.460.49

D/T:三环、四环萜烷总量/五环三萜烷。

表3 原油族组成及碳同位素特征参数表

Table 3 Characteristic parameter of oil group compositions and carbon isotopes

井号层位深度/m样品碳同位素δ13C/‰w/%饱和烃芳香烃非烃沥青质饱/芳非/沥滴南1P2p2760.5~2766.6原油-30.4971.4317.378.442.554.113.31滴南1P2p2970~2979.5油砂-31.4964.8420.0412.481.133.2411.04滴南2P3wt3214~3217油岩-30.9648.2915.6225.311.073.0923.65滴南7P3wt3306~3325原油-28.8883.374.511.190.7118.491.68滴南8P3wt3961.94原油-30.0181.516.440.841.1212.660.75滴南8P3wt3970.98原油-29.8479.596.211.180.8912.821.30滴南8P3wt3956~3974原油-29.8872.704.181.110.8417.391.32滴南9J2x1888~1982原油-28.7740.222.171.090.2718.534.04

2.2 原油及油砂抽提物色谱特征

表4 原油及油砂抽提物烃色谱参数

Table 4 Chromatographic parameters in crude oil and oil sand extracting hydrocarbon

井号深度/m层位样品CPIOEP∑C-21/∑C+22Pr/PhPr/nC17Ph/nC18主峰碳滴南12641.41P2p油砂1.171.171.131.610.440.27nC21滴南12914.73P2p油砂1.221.030.731.200.690.47nC21滴南12922.18P2p油砂1.261.041.401.410.570.38nC19滴南12944.87P2p油砂1.331.040.781.290.450.36nC23滴南12970P2p油砂1.141.121.361.620.220.13nC21滴南73306~3325P3wt原油1.201.032.331.780.430.25nC19滴南83961.94P3wt原油0.991.004.351.870.490.31nC12滴南83970.98P3wt原油0.991.003.191.820.490.31nC15滴南91890J2x原油0.961.014.152.310.570.31nC10滴南91961J2x原油0.960.992.322.150.580.33nC11

图2 滴南地区二叠系、侏罗系原油全烃色谱图Fig.2 Total hydrocarbon chromatographic diagram for oil of the Permian and Triassic in Dinan area

2.3 甾烷、萜烷特征

从典型井的m/z 191质量色谱图中可以看出(图3),滴南7(P3wt)、滴南8(P3wt)、滴南9井(J2x)原油生物标志化合物分布特征差异较大。滴南7井三环萜烷丰度低,远低于藿烷系列,其比值为0.26;滴南9井原油三环萜烷含量大于藿烷系列含量,2个原油的比值分别为1.24、1.28;滴南8井3个原油的三环萜烷远大于藿烷系列,其比值分别为3.87、4.07、4.06。 滴南1、滴南7与滴南9井的Ts/Tm<1,为0.42~0.60;滴南8井3个原油样品的Ts/Tm为2.87~3.83,含有一定量的γ蜡烷;滴南9井原油的γ蜡烷含量低于滴南1井、滴南7井、滴南8井。C31藿烷22S/R>1,表明原油已经成熟;25-降藿烷含量极低,原油未遭受生物降解的影响[16-17]。

几口井的规则甾烷分布相似,其含量具有C27

生物标志化合特征研究结果表明滴南地区原油均为成熟原油。滴南9井(J2x)与滴南8井(P3wt)、滴南1井(P2p)、滴南7井(P3wt)生物标志化合物特征差异大,说明油气来源是不同的。

表5 滴南地区原油及含油砂岩甾烷、萜烷特征

Table 5 Steroid and terpane characteristics of oil and oil sand in Dinan area

井号深度/m层位样品成熟度参数C27~C29(20R)甾烷%TsTmC31H22SRC29SS+RαββC29∑C29C27C28C29γ蜡烷C30HD/T滴南12760.5~2766.6P2p原油0.421.440.430.6319.6137.1443.250.290.12滴南12922.18~2930.73P2p油砂0.581.420.440.6418.5228.2153.280.280.39滴南73306~3325P3wt原油0.581.100.450.517.5925.9366.480.260.26滴南83961.9P3wt原油2.871.080.460.6018.3535.6545.990.363.87滴南83970.98P3wt原油2.391.050.460.5919.0236.2344.750.364.07滴南83996.07P3wt原油3.831.070.470.6018.4537.9743.580.424.06滴南91890J2x原油0.551.120.430.5318.6729.7151.620.181.24滴南91961J2x原油0.601.150.420.5018.1633.9947.860.121.28

D/T:三环、四环萜烷总量/五环三萜烷。

图3 滴南地区原油m/z 191、m/z 217质量色谱图Fig.3 The sterane m/z 217 and the terpane m/z 191 GC-MS curves for crude oil in Dinan area

3 油源对比

图4 滴南地区烃源岩和原油碳同位素与Pr/Ph关系图Fig.4 Correlation of carbon isotope, Pr/Ph of source rock and oil in Dinan area, Dongdaohaizi Sag

原油地球化学特征研究表明,滴南1井、滴南7井和滴南8井二叠系油藏的原油姥植比<1.9;碳同位素值较轻,一般在-30‰左右;γ/C30藿烷为0.26~0.42,C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)、C29αββ/∑C29分别为0.43~0.47、0.51~0.64。其地球化学特征明显不同于侏罗系和石炭系烃源岩,而与二叠系烃源岩相似(图4);因此,该区二叠系油藏的原油来源于东道海子凹陷二叠系烃源岩。滴南9井侏罗系油藏的原油姥植比>2.1,碳同位素值为-28.77‰~-29.61‰,γ蜡烷丰度较低,γ/C30藿烷<0.2,C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)、C29αββ/∑C29分别为0.42~0.43、0.50~0.53,为成熟油,其地球化学特征明显不同于二叠系烃源岩。该原油的姥植比、γ蜡烷、甾烷特征与石炭系和侏罗系烃源岩相似,滴南9井原油为成熟油;而该区石炭系烃源岩处于高成熟阶段,以生气为主,生成的原油也应为高成熟的原油,因此认为该原油不是来源于石炭系烃源岩[18]。而该区侏罗系烃源岩处于成熟阶段,生成的原油为成熟油,因此认为滴南9井侏罗系油藏的原油来源于东道海子凹陷侏罗系烃源岩。

4 结 论

a.东道海子凹陷滴南地区二叠系平地泉组烃源岩三环、四环萜烷/五环三萜烷比值<1,γ蜡烷含量低,Ts

b.滴南地区原油及抽提物饱和烃含量占绝对优势,油质普遍较轻,没有明显的奇碳优势,为弱还原-弱氧化、淡水沉积环境有机质生成的油气。生物标志化合特征表明:滴南8井(P3wt)具有三环、四环萜烷高,Ts>Tm,γ蜡烷相对含量高,C21-妊甾烷、C22-升妊甾烷含量高,C27、C28、C29规则甾烷呈上升型的分布特征;滴南9井(J2x)萜烷系列与滴南8井相反,甾烷系列比较相似。

c.东道海子凹陷滴南地区原油来源有一定的差异,滴南1井、滴南7井、滴南8井原油来源于东道海子凹陷二叠系平地泉组成熟烃源岩生成的原油,滴南9井原油来源于东道海子凹陷侏罗系烃源岩生成的原油。

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Geochemical characteristics of crude oil and oil source analysis in the Dinan area of Dongdaohaizi Sag, Junggar Basin, China

LIAO Jian-de1, WANG Hai-jing1, LUO Xiao-ping2, WENG Yue-xin1, HU Liang1, FAN Hou-jiang2

1.ExperimentalTestingInstitute,XinjiangOilfieldBranchCompany,Karamay834000,China; 2.CollegeofEnergyResources,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,Chengdu610059,China

The geochemical characteristics of crude oil and source rocks from the drilling wells of Well Dinan-1, Well Dinan-7, Well Dinan-8 in the Dinan area of Dongdaohaizi Sag in Junggar Basin are analyzed, and the oil-source relationship is also discussed. Focus is put on the research of oil group composition, oil carbon isotope, oil saturated chromatographic feature and parameters analysis of oil steroid terpane compounds, light hydrocarbon, as well as biomarker of the source rock. It shows that the hydrocarbon source rock of Permian Pingdiquan Formation in Dongdaohaizi Sag is in the immature to mature phase, with high tricyclic terpane content, low gammacerane content, Ts/Tm less than 1, and reverse “L” shape in the distribution of C27, C28, C29regular sterane fingerprint. The geochemical parameter and steroid terpane characteristics from the crude oil and the reservoir material extracted in the Permian in Dinan area are similar to those of the source rocks in Pingdiquan Formation. The Jurassic crude oil is characterized by the Jurassic source rock.

oil-source correlation; hydrocarbon source rock; crude oil; biological marker compound; Dongdaohaizi Sag

10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2016.06.07

1671-9727(2016)06-0688-08

2015-09-14。 [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金项目(41172119)。 [第一作者] 廖健德(1971-),男,高级工程师,从事石油地质研究工作, E-mail:liaojiande@petrochina.com.cn。

TE122.11

A

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