杜 凡王 娟杨少永(.西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明6504;.西南林业大学园林学院,云南昆明6504)
报春花科一新属种
—假珍珠菜
杜 凡1王 娟1杨少永2
(1.西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224;2.西南林业大学园林学院,云南昆明650224)
摘要:描述了云南省临沧市邦东大雪山发现的报春花科(Primulaceae)新属—假珍珠菜属(Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.S.Yang)。该属与珍珠菜属(Lysimachia)相近,区别在于前者单花被,无花冠,花丝远长于花被,基生胎座而不是特立中央胎座,胚珠8枚以下而非多数。同时定名和描述了该属的模式种—假珍珠菜(Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang)。该新属种分布于邦东大雪山山顶海拔3 390~3 420 m范围的亚高山草甸。
关键词:新属;假珍珠菜属;新种;假珍珠菜;邦东大雪山
报春花科(Primulaceae)含22属,约1 000种。中国有13属,约510种,主要分布在西南山区。云南有报春属(Primula)、珍珠菜属(Lysimachia)、独花报春属(Omphalogramma)和点地梅属(Androsace)等4属,约220种。2005年3月,笔者在进行云南澜沧江自然保护区科学考察时,在海拔3 400 m的邦东大雪山亚高山草甸采集到1种报春花科植物,初看很象珍珠菜属的种类,当时植株尚未开花,但保留了上一年残留的果序。鉴定时发现与珍珠菜属特征极不相符[1-3],无法定位到珍珠菜属中。后经2次到原产地进一步详细采集标本,进行形态学研究,确定为新属。因形态上与珍珠菜属相像,取名为“假珍珠菜属”;其分布点为邦东大雪山,未发现于该区以外其他区域,故新种的种加词采用中文“雪山”的拉丁化形容词“xueshanensis”。
假珍珠菜属 新属
Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang,gen.nov.
(Subfam.Cyrtandroideae Endl.Trib.Didymocarpeae Endl.)
Concentrated terminal pachystachyus,flower stalkless,without corolla,calyx connate,lower part cupshaped,glandulosa,sepal 6 - 8,irregular,with one bract,green,longer than sepal,glandulosa.Stamen 7- 9,filament separate,on the basal of the ovary,length more than 2 times of sepal;basifixed anther,longitudinal dehiscence.Ovary sphere,tomentosa.Style stick,persistent;Stigma obtuse;basal placenta,the numbers of ovules are as that of sepals.Capsule sphere,3-5 valvular dehiscence,covered by the persistent calyx tube;Seed 5 - 8,with one rib and a narrow wing.
The new genus Paralysimachia is similar to Lysimachia,however there are the following different characteristics:1)Single perianth,without corrola;2)Flower stalkless,concentrated terminal pachystachyus;3)Filament much longer than that of perianth and elongates out of calyx;4)Basil placenta;5)Ovules less than 8.
Only one species,the genus typus Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang.has been found.
花无柄,排成顶生密集的穗状花序;无花冠,花萼有腺点,合生成杯状,萼裂片6~8,稍不等大。苞片明显长于萼裂片,有腺点。雄蕊7~9,花丝分离,生于子房基部,长度超过花萼的2倍以上;花药基部着生,纵裂。子房球形,被毛。花柱棒状,宿存;柱头钝;基生胎座,胚珠与花萼裂片同数。蒴果球形,3~5瓣裂,被宿存萼筒包被;种子5~8,具棱,并有狭翅。
本新属与珍珠菜属(Lysimachia)相近,但在以下方面显著不同:1)单花被,而非2倍花;2)无花柄,花组成粗短密集的穗状花序;3)花丝远长于花被,并伸出于花萼之外;4)基生胎座而非特立中央胎座;5)胚珠不足8枚而非多数。
本新属目前仅知1种,即模式种假珍珠菜Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang.
假珍珠菜 新种 图1
Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang,sp.nov.Fig.1
Perennial,stem brachless,many plants live together into basal shrubs;Stem ribbed 6 - 8,basal diam.10 cm,height 40- 60 cm,glandulosa.Leaves verticillate,nearly verticillate or alternate on the upper part,mostly 6 leaves one whirl,entire,ovate,papery,length 8-12 cm,width 3-4 cm,front long and acuminate,basal narrow cuneate,elongate down into an inconspicuous petiole,leaves of the lower part of the stem petioleless,the leaf petiole of the upper part of the stem 0.5-1.0 cm.Leaves upper epidermal green,lower epidermal grey green,both sides scurfly knotted glandular pubescent,especially near veins,leaves brown pointed glandulular seta.Lateral veins 7-8 pairs,reflected.Terminal pachystachyus,brachless,length 2-10 cm,width 1.5-2.0 cm;peduncle thick,diam.3.5 cm,knotted glandular hairs,concentrated many flowers,flower stalkless,one bract,green,diamond shaped,length 4-6 mm,width 2 mm,back pilose.Calyx shorter than bract,length 3.5-4.0 mm,the 1/3-3/4 lower part connate into a short tube,persistent with a fruit,scarcely pointed glandular hairs or knotted glandular hairs.Calyx white,glandular seta,connate into cup-shaped,calyx tube length 5-6 mm,width 4 mm,sepal 7,rare 6 or 8,irregular,triangle,ciliated,length 0.5-1.5 mm.Each flower with one bract,bract ovate-triangle,length 6-7 mm,width 3 mm,conspicuously longer than sepals,green,glandular pubescent.Stamens 7-9,the same numbers of the sepals and vertillate with sepals.Filment hairless,separate,grow on the basal of the ovary,length more than 2 times of the calyx,about 12 mm;basifixed anther,length 1.5 mm,longitudinal dehiscence.Ovary superior,sphere,diam.1.5 mm,tomentose.Style stick,length 5.5-6.0 mm,pilose,persistent;Stigma head,round,basal placenta,the numbers of the ovules are the same as that of sepals.Capsule sphere,petiolless,diam.4 mm,covered by the persistent calyx tube,6-8 valvular dehiscence.Seed 5-8,one rib,with a narrow wing.Pollen 3 colporate,long spere,warty.Anthesis Aug.-Sept.,fructification Sept.-Oct.
图1 假珍珠菜Fig.1 Paralysimachia xueshanensis
China.Yunnan(云南):Llincan(临沧),Bandong(邦东),hill,alt.3390~3420 m,2005-03-27,F.Du(杜凡),J.Wang(王娟)0301;The same locality,2005-10-02,F.Du(杜凡),J.Wang(王娟);2006-09-09,F.Du(杜凡),J.J.Wang(王建军)(holotype,SWFC).
多年生宿根草本,茎不分枝,但因基部分蘖而成丛状;茎具6~8条棱,基部直径粗达10mm,高40~60 cm,被多细胞毛,有腺点。叶轮生、近轮生或至上部互生,多达6叶。叶片全缘,椭圆形,薄纸质,长8~12 cm,宽3~4 cm,先端长渐尖,基部狭楔形,并下延成不明显的短柄,下部的叶无叶柄,上部的叶柄长0.5~1.0 cm。叶上面绿色,下面灰绿色,两面疏被糠粃状有节腺毛,脉上较密,叶片散布不规则的深褐色点状腺点。侧脉7~8对,弯曲。穗状花序顶生,不分枝,长2~10 cm,粗1.5~2.0 cm;花序轴较粗壮,直径达3.5 mm,密被有节腺毛,上面着生多数密集、无花梗的花。苞片1枚,绿色,钻形,长4~6 mm,宽2 mm,背面疏被毛。花萼稍短于苞片,长3.5~4.0 mm,下部1/3~3/4合生成短筒状,果期宿存,疏被点状腺点及有节腺毛;花萼白色,有腺点,合生成杯状,萼筒长5~6 mm,宽4 mm,萼裂片7,偶6或8,稍不等大,三角形,有缘毛,裂片长0.5~1.5 mm。每花有1个苞片,此苞片卵状三角形,长6~7 mm,宽3 mm,明显长于花,绿色,有腺点。雄蕊7~9,与花萼裂片同数且互生;花丝无毛,分离,生于子房基部,长度超过花萼的2倍以上,达到12 mm;花药基部着生,长约1.5 mm,纵裂。子房上位,球形,直径约1.5 mm,被毛。花柱长5.5~6.0 mm,疏被毛,宿存;柱头头状。花柱棒状,长约5 mm,宿存;柱头钝;基生胎座,胚珠与花萼裂片几同数。蒴果球形,无柄,直径约4 mm,被宿存萼筒包被,成熟时6~8瓣裂(纵裂);种子5~8,具棱,并具狭翅。花期8—9月,果期9—10月。假珍珠菜生境、花和种子的照片见图2。
图2 假珍珠菜生境、花和种子Fig.2 Habitat,flowers and seeds of Paralysimachia xueshanensis
致谢:感谢中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆王凌先生帮助绘图,西南林业大学电镜室丁勇先生帮助制作花粉电镜照片!
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(责任编辑张坤)
第1作者:杜凡(1957—),男,教授,博士生导师。研究方向:植物分类及植物多样性保护。Email:kmdufan@163.com。
Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.S.Yang,a new genus of Primulaceae from Yunnan
Du Fan1,Wang Juan1,Yang Shaoyong2
(1.College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,China;2.College of Landscape Architecture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,China)
Abstract:A new genus of Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.S.Yang of Primulaceae has been identified in Bangdong Snow Mountain,Lincang city,Yunnan.It is similar to Lysimachia,but with a single perianth,without corolla,filament much longer than that of perianth,basal placentation instead of free-central placentation,ovules less than 8.The typus of the new genus has been identified and illustrated as Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang,and it is distributing in the alt.of 3 390-3 420 m in the sub-alpinal steppes at the top of Bangdong Snow Mountain.
Key words:new genus,Paralysimachia,new species,Paralysimachia xueshanensis,Bangdong Snow Mountain
通信作者:杨少永(1964—),女,硕士,讲师。研究方向:园林植物。Email:lamb@swfc.edu.cn。
基金项目:云南省林业厅资助:云南省澜沧江自然保护区综合科学考察。
收稿日期:2015-12-25
doi:10.11929/ j.issn.2095-1914.2016.03.016
中图分类号:Q949.773.2
文献标志码:A
文章编号:2095-1914(2016)03-0091-04