每次参加展会都有很大收获

林子务

武汉纺织大学纺织学院教授



每次参加展会都有很大收获

林子务

武汉纺织大学纺织学院教授

《中国纺织》：如何看待国产、进口纺机的主要优势和不足？

林子务：国产纺机的主要优势是价格较低，能满足企业生产需要，机配件供应方便，售后服务及时，国产纺机自动化程度、稳定性和可靠性尽管与以前相比有很大提高，但与进口纺机仍有一定差距。因而从工程经济学全面观点看，国产纺机在用工和优质高产方面还不能与进口纺机匹敌。

这里有一个事例。前年，本人应邀到深圳国泰华湖北襄阳分公司参加新建10万锭棉纺的一期工程（3万锭）设备选型论证，不少专家和企业老总就公司内外大量调研的案例进行剖析，最后放弃了最优秀的国产设备，而一致选定了国外3万锭成套纺纱设备。因为国外设备自动化程度高、性能稳定和可靠，维修少，这样机器的维修工费低，大头成本原料消耗也低一些，用工也相应减少，给优质高产和原料低耗提供了可靠的保证，而价格只高出国内同类最好设备的23%。

《中国纺织》：未来纺机的发展趋势是什么？

林子务：未来纺机发展总的趋势是工艺流程短、结构模块化和运行智能化、操控用工少及无人化，这里简要展望一下棉纺纱生产线。

不同级别的棉包由智能识别传送带上场→抓包混棉后的棉流经多个高效异纤清除装置（该装置将不是目前独立占地的，而是像凝棉器依附在管道上）→柔性强震抖开棉（将替代目前的豪猪式开棉而使纤维损伤减少到最低，使棉层所含短绒最低，极大减轻后继工序的分梳负担）→带有按纤维长度输出非单根棉条的智能梳棉机（其中的较长纤维生条可作为棉纺半精梳生条输入并条工序，而不需精梳）→非单根棉条由自动传送带至高效智能条并卷机（可按长纤维生条和短纤维生条分开并合）→智能精梳→智能并条机→（并后熟条由自动传送带至粗纱机）→自动输送至细纱机（有自动生头和自动结头的双自动装置智能细纱机）→自动络筒机。这一展望中，所有工序都是连接一体的，无独立工序，由目前清——梳联、粗——细——络联而设想为纺纱各工序的全线联。

《中国纺织》：您今年参加纺机展吗？每届展会的收获大吗？

林子务：我今年参加纺机展。纺机展会是人类纺织文化和科技进步的最新成果以实物形态的方式展示出来，并让人们身处其中，直接感受到社会进步与发展。使我不仅看到了新一代的纺机，更能听到中国梦大背景下现代纺织前进的脚步声，这是我参加的主要目的。

我每届展会的收获很大，主要收获是了解了国内外纺机最新科技进展，获取了光盘和纸介质等最新纺机资讯。这些资讯，对我多次参加棉毛麻纺织工业园的论证工作起到了重要作用，30多年来我已参加或主持了200万锭的纺织工业园论证。对这些资讯我还按棉毛麻纺部和织部、针织、印染、服装及产业用布等十一方面进行分类，并将有价值的纸质资讯扫描成电子文本。该电子文本不仅用于工业园的论证，还作为素材用于我将主编的13本书中。我十分珍惜这些资讯。

结识了数十家著名的国内外参展商技术研发人员，面对面交流，对提升自身专业知识和学术有积极的促进作用。有6次，我还在展会闭幕时随相关参展商返程，到该纺机企业实地访问、学习和调研，尤其是调研企业的创新和研发能力，从中学到了不少创新和研发模式和方法。我也有机会直接同设计人员们共同探讨更好的研发方案和寻找创新难题的切入点及突破口，既发挥了集思广益，又提出了我个人的新见解，企业对这些见解是非常重视和欢迎的，这无形中把自己也置身到创新之中了。

每次展会都结交了纺织企业技术人员，深度了解纺织行业设备使用、维护修理的成功经验和不足，这对推进纺织加工企业的技术进步大有裨益。

Wuhan Textile University Prof. Lin Ziwu

China Textile： What do you think about the main advantage and disadvantage of domestic and imported textile machinery？

Lin Ziwu： The main advantage of the domestic textile machinery is low price，which can meet the needs of enterprise production， with convenient supply of machine parts and timely after-sales service. In spite of the great improvement of domestic textile machinery in automation，stability and reliability， there is still a certain gap with the imported textile machinery. Therefore， from the comprehensive point of view of engineering economics，domestic textile machinery can’t match imported one in terms of employment and high quality and yield.

Here is an example. Two years ago， I was invited to Kotawa （Xiangyang） Textile Co.， Ltd. to participate in selection and demonstration of first-stage project （30 thousand spindles） of the new 100 thousand spindles of cotton spinning； with analysis of various internal and external cases， many experts and business executives finally selected 30 thousand sets of complete spinning equipment of Rieter Group， with high degree of automation， stable and reliable performance，and less maintenance cost， rather than the best domestic equipment. And also low cost of raw material consumption and low labor provide a reliable guarantee for high quality and low consumption， while the price is only 23% higher than the best similar one in domestic.

China Textile： what are the future trends of textile machinery？

Lin Ziwu： The general trends of textile machinery are short process， modular structure and intelligentized operation， less labor and unmanned machining. Here is a brief look of cotton yarn production line.

Different levels of cotton bags enter the field by intelligent identification conveyor belt → blending cotton flowing through many efficient foreign fiber clearing device （not in dependent area， but attached to the pipe like condenser） → flexible and strong shaking to open cotton （replace the current porcupine opening with minimum damage to fiber and short fiber in cotton layer， to greatly reduce the burden of carding in the subsequent process）→ intelligent carding machine to output non-single sliver in accordance with the length of fiber （longer fiber can be input drawing process as cotton semi-combed sliver， with no need of combing） → nonsingle sliver to efficient and intelligent lap former by automatic conveyor （can be separately combined according to the length of fiber sliver） → intelligent combing →intelligent drawing frame → drawn sliver to roving machine by automatic conveyor→ automatic transmission to spinning machine （intelligent spinning machine with double automatic machines of automatic repiecing and tieing） → automatic winder. All processes are closely linked， making an expected whole process with current blowing-carding， roving-spinning winder.

China Textile： Will you participate in the textile machinery exhibition this year？ Big harvest？

Lin Ziwu： Yes， I will. Textile machinery exhibition is a platform for the latest achievements of human textile culture and technological process in physical form，making people directly feel social progress and development. I can not only enjoy the new generation of textile machinery，but also hear the advanced footsteps of modern textile under the background of Chinese Dream， which is the main purpose to participate in the exhibition.

I can obtain great harvest at each exhibition， main of which can be divided into three aspects. First， to understand the latest development in technology of domestic and foreign textile machinery， and to get textile information on the CD and paper，which plays an important role for the demonstration in textile industrial park of cotton and wool with 2 million spindles in more than 30 years. I have classified these information into eleven parts of cotton and wool， knitting， dyeing and printing，garment， tech-textile and so on， and scan valuable paper information into electronic text， which is not only used for the demonstration， but also as the material for the 13 books I will edit. I really cherish the information.

Secondly， I get to know many professions in research and development of dozens of well-known domestic and foreign exhibitors， and it has a positive role in improving my profession knowledge and academic level to communicate with them face to face. I have followed with exhibitors to visit， learn and research in their enterprises， learning many innovation and research patterns and methods. I also have the opportunity to directly explore a development scheme and seek the breakthrough of innovation paradox with designers， which not only fuses everyone’s wisdom， but also makes me express my personal insight. Enterprises attache great importance and welcome to these insights， which makes me involved in the innovation invisibly.

Thirdly， I make friends with many technical personnel of textile enterprises，and deeply understand the successful experiences and shortcomings of the use，maintenance and repair of the equipment，which is beneficial to promote the technological progress of textile processing enterprises.