形容词作状语的用法

朱海霞

形容词除了可以作定语、表语或补语外，还可以在句中作状语，具有副词的功能。形容词作状语使用时，一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末或句中。现将形容词（组）作状语的用法分述如下。

1. 形容词或形容词短语作状语，表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

Angry at the girl oversleeping， Mr. Green went down to wake her up. （=Mr. Green went down to wake up the girl because he was angry with her for oversleeping.） 格林先生下去叫醒她，是因为她睡过了头惹恼了他。

Easy to be with， he is warmly welcomed. （=Because he is easy to be with， he is warmly welcomed.） 因为平易近人，所以他受到热烈欢迎。

2. 形容词或形容词短语作状语，可表示行为方式或伴随状况。如：

Crusoe stared at the footprint， full of fear. （=Crusoe stared at it and was full of fear.） 克鲁索两眼死盯着脚印看，内心里充满着恐惧。

Overjoyed， they rushed to the front. 他们非常高兴，急步跑到前面。

The thief hid himself in the corner， afraid of being caught. 小偷躲在角落里，担心被人抓住。

3. 形容词或形容词短语作状语，可表示时间或条件。如：

Ripe， these grapes are sweet. （=When these grapes are ripe， they are sweet.） 这些葡萄在熟了的时候是很甜的。

Glad， I sing an English song. （=When I am glad， I sing an English song.） 我高兴的时候，就唱一首英语歌。

4. 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。这种状语常由连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。如：

Wet or fine， he got up at six and took a walk in the park. （=Whether it was wet or fine， he got up at six and took a walk in the park.） 不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。

Old or young， the peasants are busy with autumn harvest. 农民们不论老少都在忙于秋收。

Every nation， big or small， should be equal. 每个国家无论大小，都应一律平等。

5. 形容词或形容词短语作状语，可表示结果或存在的状态。如：

They broke into the uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor， dead. 他们强行冲进叔叔的卧室，发现那个人躺在地板上，已经死了。

One woman was lying in bed， awake， listening to the rushing winds. 一位妇女躺在床上，没有睡着，静听着那急急的风声。

Tom reached home at last， tired and hungry. 汤姆终于回到家了，他又累又饿。

He came back， safe and sound. 他安然无恙地回来了。

On my way home， I saw a middle-aged man lying by the roadside， blind very drunk. 在我回家的途中，我看到一个中年男子躺在路边，烂醉如泥。

Scared and cold， the Time Traveller starts back towards the present. 又怕又冷，时光旅游者踏上了回到现在的旅程。

6. 形容词或形容词短语作状语，用作评注性状语，表示说话人的看法、态度和评价。如：

Worse still， the lion could even carry off the baby its mouth. 更糟糕的是，狮子甚至能把婴儿叼走。

Curious， the game should turn out that way. 真奇怪，比赛结果是那样的。

Modest and easy-going， he soon put everyone at ease. 他谦逊、开朗，使大家很快就一点也不紧张了。

比较：形容词与分词作状语的关系。

1. 形容词做原因状语，有无being区别不大。如：

Being poor， he couldnt afford a TV set. （现在分词作原因状语）

Poor， he couldnt afford a TV set. （形容词作原因状语）

Being ill， I stayed at home. （现在分词作原因状语）

Ill， I stayed at home. （形容词作原因状语）

但过去分词做原因状语时不可加being表示状态，加being表示正在进行的动作。如：

Made of glass， the cup is fragile.

Caught in the rain， he got wet all over.

Lost in thought， he almost ran into the car in front.

Being interviewedby the reporters， the manager has no time to see you.

2. 形容词做时间状语， 不可以加being。

Ripe，these apples are sweet. 这种苹果熟了时很甜。

You had better eat vegetablesfresh. （=when they are fresh，不可用being fresh）

The fruits cant be eaten raw （生的）. （=when they raw， 不可用being raw）

3. 做伴随状语时，形容词和过去分词（其实他们已经形容词化了）可以互换。但均不可加being。如：

He got home late that night， hungry and tired.

After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， worn out.

4. 做方式状语时，不可以加being。但他们可以加-ly。

①Brave and strong， the activists talked to workers outside the factory.

Bravely and strongly， the activists talked to workers outside the factory.

②Nervous， she tore open the letter.

Nervously， she tore open the letter.

③Helpless， we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.

Helplessly， we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.

形容词除了作原因状语，其他情况下一般不加being。而过去分词表示状态时一般也不加being（除非表示“正在被……”）

[练习]

1. After the long journey， the three of the went back home， ______.

A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired

C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired

2. After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， ______.

A. exhausting B. exhausted

B. having been exhausted D. having exhausted

3. _____ with a difficult situation， Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To face B. Having faced

C. Faced D. Facing

4. _____ in the mountains for a week， the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost B. Lost

C. Being lost D. Losing

5. _____ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress

C. Dressing D. Having dressed

6. _____ and happy， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising

B. Surprised

C. Being surprised

D. To be surprised