质子辐照对2Cr13不锈钢的作用机理研究

马明臻++张新宇++牛广义

摘 要：该研究以航天机构常用材料2Cr13不锈钢为对象，在980℃油冷淬火后与600℃和700℃回火的两种热处理工艺以及在2×1014质子/cm2、2×1015质子/cm2、2×1016质子/cm2三种累积注量的条件下，开展了质子辐照试验研究。分析了2Cr13不锈钢经不同累积注量质子辐照后，材料的微观组织结构、表面硬度、力学性能、拉伸断口附近的变形行为。用纳米机械试验仪测试了经质子辐照后的摩擦系数以及纳米划痕相貌特征及其摩擦学特性。在该试验研究中发现，对于相同质子辐照条件下的2Cr13不锈钢，其表面硬度和摩擦系数的变化与热处理的回火温度关系甚大，在较高温度回火时表面硬度的降低和摩擦系数的的变化均比较低温度回火时表现的明显，这可能是由于在较高的温度下回火，使动态回复再结晶过程的晶粒尺寸变大有关。这个试验结果对航天机构的制造加工具有重要的指导意义，即通过控制合理的热处理制度，可以使航天机构的材料获得更好的综合性能，有利于改善和提高航天机构的可靠性和寿命。

关键词：2Cr13不锈钢 质子辐照 表面硬度 力学性能 摩擦系数

Abstract：The components of a spacecraft are subject to adverse effects of the space environment in their service. In particular， the irradiation of high energy particles （proton） will impact on the microstructures and performance of spacecraft materials. In turn， investigations on the mechanism of proton irradiation effects on the microstructures and performance of spacecraft materials are of fundamental importance. In this program， we conducted proton irradiation studies on 2Cr13 stainless steel， one of the materials commonly used in spacecraft components. Specifically， two types of heat treatment （tempering at 600 and 700℃， both following oil quenching at 980℃） and three different photon fluences （2×1014， 2×1015 and 2×1016 proton/cm2） are employed. The response of 2Cr13 stainless steel to irradiations with different photon fluences are analyzed， such as the microstructures， surface hardness， mechanical performance and the deformation behavior near the tensile fracture surface. We examined the friction coefficient， nano-scratch patterns and tribological characteristics of the specimens after proton irradiation. Under tempering with higher temperature， the decrease of the surface hardness and the change of the friction coefficient of the specimens are more evident. It is uncovered that， for specimens treated by irradiations with the same photon fluence， the variation of their surface hardness and friction coefficient highly depend on the tempering temperature. This might be attributed to the increase of the grain size during dynamic recovery and recrystallization of specimens subject to high temperature tempering. These results provide a significant guidance for the manufacturing and processing of spacecraft components， i.e.， by employing appropriate heat treatments， we can improve the comprehensive performance of spacecraft materials and hence the reliability and service life of spacecraft components.

Key Words：2Cr13 stainless steel；Proton irradiation；Surface hardness；Mechanical properties；Friction coefficient

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