中国已成为欧洲强有力的竞争对手

——访印度纺织机械展览会协会



中国已成为欧洲强有力的竞争对手

——访印度纺织机械展览会协会

印度纺织行业正在以8%～10%的速度增长。从纺织行业的新项目以及对建立纺织产业园的重视程度来看，印度纺织机械行业的规模有望在未来7年从目前的22亿卢比增长到45亿卢比。

该行业在印度已有近60年的历史，目前已经拥有1000多家机械设备及零部件制造企业。近300家企业可以生产完整的设备，其余的企业从事各种纺织机械零部件的生产。然而，不是所有企业都能全负荷生产或达到最佳负荷水平。目前，印度的国产设备远不能满足国内需求。除纺纱设备外，其他版块的设备，如织造、针织和湿法处理等都缺乏高水平的质量标准和性能（在大多数情况下），很难与欧洲制造商竞争。印度纺机行业内几乎没有织造行业的无梭织机（剑杆织机或喷气织机）和针织圆机和横机。

目前印度纺机制造分入会和未入会企业两大板块。在入会企业中，除了国有有限责任公司外，机械制造都是由独立的企业完成的，他们是与外资企业合作的合资公司。在未入会的分散板块中，都是一些小规模的企业、甚至极小工厂在从事零配件生产。大约87%纺织机械都来自以下六个产业集群地，即艾哈迈达巴德、班加罗尔、哥印拜陀、卢迪亚纳、孟买和苏拉特。这些集群地的选址均经过策略性的考量，旨在更好地为纺织行业服务，它们之间互相关联以便生产纺织行业所需的设备。目前，绝大多数的纺织机械都是内销，因此出口范围非常小。

几年前，欧洲还被认为是纺织机械的最大的制造商，但今天中国已成为其强有力的竞争对手。印度是中国主要的进口合作伙伴，其次是孟加拉国、印度尼西亚、越南和日本等国家。亚洲是中国纺机设备的最大消费国。

中国的纺机出口正稳步增长，预计在2016年将达到30.7亿美元，而进口则呈现下降趋势。对中国纺机设备的需求增长是多方面的，在质量和设备的使用寿命方面仍有很大的改进余地。

中国设备的独特卖点是成本低。虽然这些机器在全球范围内出口，但是由于其便宜的价格和地理优势，亚洲国家是其主要进口伙伴。印度是中国的机械设备进口的最大的合作伙伴。印度进口正以10%的年复合增长率增长，预计到2016年将达到 8.47亿美元。印度主要从中国进口针织机械设备，其次是织机。

The Textile industry is witnessing a growth of 8-10 per cent. The size of India's textile machinery industry is poised to double to Rs 45，000 crore in the next 7 years from the present Rs 22，000 crore in light of new projects and emphasis on setting up textile parks.

This industry is nearly sixty years old and has more than 1000 machinery and component manufacturing units. Nearly 300 units produce complete machinery and the remaining produces various textile machinery components. However， not all the units work to full capacity or even the optimum capacity level. Currently， our inhouse production is insufficient to meet domestic demand. Apart from the spinning sector other sector machineries such as weaving， knitting and wet-processing lack high level of quality standard and performance （in most of the cases） to compete with the European manufacturers. In the weaving sector， shuttleless weaving machinery （rapier or air jet） and in the knitting sector （circular knitting and flat knitting） machineries hardly have any presence in the industry.

The machinery manufacturing operation takes place at the organized and the unorganized sectors. In the organized sector， in addition to the public limited companies， machinery manufacturing is done in independent units， which have collaborative joint ventures with the foreign entities. In the decentralized sector， there are small-scale industrial units as well as tiny units engaged in the production of accessories. Around 87 per cent of the total production， i.e.， textile machinery is coming from the six clusters namely Ahmedabad，Bangalore， Coimbatore， Ludhiana， Mumbai and Surat. These clusters are strategically located to serve the textile industry and have the affiliation to produce the kind of machinery required by the industry. Currently most of textile machinery is consumed within the country， so there is very less scope for the export.

Till few years back， Europe was considered a biggest manufacturer of textile machineries， but today China is giving tough competition. India is major import partner to China followed by countries like Bangladesh， Indonesia， Vietnam & Japan. Asia is biggest consumer of Chinese machineries. China’s machinery Export is growing steadily & expected to reach USD3.07billion in Year 2016， whereas import is showing decreasing trend. The demand of Chinese machineries is growing multi folds， still there is lot of scope for improvement in terms quality & life of machinery.

The USP of Chinese machineries is its low cost. Though these machineries are exported across the globe， Asian countries are major import partners owing to its cheaper price & geographical advantage. India is the top import partner for Chinese Machineries. Indian imports are growing with CAGR of 10% estimated to reach USD 847 Million by 2016. India is majorly importing knitting machineries from China， followed by weaving machines.

China is giving tough competition to Europe

- Interview with India ITME Society