巧选名词性从句连接词

2016-05-30 23:16籍万杰
高中生学习·高二版 2016年2期
关键词:连接词主干状语

籍万杰

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据其在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考主要考查连接词的使用,解题时采用成分分析可以快速锁定使用的连接词。

[用连接代词]

当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语时,选用连接代词。常用的有what,who(m),whoever,which,whose等。what根据不同句子的意思可以灵活翻译成“……的(话、东西、地方、时候、样子等)”;who具有疑问意义,意思是“谁”;whoever没有疑问意义,意思是“……的任何人”,相当于anybody who;which意思是“哪一个”;在句中作定语时用whose。

例1 (2015浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

解析 what。句意为:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查清楚水面下有什么东西。通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。动词investigate后面接的是宾语从句。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现,空格所做的成分是主语。名词性从句中缺少主语或宾语并且指物用what引导。

例2 (2010重庆卷)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.

解析 whoever。句意为:为了提高产品质量,我们向使用过这些产品的人征询建议。该题中动词ask常用ask sb. for sth.,因此,空格后应该是ask的宾语,从句后置。宾语从句中缺少主语,指人并且没有疑问意义,用whoever,相当于anybody who。

例3 (2010四川卷)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.

解析 who。句意为:一个人旅游有多享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去,无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。介词on后面接宾语从句,从句中with后缺少宾语,应填连接代词。根据后面的whether his friends or relatives可知应该是和谁去,故填who。

[用连接副词 ]

当名词性从句中主干齐全,根据意思缺少状语时,选用连接副词。常用的有when,where,why,how等。这些连接词既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语。

例4 (2015重庆卷) We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

解析 when。句意为:我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来,以便我们能给他预订房间。find out后面接宾语从句,从句中主干齐全,根据句意缺少时间状语,故填when。

例5 (2015北京卷) we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

解析 How。句意为:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。分析句子结构可知,这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。从句中主干齐全,根据意思,缺少方式状语,故填how。

例6 (2015湖南卷)You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

解析 where。句意为:你如果要计划到达那里的最后的方法,就得知道自己要往哪里去。know后面接的是宾语从句,从句中主干齐全,根据意思可知缺少地点状语,故填where。

例7 (2015四川卷)The exhibition tells us

we should do something to stop air pollution.

解析 why。句意为:这次展览告诉我们为什么我们该做些事情来阻止大气污染。tell是接双宾语的动词,因此此处是填宾语从句的连接词。从句中主干齐全,根据意思缺少原因状语,故填why。

[用从属连词]

当名词性从句主干齐全,又不缺少状语时,用从属连词引导。从属连词有that,whether和if。当从句中不缺少成分,陈述一件事实时,用that引导;当从句中不缺少成分,有“是否”的含义时,用whether或if引导。whether与if在引导动词后的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:①引导主语从句并在句首时;②引导表语从句时;③引导从句作介词宾语时;④从句后有“or not”时;⑤后接动词不定式时。

例8 (2015北京卷)I truly believe beauty comes from within.

解析 that。句意为:我真的相信美丽源自于内心。believe后接宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分,陈述一件实事,因此用that起到连接作用。

例9 (2013陕西卷)It remains to be seen

the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.

解析 whether。句意为:新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知,it是形式主语,后面是主语从句,从句中不缺少任何成分,有“是否”的含义,故填whether。

总之,在语法填空中遇到需要填连接词的空格时,仔细分析句子结构,首先判断出从句的类型。若是名词性从句,则根据从句中是否缺少成分以及缺少什么成分来选择填充恰当的连接词。

[练习]

1. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

2. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finishes anything.

3. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know shell accept it.

4. The villagers have already known well do is to rebuild the bridge.

5. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats the best jobs are.

6. It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

7. will win the match is still unknown.

8. fails to see this will make a big mistake.

9. There was a sudden flash, followed by sounded like fireworks.

10. I still couldnt understand the machine would work, so I asked him to explain it to me.

11. If you feel tired and sick of fatty foods, that is you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination.

12. It was never clear the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.

[参考答案]

1. What 2. why 3. whether/if 4. what

5. where 6. that 7. Who 8. Whoever

9. what 10. how 11. when 12. why

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