人物类记叙文的写作

田源

记叙文以叙述、描写为主要表达方式，通过记人、叙事、写景、状物等反映丰富多彩的现实生活。一篇优秀的记叙文应按照出题要求，做到主题鲜明，结构顺畅，文体清晰。

记叙文是以记人叙事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。在高考英语书面表达中，记人和记事常常是相互联系的。记叙文包括人物介绍、故事、游记、报道、典故、日记等。记叙文写作应特别注意：

（1）要素（人物、时间、地点、事件、原因和结果）完整；人物和事件是叙述的主体。

（2）清楚明白，情节完整；但不要过分发挥，以防言多必失。

（3）时态是一个值得注意的问题。通常事件发生的时间是确定时态的关键。表过去的事件和行为，用一般过去时，兼用别的过去时态，必要时也用现在时态。叙述经常性的事情时，以一般现在时为主。总之，下笔前一定要统观全局，确定好时态基点。

记叙文是将题目提供的人物、事物、景观、地点等用生动、形象的语言描绘出来。在写作过程中记叙加描述，让被描写的对象在读者的脑海中有一幅清晰的画面。

记叙文的写作要素：

（1）围绕主题，选好细节，使文章内容既丰富又紧凑。

（2）描写顺序恰当。写人时由上到下，由表及里。描写地点时通常由上到下，从里到外，由远到近。

（3）注意描写详略得当，重点突出。

（4）努力运用生动形象的语言，恰当运用形容词，并要避免重复单调地用词。

例1 马克·吐温是美国著名作家。请根据下面提供的内容写一篇人物简介。词数：100左右。

（1）马克·吐温（1835～1910）生于美国Missouri。他是美国19世纪著名的作家之一。

（2）他的家乡位于密西西比河畔。成年后，他曾在密西西比河的船上当水手。马克·吐温是他的笔名。

（3）他写过很多小说，其中最著名的是《汤姆索耶历险记》。他的作品被译成多国文字，深受全世界读者喜爱。

解析

Mark Twain （1835～1910）， one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century， was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.

Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River， where he spent his childhood.When he grew up he worked as a sailor on a riverboat for some time. Mark Twain was his pen name.

Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels， one of which is The Adventure of Tom Sawyer， the masterpiece which brought him fame and honor. Some of his writings have been translated into many languages. He and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.

点评 本文为人物简介，共分三段，层层深入地把马克·吐温一生的重大事情表达得清清楚楚。文章的时态主要用过去时，最后两句与现在有关，因此用了现在完成时和一般现在时。

此外，文章简洁明了，第一句以一个带有同位语的句子代替两个简单句，使句子简练。第二、三段的第一句中分别用了定语从句，使句子缩短，避免冗长。

例2 有一个美国代表团想了解你们的英语老师，请根据下列提要，写一篇短文。内容提要如下：

1. 这位英语老师名叫Bruce，是位英国人，40岁左右，又高又瘦，戴着一副眼镜；

2. 对学生要求严格，认真备课，认真批改作业；

3. 教学方法不同于别人，鼓励学生思考，培养学生的自学能力；

4. 和学生打成一片，和蔼可亲，深受学生的爱戴和尊敬。

要求：1. 介绍必须包括所给要点，但不要逐条译成英语；2. 词数110左右。

Our English Teacher-Bruce

①His teaching style is quite different from that of the others.

②We all love and respect him.

③He is strict with us in our study.

④He prepares his lessons well and corrects our homework carefully.

⑤Bruce， our English teacher， is from England and is about 40 years old.

⑥In his spare time he plays basketball and football with us.

⑦He often helps and cares for us.

⑧He is very kind to us.

⑨In class he always encourages us to think hard and develop our ability to study on our own.

⑩He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses on his nose.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析 Bruce， our English teacher， is from England and is about 40 years old. He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses on his nose. He is strict with us in our study. He prepares his lessons well and corrects our homework carefully. His teaching style is quite different from that of the others. In class he always encourages us to think hard and develop our ability to study on our own. He often helps and cares for us. He is very kind to us. In his spare time he plays basketball and football with us. We all love and respect him.

例3 A friend in need is a friend in deed. 在学习生活中朋友总能帮我们克服困难，给我们鼓励。我们的生活也因为朋友而不同。请结合生活实例，写一篇文章说说你的好朋友。

A friend of mine

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Liu Ying is a pretty girl who always has a smile on her face. _____ she gives us the impression that the girl is patient and easygoing， and she really is.

_____ she is the top student in our class and especially good at English， _____ I have problem in English I will turn to her for help. _____ my mother was ill and I had to stay home to take care of her for two days. ______， she walked a long way to my house to help me with the lessons I missed during the days. ______ I have made great progress.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析

A friend of mine

In my life I have met many people who are really worth mentioning. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I have ever known is my best friend Liu Ying.

Liu Ying is a pretty girl who always has a smile on her face. So she gives us the impression that the girl is patient and easygoing， and she really is.

Since she is the top student in our class and especially good at English， whenever I have problem in English I will turn to her for help. Once my mother was ill and I had to stay home to take care of her for two days. To my gratitude， she walked a long way to my house to help me with the lessons I missed during the days. With her help I have made great progress.

We shall soon graduate from middle school. I hope our friendship will last forever.

例4 童年记忆总能给我们深刻的印象。回忆童年， 记下一两件让你印象深刻事情。

My Childhood

How time flies！ Now I am a young man. Every time I 1 my photo album， those childish pictures of mine always 2 me of the cheerful side of my 3 .

I still 4 the evenings when， before going to bed， I asked my mother to tell me stories. She used to tell me fairy stories， most of which had a 5 and 6 boy as a hero. Having finished the story， my mother often 7 me on the head， saying， “My child， I hope you will be as good a boy as the hero in the story.” Now I am about to 8 from high school， I hope I can live up to my mothers 9 .

I still remember the early cultivation to 10 my attention to my study. Whenever I was doing something， my parents would let nothing 11 my attention. They always say， “A good skater never tries to skate in two 12 at a time.” This becomes part of my life and I have 13 from it a lot.

The memory of my childhood is like a 14 dream. Instead of trying going back to the happy childhood， I would try still harder to make a 15 future.

解析 1. open/look at 2. remind 3. childhood

4. remember 5. brave 6. honest 7. patted

8. graduate 9. expectations 10. focus

11. distract 12. directions

13. benefited/learned 14. sweet/wonderful

15. happy/bright

对人物类记叙文的写作，要求开头应有简明的介绍，文章的主体部分可按时间或事件的主次进行描述，结尾进行评论或谈感受。