863课题“深海微生物活性物质的挖掘及其利用技术”2013年度进展

鞠建华 周雪峰 朱伟明 漆淑华 徐刚明

摘 要：2013年为863课题“深海微生物活性物质的挖掘及其利用技术”实施的第二年。该年度该课题进展顺利，完成了预期的研究计划。取得的研究进展主要分为以下5个方面：（1）在深海沉积环境样品中分离、纯化、保藏869株菌株，确定了729个菌株的系统进化地位，在深海海水样品中分离了海洋微生物237株，完成了其中168株的细菌测序工作；其中发现一个潜在的新属级类群。（2）对21株深海微生物进行次生代谢产物的分离和纯化，从中分离鉴定代谢产物186个，其中新结构化合物71个；其中1个对称的环四肽类新骨架化合物；发现具有较好药用活性的化合物25个；对Staurosporine的衍生物HDZ-115和Xanthocillin X进行深入的药理药效研究，确定为下一步成药性评价的先导化合物。（3）从深海来源微生物中发现对植物病原真菌具有良好抗性的脂肽类活性物质；筛选得到一系列抗污损活性的活性物质，其中1个单体化合物在海洋挂板实验中较好抗海洋污损生物活性，具有进一步开发价值。（4）完成了1株深海海洋放线菌SCSIO ZH66的全基因组扫描测序，克隆鉴定了Grincamycin，Lobophorin的生物合成基因簇，完成了Grincamycin，marinacarboline，lobophorin的生物合成途径。（5）从深海微生物中分离纯化两种具有重要经济价值的新蛋白酶，分离得到到新型高温α淀粉酶和生淀粉酶基因，成功实现异源表达，并对酶学性质进行了研究。

关键词：深海微生物 活性物质 药用活性 生态效应 生物合成 新型酶

Abstract： This 2013 annual report of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China “Discovery and Development of Bioactive Substrates from the Deep-sea Microorganisms” includes the following contents： （1） 869 strains have been purified， separated and preserved from the deep sea sediment and 729 of them have been determined with their phylogenetic position. 237 strains have been purified and separated from deep sea water samples， and 168 of them have been completed with their bacteria sequencing studies； there is a potential new genus level taxa in them； （2） 21 Stains of deep-sea microbes have been investigated for their secondary metabolisms. 186 compounds have been isolated and identified and 71 of them are new compounds， including a novel cyclic tetrapeptide. 25 compounds were found to show significant pharmacological activities. Detained pharmacological studies of HDZ-115 （derivative of staurosporine） and Xanthocillin X show that these two lead compounds are worthy of further drug assessment. （3） Some lipopeptides show antagonistic activities toward the tested plant fungal pathogens. Several active substances are obtained with their antifouling activities， and one of them shows a good application value in the antipollution experiments in sea. （4） The genome of the deep sea actinomycete SCSIO ZH66 has been scanned； gene clusters responsible for grincamycin and lobophorin have been cloned and identified and the pathways of grincamycin， marinacarboline and lobophorin have been deciphered； （5） Two new proteases， with good economic value， were isolated and purified from deep-sea microbes. New high temperature α-amylases and amylase genes were isolated with successful implementation of heterologous expression.

Key Words： Deep-sea microbes； Bioactive substance； Pharmacological activities； Ecological effect； Biosynthesis； New enzyme

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