深海生物采样工具研制报告

任翀 王峰 刘小涯 王旭阳 曾润颖

摘 要：采集不同深度海水中的生物样品，是现代海洋学研究的重要内容。随着各种海洋科学研究与海洋资源开发利用的不断深入，如何快速、方便和有效地对海洋生物进行调查采样，以获得第一手的海洋生物科学研究样品，全面了解特定海域的生物资源情况，成为了当务之急。由国家“863”计划支撑的“深海生物采样工具研制”课题，其研制目标是：重点突破深海生物样品采集原位观测与定植培养，生物资源研究与开发所涉及的关键核心技术与装备；研发适用于载人深潜器、ROV等平台的系列化采样和作业工具；建立一套深海底生态长期观测系统，研制深海自容式原位生物定植培养工程样机，并完成海试实验；获得一批基因、技术、工艺等相关专利。通过项目研究大幅提高我国深海生物资源研究开发技术水平和自主创新能力，保障资源的可持续开发利用。课题的研究内容包括：海底微生物垫采样器、泵吸式大型生物采样器、诱捕式大型生物采样器、射网式大型生物采样器、铲撬式大型生物采样器、组合式生物转移箱、船载厌氧/保压转移装置、备用能源与控制吊舱。课题在2014年度完成了各型深海生物采样工具诸多关键技术研究，主要设备均完成了样机试制及调试，部分设备进行了海上实际应用并获得了相关生物样品。该研究报告详细论述了各型采样工具的设计方案和主要研制过程，并记录了调试及试验的结果及改进方向，为课题后续研制提供了重要的技术基础。

关键词：深海 生物采样 工具

Abstract：Collection of biological samples at different depths in the sea，is an important content of modern Oceanography research.With a variety of marine scientific research and development and utilization of marine resources unceasingly thorough，how to quickly，easily and effectively to marine organisms were sampled，marine biological sciences research samples to obtain the first hand，the biological resources of the comprehensive understanding of certain areas，has become a pressing matter of the moment.Supported by the national"863"plan "deep-sea biological sampling tools development"project，its development objectives are：the key breakthrough deep-sea biological samples collected in situ observation and colonization culture，kernel technology and equipment involved in research and development of biological resources；series of R & D is suitable for carrying people submersibles，ROV platform for sampling and working tools；to establish a set of deep seabed ecological long-term observation system，the development of deep-sea self-contained in situ biological colonization culture engineering prototype，and complete the experiment on the sea；get a group of genes，technology，process and other related patents.Through the research projects a substantial increase in China's deep-sea biological resources research and development technical level and the ability of independent innovation，to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of resources.Content of the research include：seabed microbial mat sampler，suction pump large biological sampler，trap type large biological sampler，radio network type large biological sampler，shovel prizing large biological sampler，combined biological transfer box，ship borne anaerobic/holding pressure transfer device，the standby energy and control pod.Topic in the year 2014 completed the study some key technical tools for sampling of various types of deep-sea creatures，the main equipment are completed prototype trial manufacture and debugging，part of the equipment of the practical application of maritime and obtain the relevant biological samples.This report discusses in detail the process of design scheme of various types of sampling and the main development tool，and record the debugging and the test results and the direction of improvement provides an important technical basis for subsequent development project.

Key Words：Deepsea；Creatures sampling；Tools

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