谭蓓蓓,杨建波
(西南医科大学附属医院核医学科,四川 泸州 646000)
血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C对卵巢癌的诊断价值研究
谭蓓蓓,杨建波
(西南医科大学附属医院核医学科,四川 泸州 646000)
目的探讨血清间皮素、人附睾上皮分泌蛋白4(HE4)、癌胚抗原125(CA125)及血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法比较卵巢癌组(97例)、良性组(100例)及对照组(120例)的血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平。联合Logistic回归分析和ROC曲线比较单一和联合指标对卵巢癌的诊断效能,并进一步建立卵巢癌的偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)模型。结果卵巢癌组的血清间皮素、HE4、CA125和VEGF-C水平高于良性组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清间皮素、HE4、CA125和VEGF-C的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.78(95%CI:0.72,0.84)、0.90(95%CI:0.85,0.94)、0.88(95%CI:0.83,0.92)和0.84(95%CI:0.80,0.90)。检测血清标志物(间皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C)的AUC与间皮素+HE4+CA125、HE4+CA125+VEGF-C及HE4+CA125相当(0.99、0.98、0.98和0.97)。基于血清HE4+CA125的PLS-DA模型诊断卵巢癌的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为88.7%,97.7%和95.0%。基于血清间皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C诊断卵巢癌的敏感性、特异性和准确率分比为91.8%,97.3%和95.6%。结论联合检测血清标志物HE4和CA125是经济、有效的组合模式,有助于卵巢癌的鉴别诊断。
卵巢癌;间皮素;人附睾上皮分泌蛋白4;癌胚抗原125;血管内皮生长因子C
卵巢癌早期起病隐匿且诊断缺乏特异、灵敏的血清标志物。癌胚抗原125(carcinoembryonic antigen 125,CA125)常用于卵巢癌的常规筛查,但早期诊断仍有一定的局限性[1]。人附睾蛋白4(human epididymal protein 4,HE4)[2-3]、间皮素[4]、血管内皮生长因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGF-C)等[5]与卵巢癌的发生、转移密切相关,但其诊断效能尚未被充分认识[1,6-7]。因此,本研究以卵巢癌患者为研究对象,考察血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C单一和联合指标对卵巢癌的诊断价值,以筛选的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)较大的组合标志物建立偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)模型,以期筛选诊断卵巢癌的最优组合标志物。
1.1一般资料
选取2014年2月-2015年11月于西南医科大学附属医院妇产科住院,术后病理检查确诊的卵巢癌患者97例(卵巢癌组),患者年龄42~63岁,平均49岁。病理分型:浆液性癌68例,子宫内膜样癌13例,混合性癌14例,黏液性癌2例。临床分期,Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期38例,Ⅲ期46例,Ⅳ期5例。选取同期卵巢良性疾病患者100例为良性对照(良性组),患者平均年龄为46岁(41~57岁),包括卵巢囊肿49例,卵巢浆液性腺瘤25例,卵巢黏液性腺瘤17例,子宫内膜异位症9例。选择本院体检女性为对照(对照组,120例),平均年龄为56岁(34~62岁),排除并发高血压、糖尿病和心血管等疾病。
1.2实验方法
研究对象均空腹静脉采血3~5 ml,3 000 r/min离心10min后分离血清。采用日本东曹公司AIA2000化学发光免疫分析仪测定血清CA125水平,其参考范围为0.0~35.0 u/ml。采用瑞士罗氏公司Cobas 601电化学发光免疫分析仪及配套试剂盒测定血清HE4水平,血清HE4的参考范围为0.0~150.0pmol/L。血清CA125和HE4测定前质控符合要求。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定血清间皮素和VEGF-C水平,间皮素试剂盒购于美国ADL公司,VEGF-C试剂盒购于美国RD公司。严格参照试剂盒说明书操作,操作前建立血清间皮素和VEGF-C的标准曲线,测定中变异系数均控制在10%以内。血清间皮素和VEGF-C的参考范围分别为0.0~4.6ng/ml和67.4~270.0pg/ml。
1.3统计学方法
非参数检验和ROC曲线的绘制均采用SPSS 17.0统计软件完成。采用SIMCA 13.0软件建立卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型。数据呈偏态分布,以中位数(Median,M)和四分位数间距(Quartile range,P25,P75)表示。3组比较用非参数的Kruska-wallisH检验,两两比较用Mann-WhitneyU检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.13组血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平比较
卵巢癌组血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平均高于良性组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。良性组血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平也高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C单项和联合的Logistic回归-ROC曲线分析
单项指标中,HE4的诊断效能较高,AUC为0.90(95%CI:0.85,0.94),在临界值为360.3 pmol/L时,敏感性和特异性分别为75.3%和99.0%。两项联合指标中,HE4+CA125最佳的AUC为0.97(95%CI:0.94,0.99),在临界值(概率)为0.541时,敏感性和特异性分别为89.7%和95.0%。3项联合指标中,间皮素+HE4+VEGF-C与HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的AUC相当,为0.98(95%CI:0.96,1.00)。4项联合指标中,间皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的AUC最高,达0.99(95%CI:0.98,1.00),在临界值(概率)为0.564时,敏感性和特异性分别为93.8%和96.0%。见图1和表2。
表13 组血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C水平比较M(P25,P75)
图1 血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C单一和联合诊断卵巢癌的ROC曲线
表2 血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C单一和联合诊断卵巢癌的敏感性和特异性分析
2.3基于血清HE4和CA125诊断卵巢癌的PLSDA模型
卵巢癌患者、卵巢良性疾病患者均能完全与健康人鉴别。卵巢癌患者和卵巢良性疾病患者不能完全鉴别,但两者有分离趋势。PLS-DA模型鉴别诊断卵巢癌的敏感性、特异性和分类正确率分别为88.7%、97.7%和95.0%。见图2。
2.4基于血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C联合诊断卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型
卵巢癌患者、卵巢良性疾病患者均能完全与健康人鉴别。卵巢癌患者和卵巢良性疾病患者也能较好地分离。该模型鉴别诊断肺癌的敏感性、特异性和分类正确率分别为91.8%、97.2%和95.6%。见图3。
图2 基于血清HE4和CA125诊断卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型
图3 基于血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C诊断卵巢癌的PLS-DA模型
CA125是与卵巢癌恶性程度密切相关的糖蛋白,对卵巢癌的诊断、疗效监测和预后评估均有一定意义[8]。HE4是WFDC2基因编码的乳清酸性蛋白,在卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌组织中过表达,是潜在的妇科肿瘤标志物。本研究显示,卵巢癌患者血清CA125和HE4均高于卵巢良性疾病患者,与范亚萍[9]和严婷等[10]的报道一致。间皮素是一种与卵巢癌细胞脱落、黏附、种植等密切相关的细胞表面抗原[11],是监测卵巢癌转移较好的指标[12]。VEGF-C是特异性淋巴管内皮生长刺激因子,参与卵巢癌晚期淋巴结转移[13]。本研究发现,卵巢癌患者血清间皮素和VEGF-C水平均升高,提示部分中晚期卵巢癌患者的癌细胞已脱落或发生淋巴结转移。
ROC曲线是敏感性和特异性的综合,以评价特定指标的诊断效能和寻找最佳的诊断标志物。本研究中,血清HE4的诊断效能优于CA125、VEGF-C及间皮素,提示测定血清HE4更有助于卵巢癌的鉴别诊断。联合检测多项肿瘤标志物能获得更高的敏感性或特异性,在一定程度上弥补单一指标的不足。目前,国内鲜有间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C等联合检测对卵巢癌诊断效能的相关报道。本研究发现,联合指标的AUC均高于单一指标,两项联合指标中,HE4+CA125优于间皮素+HE4、间皮素+CA125和间皮素+VEGF-C。检测血清HE4+CA125的AUC达0.97(95%CI:0.94,0.99),与ZHAO等[6]的报道相似。4项组合标志物间皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的AUC与3项间皮素+HE4+VEGF-C、HE4+CA125+ VEGF-C和两项HE4+CA125相当,但检测成本和患者的经济负担也增加。因此,血清组合标志物HE4+ CA125是较为理想且有效的卵巢癌诊断标志物。
PLS-DA是代谢组学中常用的模式识别技术,常用于疾病的分类诊断和预测分析[14],能显著提高疾病的诊断效能[15]。本研究显示,基于血清组合标志物HE4+CA125和间皮素+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C的PLS-DA模型诊断卵巢癌的敏感性、特异性和分类正确率相当,均能较好地鉴别诊断卵巢癌。
本研究综合分析血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C单一和联合指标对卵巢的诊断价值。借助ROC曲线发现,联合检测血清间皮素、HE4、CA125及VEGF-C的诊断效能与HE4和CA125相当,但前者的检测成本较高。借助PLS-DA模型进一步证明,两种联合诊断模式的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率比较,差异无统计学意义。因此,血清HE4和CA125是诊断卵巢癌经济、有效的组合标志物,有助于卵巢癌的鉴别诊断。
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(童颖丹 编辑)
Clinical diagnostic value of serum mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C in ovarian cancer
Bei-bei Tan,Jian-bo Yang
(Department of Nuclear Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China)
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum mesothelin,human epididymis protein 4 (HE4),cancer antigen 125(CA125)and vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C)for patients with ovarian cancer.Methods Serum levels of mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C in 97 cases of ovarian cancer, 100 cases of benign ovarian diseases and 120 healthy controls were analyzed.The logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the individual and combined diagnostic values of serum mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C for patients with ovarian cancer.And the diagnostic model of partial least square discrininant analysis(PLS-DA)was established.Results Serum levels of mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C in the patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than those in the patients with ovarian benign diseases and healthy controls(P<0.05).The area under the ROC(AUC) of serum mesothelin,HE4,CA125 and VEGF-C was 0.78(95%CI:0.72,0.84),0.90(95%CI:0.85,0.94), 0.88(95%CI:0.83,0.92)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80,0.90),respectively.The AUCs of the combined serum tumor markers(HE4+CA125),(mesothelin+HE4+CA125),(HE4+CA125+VEGF-C)and(mesothelin+HE4+ CA125+VEGF-C)was similar(0.97,0.98,0.98 and 0.99 respectively).The sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy of the combined serum tumor markers(HE4+CA125)for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the PLS-DA model were 88.7%,97.7%and 95.0%,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy of combined serum tumor markers(mesothelin+HE4+CA125+VEGF-C)for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 91.8%,97.3%and 95.6%,respectively.Conclusions The combination of serum biomarkers(HE4+CA125)is economical and effective,which is helpful for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
ovarian cancer;mesothelin;human epididymis protein 4;cancer antigen 125;vascular endothelial growth factor C
R737.31
B
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.21.014
1005-8982(2016)21-0068-05
2016-06-08