精确喷灌技术与产品2013年度课题技术总结报告

袁寿其 李久生 李红 范永申 钱一超

摘 要：完成高比转速多工况自吸喷灌机组的水力设计，通过预测泵内部流场，水力性能已达到要求，采用空气压缩原理设计新型自吸装置。采用间断式旋转碎水装置改善低压下喷头喷洒均匀性，研究其工作原理，完成了新型低压均匀喷洒喷头的设计和试制。采用异型喷嘴技术改进现有摇臂式喷头低压喷洒时的水力性能。完成高均匀性园林升降式射线喷头结构设计。基本建立低压阻尼喷头关键部件的设计理论，提出一种新的阻尼装置设计方案，初步完成数值模拟、样机制作及性能测试。一种流量可调式喷头产品成型。提出文丘里施肥器结构优化方法，开发出一种柱塞式注肥泵。开发快速连接管件，构建出1种固定移动两用软管喷灌系统。研制出喷滴灌两用自吸泵，开发出喷滴灌两用灌溉机组。研制出草坪喷头起落点精确定位装置，开发出基于开环控制策略的变域喷灌系统控制器。一种多功能轻小型灌溉机组成型。搭建太阳能水泵系统试验台，建立光伏水泵系统出水量预测模型，提出太阳能离心泵的水力优化方法并编写优化算法，研制出1 kW可移动式太阳能智能灌溉系统。初步明确了大型喷灌机喷灌水肥运移特征、产量空间变异与土壤特性之间的关系，初步确定了适用于集约化农田的低能耗精确喷灌水肥管理模式，完成了大型喷灌机变量灌溉设施建设。

关键词：精确喷灌装备 低能耗多功能喷灌机组 高效太阳能抽水灌溉系统 适用于集约化农田的低能耗精确喷灌技术

Precision Irrigation Technology and Product of the Year 2013 Project Technical Report

Yuan Shouqi1 Li Jiusheng2 Li Hong1 Fan Yongshen3 Qian Yichao4

（1.Jiangsu University； 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research； 3.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences； 4.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences）

Abstract：The hydraulic design of self suction sprinkler irrigation system， which was high specific speed multi condition， was completed. The hydraulic performance has reached the requirements by predicting the internal flow field of pump. A new type of self suction device was designed using the air compression principle. The intermittent water device was used to improve the uniformity of low pressure sprayer. The research on its working principle was carried out. The design and manufacture of a new low pressure spraying nozzle were completed. The hydraulic performance of spraying at low pressure was improved using the special nozzle technology. The design of high uniformity garden lift ray nozzle structure was completed. Based on the design theory of the key part of low damping nozzle， a new design scheme of damping device was proposed. Numerical simulation， prototyping and performance test were completed preliminary. A type of adjustable flow nozzle can be molded. The Venturi injector structural optimization method was proposed and a plunger injector was developed. The quick connect fitting was developed and one kind of fixed as well as mobile irrigation system was constructed. The drip as well as spray irrigation self-priming pump and irrigation system were developed. The device of precision positioning lawn sprinkler landing point was developed. The controller for variable domain of sprinkler irrigation system based on open-loop control strategy was developed. A multifunctional small-sized irrigation system can be modeled. The solar water pump test system and a water demand forecast model were established. The hydraulic optimization method of algorithms for solar centrifugal pump was proposed. The 1 kW mobile solar intelligent irrigation system was developed. The relationship between water and fertilizer， migration characteristics and soil properties for the large sprinkler irrigation system was initially clear. The low energy precision irrigation water and fertilizer management mode which was suitable for intensive agricultural was determined. The construction of variable rate irrigation facilities for large-scale sprinkler irrigation system was completed.

Key Words：Precision irrigation equipment； Low energy consumption and multifunctional sprinkler irrigation system； High efficiency solar pumping irrigation system； Low energy precision irrigation technology is suitable for intensive farming

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