交直流特高压线路无线电干扰和可听噪声产生机理及本征特性研究2013年度报告

卢铁兵 张波 刘元庆 谢辉春 任成燕

摘 要：交、直流特高压输电线路导线电晕放电会产生较强的无线电干扰和可听噪声问题，这已成为交直流输电线路设计和运行中的决定因素之一。基于电磁场理论、气体放电理论、电声学理论，本研究电晕放电产生无线电干扰和可听噪声的机理，进而建立交、直流特高压输电线路电晕放电与无线电干扰和可听噪声的关联特性，最终获得交、直流特高压线路无线电干扰和可听噪声的特性及计算方法。 目前已经取得了部分研究成果，初步完成了2013年度预期目标，主要成果包括： （1）基于单点放电、尖板放电、脉冲放电、导线放电等实验模型，初步获得了电晕电流的时域和频域统计特性，开展了电晕电流的传播模型研究，提出了电晕放电初始电流波形的确定方法和无线电干扰的时域建模方法； （2）基于电晕放电可听噪声的近距离测试方法及时域测试技术，获得了单点电晕放电产生的可听噪声的时域波形，分析了声场的传播特性，初步获得了单点放电可听噪声时域波形与电晕放电初始电流时间波形的关联特征； （3）基于电晕放电模型， 提出了电晕放电空间电荷运动的数值模拟方法，建立了电晕电流微观分析模型； （4）基于直流特高压电晕笼的大量试验，获得了正、负极性直流导线的可听噪声频谱规律，提出了采用8kHz分量法预测可听噪声A声级的方法； （5）研究了特高压直流长试验线路与短试验线段无线电干扰和可听噪声的转换关系，提出了利用短试验线段测量数据估计输电线路无线电干扰和可听噪声的方法； （6）对交流特高压试验示范工程输电线路的无线电干扰进行了长期监测，获得了冬季和夏季无线电干扰的统计特性，通过统计分析，初步获得了特高压交流线路无线电干扰、可听噪声的经验公式。 2013年度的研究成果，对后续可听噪声产生机理的研究及可听噪声的预测方法的研究奠定了较好的实验基础，为后续无线电干扰特性及产生机理研究奠定了理论和实验基础。

关键词：特高压输电线路 无线电干扰 可听噪声 产生机理 本征特性

Abstract：Abstract-Radio interference and audible noise caused by corona discharge have become decisive factors in design of UHV AC and DC transmission lines. This project aims to investigate characteristics and generation mechanism of radio interference and audible noise through electromagnetic theory， gas discharge theory and electro-acoustic theory. The final targets are to establish correlated relationship of radio interference and audible noise with corona discharge， to obtain characteristics of radio interference and audible noise， and to provide a new method for predicting radio interference and audible noise. Initial targets for 2013 have been completed. Major achievements obtained can be shown as follows： （1）The statistical characteristics of corona current in time-domain and in frequency-domain were obtained， based on experiment models including single corona discharge， point-to-plane corona discharge， and etc. The method to determine initial corona current waveform and propagation model for corona current were proposed. Besides， modeling method for radio interference in time domain was presented. （2）The waveforms of audible noise from single corona discharge source were obtained through test near corona source in time domain. The propagation characteristics of audible noise were analyzed. Correlated relationship in time domain between audible noise and corona current was achieved. （3）A numerical simulation method for dynamic characteristics of space charges and microscopic analysis model for corona current were presented. （4）The frequency spectrum characteristics of audible noise from positive corona were obtained through tests in corona cage. A method to predict A-weighted sound pressure level was presented based on the component of 8kHz. （5）The transformation relation between long and short lines for radio interference and audible noise was derived， which is used to estimate radio interference and audile noise based on measurement data from short lines. （6）The statistical characteristics of radio interference in summer and in winter were obtained based on long time tests for the UHV AC transmission lines. Empirical formulas for radio interference and audible noise were derived by statistical analysis. The research results establish a good experimental basis for studying mechanism and getting accurate prediction method for radio interference and audible noise from UHV transmission lines.

Key word：UHV transmission lines； raido interference； audible noise； generation mechanism；intrinsic characteristics

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